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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2019-5-66-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-1752</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И РЕГИСТРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGISTERS AND STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение микрорибонуклеиновых кислот в терапии ишемического инсульта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of microRNA in the therapy of ischemic stroke</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гареев</surname><given-names>И. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gareev</surname><given-names>I. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гареев Ильгиз Фанилевич — аспирант кафедры нейрохирургии и медицинской реабилитации с курсом ИДПО.</p><p>Уфа, Республика Башкортостан, тел.: +7 (937) 495-29-27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilgiz_gareev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8469-1635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новикова Лилия Бареевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой неврологии и нейрохирургии ИДПО.</p><p>Уфа, Республика Башкортостан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novicova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5460</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бейлерли</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beylerli</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бейлерли Озал Арзуман оглы — аспирант кафедры урологии с курсом ИДПО.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">obeylerli@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО “Башкирский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гареев И.Ф., Новикова Л.Б., Бейлерли О.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гареев И.Ф., Новикова Л.Б., Бейлерли О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gareev I.F., Novikova L.B., Beylerli O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1752">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1752</self-uri><abstract><p>Инсульт является одной из ведущих причин смерти и инвалидности во всем мире. Последствия инсульта проявляются глубокой и стойкой клинической симптоматикой, что в значительной степени ложится бременем, как на пациента, так и на общество. Текущие методы лечения ишемического инсульта оказались недостаточными, отчасти из-за неполного понимания клеточных и молекулярных изменений, происходящих при инсульте. Микрорибонуклеиновые кислоты (микроРНК) представляют собой эндогенно экспрессируемые молекулы рибонуклеиновой кислоты (РНК) длиной 18-22 нуклеотида, которые подавляют экспрессию гена на посттранскрипционном уровне путем связывания с 3'-нетранслируемой областью матричных рибонуклеиновых кислот-мишеней. МикроРНК участвуют практически во всех биологических процессах, включая клеточную пролиферацию, апоптоз и дифференцировку клеток, но и так же играют ключевую роль в патофизиологических процессах, способствующих ишемическому поражению. Более того, микроРНК могут представлять собой не только как потенциальные биомаркеры, но и стать новыми терапевтическими мишенями в клинической практике, что опять же подтверждает необходимость их изучения. Терапия, основанная на микроРНК, включает агонисты или мимики и ингибиторы (антагомиры), что соответственно уменьшает и увеличивает экспрессию генов-мишеней. В этом обзоре суммируются современные знания на текущий момент о фундаментальных исследованиях применения микроРНК в лечении инсульта. Обсуждаются методы лечения, временные окна и дозировки для эффективной доставки препаратов, основанных на микроРНК, в центральную нервную систему. Рассматриваются воздействия микроРНК-терапии на основные патологические механизмы инсульта, включая окислительный стресс, воспаление, апоптоз, ангиогенез, нейрогенез и сохранность гематоэнцефалического барьера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The consequences of a stroke are manifested by deep and persistent clinical symptoms, which largely impose a burden on both the patient and society. Current treatments for ischemic stroke have proven to be inadequate, in part because of an incomplete understanding of the cellular and molecular changes that occur during a stroke. Microribonucleic acids (MicroRNAs) are endogenously expressed ribonucleic acid (RNA) of 18-22 nucleotides in length that suppress gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of the messenger ribonucleic acids targets. MicroRNAs are involved in virtually all biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell differentiation, but also play a key role in the pathophysiological processes that contribute to ischemic damage. Moreover, miRNAs can represent not only potential biomarkers, but also become new therapeutic targets in clinical practice, which again confirms the need for their study. Therapy based on miRNA, includes agonists or facial expressions and inhibitors (antagomirs), which accordingly reduces and increases the expression of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of fundamental research in the use of microRNAs in the treatment of stroke. The treatment methods, time windows and dosages for the effective delivery of microRNA-based drugs to the central nervous system are discussed. The effects of microRNA therapy on the main pathological mechanisms of stroke, including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and the safety of the blood-brain barrier are considered.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>экспрессия</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>мимики</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>MicroRNA</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>expression</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd><kwd>mimics</kwd><kwd>inhibitors.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа была выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта Республики Башкортостан молодым ученым от 5 февраля 2019 № УГ-28</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was financially supported by a grant from the Republic of Bashkortostan to young scientists dated February 5, 2019 № UG-28</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendis S, Davis S, Norrving B. 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