cardiovascularКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактикаCardiovascular Therapy and Prevention1728-88002619-0125«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.15829/1728-8800-2011-4-128-135cardiovascular-1909Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОсобенности факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у женщин и роль половых гормоновCardiovascular risk factors in women and the role of sex hormonesЮреневаС. В.YurenevaS. V.

ведущий научный сотрудник

Москва

Moscow

yurenevas@mail.ruМычкаВ. Б.MychkaV. B.

ведущий научный сотрудник отдела системных гипертензий

Москва

Moscow

ИльинаЛ. М.IlyinaL. M.

к.м.н., секретарь

Москва

Moscow

ТолстовС. Н.TolstovS. N.

заведующий кардиологическим отделением

Саратов

Saratov

ФГУ Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. В.И. Кулакова МинздравсоцразвитияV.I. Kulakov Research Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and PerinatologyИнститут клинической кардиологии им. А.Л. Мясникова ФГУ РКНПК Минздравсоцразвития РоссииA.L. Myasnikov Research Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Scientific and Clinical ComplexАссоциация гинекологов-эндокринологовAssociation of Gynecologists-EndocrinologistsМУЗ 1-я Городская клиническая больница им. Ю.Я. ГордееваYu.Ya. Gordeev City Clinical Hospital No. 1201120082011104128135Copyright © Юренева С.В., Мычка В.Б., Ильина Л.М., Толстов С.Н., 20112011Юренева С.В., Мычка В.Б., Ильина Л.М., Толстов С.Н.Yureneva S.V., Mychka V.B., Ilyina L.M., Tolstov S.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1909

Несмотря на определенные успехи, достигнутые в последние годы, проблема сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) у женщин остается одним из главных вызовов 21 века, социально-экономическое бремя которой будет возрастать в связи с резким увеличением числа женщин старшего возраста. В последние годы кардиологи все больше внимания стали уделять менопаузе, как специфическому фактору риска ССЗ у женщин. Однако определенным осложнениям беременности, преждевременному “выключению” функции яичников, также способствующим повышению риска сердечно-сосудистых событий в последующие годы, не придается должного значения. Несомненно, заместительная гормональная терапия остается терапией первой линии и самым эффективным методом лечения эстрогенного дефицита у молодых женщин и менопаузальных симптомов в постменопаузе; залогом ее эффективности и безопасности являются правильные сроки назначения, низкая доза и подходящая для конкретной пациентки комбинация эстрогенов/прогестинов. Междисциплинарный подход крайне важен для своевременного выявления женщин с повышенным риском, поскольку предоставление им рекомендаций по изменению образа жизни, проведение необходимых диагностических процедур и, в случае необходимости, активное терапевтическое вмешательство будут содействовать сокращению риска ССЗ у этих женщин в последующем.

Despite certain success in the recent years, the problem of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women remains one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Its social and economic burden will continue to increase, due to increasing proportion of older women in the population. Recently, cardiologists have been focusing on menopause as a specific CVD risk factor in women. At the same time, other conditions, also increasing CVD risk, such as certain pregnancy complications and premature menopause, have not received enough attention. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) remains the first-line treatment and the most effective strategy in young women with estrogen deficiency and postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms. HRT effectiveness and safety is based on its timely start, low dose, and individually appropriate combination of estrogens and progestins. Interdisciplinary approach is essential for early identification of high-risk women, since lifestyle modification recommendations, diagnostic procedures, and, if needed, an active therapeutic intervention could reduce future CVD incidence in these women.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.