cardiovascularКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактикаCardiovascular Therapy and Prevention1728-88002619-0125«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.15829/1728-8800-2019-1930cardiovascular-1930Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМедико-социальные особенности больных ишемической болезнью сердца с различным уровнем депрессииMedical and social features of patients with coronary artery disease and depressionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-6168НагибинаЮ. В.NagibinaYu. V.

Нагибина Юлия Витальевна — ассистент кафедры сестринского дела медико-профилактического факультета.

Москва.

Тел.: +7 (915) 171-86-65

Moscow.

nagibina80@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-6357КубареваМ. И.KubarevaM. I.

Кубарева Марина Игоревна — ассистент кафедры.

Москва.

Moscow.

kubarevam@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5644-428XКнязеваД. С.KnyazevaD. S.

Князева Дарья Сергеевна — студентка 2 курса, факультет: Международная школа “Медицина будущего”.

Москва.

Moscow.

dawakniazewa@yandex.ruПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University201923032020186142151Copyright © Нагибина Ю.В., Кубарева М.И., Князева Д.С., 20192019Нагибина Ю.В., Кубарева М.И., Князева Д.С.Nagibina Y.V., Kubareva M.I., Knyazeva D.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1930

В статье отражена актуальность оценки медицинских, медико-социальных и психологических показателей, определяющих уровень качества жизни (КЖ) и риск развития депрессии у больных сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Установлено, что психологические расстройства оказывают отрицательное влияние на больных ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) и прогнозируют ухудшение общего здоровья и КЖ. Именно поэтому клинические проявления ИБС необходимо расценивать как последствие поведенческий реакций депрессивных больных. В ходе проведенного анализа сделан вывод о влиянии депрессии не только на здоровье пациента, но и на его психофизиологические особенности. В связи с этим, главным предметом изучения становится вопрос об отношении депрессии к появлению конкретных медико-социальных особенностей человека. Это обосновывает необходимость своевременного выявления депрессии и воздействия на совокупность психосоциальных факторов с целью повышения результативности комплексных лечебно-профилактических программ для больных ИБС и улучшения их КЖ. 

The article reflects the relevance of determining medical, social and psychological parameters that determine the quality of life (QOL) and depression risk in cardiovascular patients. It has been established that psychological disorders have a negative effect on patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and are the predictors of health and QOL decline. That is why the clinical manifestations of CAD should be regarded as a result of the behavioral response of patients with depression. During analysis, it was concluded that depression effects not only on the health, but also on psychophysiological characteristics. In this regard, the main subject of study is the relationship of depression to the specific medical and social characteristics of a person. This justifies the need for timely diagnosis of depression and work with psychosocial factors in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment and prevention measures in CAD patients and improve their QOL.

медико-социальные особенностидепрессиякачество жизниоценкаишемическая болезнь сердцапсихосоциальные факторыmedical and social characteristicsdepressionquality of lifeassessmentcoronary artery diseasepsychosocial factorsReferencesBrundtland GH. Mental health in the 21st century. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2000;78:411.Brundtland GH. Mental health in the 21st century. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2000;78:411.Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpu S, et al. on behalf of the INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART Study): case-control study. The Lancet. 2004;364:937-52. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9.Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpu S, et al. on behalf of the INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART Study): case-control study. The Lancet. 2004;364:937-52. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9.Carney RM, Freedland KE. Depression in patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Med. 2008;121(11 Suppl 2):S20-7. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.010.Carney RM, Freedland KE. Depression in patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Med. 2008;121(11 Suppl 2):S20-7. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.010.Погосова Г. В. Депрессия — новый фактор риска ишемической болезни сердца и предиктор коронарной смерти. Кардиология. 2002;4:86-91.Pogosova GV. Depression is a new risk factor for coronary heart disease and a predictor of coronary death. Cardiology. 2002;4:86-91. (In Russ.)Дробижев М. Ю., Дробижева К. Ю. Клинико¬экономический анализ программы КОМПАС. Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии им. М. В. Бехтерева. 2006;1(03):12-7.Drobizhev MYu, Drobizheva KYu. Clinical and economic analysis of the COMPASS program. Review of psychiatry and medical psychology. V. M. Bekhterev. 2006;1(03):12-7. (In Russ.)Strik JJ, Lousberga R, Cheriexb EC, Honiga A. One-year cumulative incidence of depression following myocardial infarction and impact on cardiac outcome. J Psychosom Res. 2004;56:59-66. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00380-5.Strik JJ, Lousberga R, Cheriexb EC, Honiga A. One-year cumulative incidence of depression following myocardial infarction and impact on cardiac outcome. J Psychosom Res. 2004;56:59-66. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00380-5.Довженко Т. В. Расстройства депрессивного спектра с кардиалгическим синдромом у больных сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (клиника, диагностика, терапия). Социальная и клиническая психиатрия. 2011;21(4):5-13.Dovzhenko TV. Depressive spectrum disorders with cardialgic syndrome in patients with cardiovascular diseases (clinic, diagnosis, therapy). Social and clinical psychiatry. 2011;21 (4):5-13. (In Russ.)Погосова Г. В. Депрессия — фактор риска развития ишемической болезни сердца и предиктор коронарной смерти: 10 лет научного поиска. Кардиология. 2012;12:4-11.Pogosova GV. Depression is a risk factor for coronary heart disease and a predictor of coronary death: 10 years of scientific research. Cardiology. 2012;12:4-11. (In Russ.)Nicholson A, Kuper H, Hemingway H. Depression as an aetiologic and prognostic factor in coronary heart disease: a metaanalysis of 6362 events among 146 538 participants in 54 observational studies. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2763-74. doi:101093/eurheartj/ehl338.Nicholson A, Kuper H, Hemingway H. Depression as an aetiologic and prognostic factor in coronary heart disease: a metaanalysis of 6362 events among 146 538 participants in 54 observational studies. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2763-74. doi:101093/eurheartj/ehl338.Huang KL, Su TP, Chen TJ, et al. Comorbidity of cardiovascular diseases with mood and anxiety disorder: a population based 4-year study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009;63(3):401-409. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01974.x.Huang KL, Su TP, Chen TJ, et al. Comorbidity of cardiovascular diseases with mood and anxiety disorder: a population based 4-year study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009;63(3):401-409. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01974.x.Leung YW, Flora DB, Gravely S, et al. The Impact of Premorbid and Postmorbid Depression Onset on Mortality and Cardiac Morbidity Among Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: MetaAnalysis. Psychosom Med. 2012;74(8):786-801. doi:10.1097/PSY.1090b1013e31826ddbed.Leung YW, Flora DB, Gravely S, et al. The Impact of Premorbid and Postmorbid Depression Onset on Mortality and Cardiac Morbidity Among Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: MetaAnalysis. Psychosom Med. 2012;74(8):786-801. doi:10.1097/PSY.1090b1013e31826ddbed.Petrova MM, Ayvazyan TA, Fandyukhin SA. Quality of life in men after myocardial infarction. Kardiologiia. 2000;2:65-6. (In Russ.) Петрова М. М., Айвазян Т. А., Фандюхин С. А. Качество жизни у мужчин, перенесших инфаркт миокарда. Кардиология. 2000;2:65-6.Petrova MM, Ayvazyan TA, Fandyukhin SA. Quality of life in men after myocardial infarction. Kardiologiia. 2000;2:65-6. (In Russ.)Nabi H, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, et al. Effects of depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease and their interactive associations on mortality in middle-aged adults: The Whitehall II cohort study. Heart. 2010;96:1645-50. doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.198507.Nabi H, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, et al. Effects of depressive symptoms and coronary heart disease and their interactive associations on mortality in middle-aged adults: The Whitehall II cohort study. Heart. 2010;96:1645-50. doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.198507.Ladwig KH, Lederbogen F, Albus C, et al. Position paper on the importance of psychosocial factors in cardiology: update 2013. Ger Med Sci. 2014; 12. doi:10.3205/000194.Ladwig KH, Lederbogen F, Albus C, et al. Position paper on the importance of psychosocial factors in cardiology: update 2013. Ger Med Sci. 2014; 12. doi:10.3205/000194.Бродовская Е.П., Германова О. А., Ротарь О. П. и др. Европейские клинические рекомендации по профилактике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Рекомендации Европейского Общества Кардиологов (пересмотр 2012г). Российский кардиологический журнал. 2012;(4),прил.2:1-84.Brodovskaya EP, Germanova OA, Rotar' OP, et al. European clinical guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention. Recommendations of the European society of Cardiology (2012 revision). Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2012;(4), Annex.2:1-84. (In Russ.)Shah AJ, Veledar E, Hong Y, et al. Depression and History of Attempted Suicide as Risk Factors for Heart Disease Mortality in Young Individuals. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(11):1135-42. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.125.Shah AJ, Veledar E, Hong Y, et al. Depression and History of Attempted Suicide as Risk Factors for Heart Disease Mortality in Young Individuals. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(11):1135-42. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.125.Кувшинова Н. Ю. Оценка качества жизни больных ишемической болезнью во взаимосвязи с эмоционально-личностными характеристиками. Известия Самарского научного центра Российской академии наук. 2010;12,3(2):397-401.Kuvshinova NYu. Assessment of the quality of life of patients with ischemic disease in relation to emotional and personal characteristics. Proceedings of the Samara scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2010;12,3(2):397-401. (In Russ.)Ye S, Muntner P, Shimbo D, et al. Behavioral Mechanisms, Elevated Depressive Symptoms, and the Risk for Myocardial Infarction or Death in Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease (A Reason for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke [REGARDS] Study). JACC. 2013;61(6):622-30. doi:101016/j.jacc.2012.09.058.Ye S, Muntner P, Shimbo D, et al. Behavioral Mechanisms, Elevated Depressive Symptoms, and the Risk for Myocardial Infarction or Death in Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease (A Reason for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke [REGARDS] Study). JACC. 2013;61(6):622-30. doi:101016/j.jacc.2012.09.058.Белялов В. И. Депрессия, тревога и стресс у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца. Терапевтический архив. 2017;8:104-9.Belyalov VI. Depression, anxiety and stress in patients with coronary heart disease. Therapeutic archive. 2017;8:104-9. (In Russ.)Акимова Е. В., Каюмова М. М., Гакова Е. И. и др. Ассоциации ишемической болезни сердца с некоторыми психосоциальными факторами риска в мужской популяции 25-64 лет. Кардиология. 2012;12:12-6.Akimova EV, Kayumova MM, Gakova EI, et al. Associations of coronary heart disease with some psychosocial risk factors in the male population aged 25-64. Kardiologiia. 2012;12:12-6. (In Russ.)Janszky I, Ahnve S, Lundberg I, Hemmingsson T. Early-onset depression, anxiety and risk of subsequent coronary heart disease: 37-year follow-up of 49,321 young Swedish men. JACC. 2010;56:31-7. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.033.Janszky I, Ahnve S, Lundberg I, Hemmingsson T. Early-onset depression, anxiety and risk of subsequent coronary heart disease: 37-year follow-up of 49,321 young Swedish men. JACC. 2010;56:31-7. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.033.Kudielka BM, Buske-Kirschbaum A, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C. HPA axis responses to laboratory psychosocial stress in healthy elderly adults, younger adults, and children: Impact of age and gender. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004;29:83-98. doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00146-4.Kudielka BM, Buske-Kirschbaum A, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C. HPA axis responses to laboratory psychosocial stress in healthy elderly adults, younger adults, and children: Impact of age and gender. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004;29:83-98. doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00146-4.Gasse C, Laursen TM, Baune BT. Major depression and firsttime hospitalization with ischemic heart disease, cardiac procedures and mortality in the general population: a retrospective Danish population-based cohort study. Eur J Prev Card. 2014;21:532-40. doi:101177/2047487312467874.Gasse C, Laursen TM, Baune BT. Major depression and firsttime hospitalization with ischemic heart disease, cardiac procedures and mortality in the general population: a retrospective Danish population-based cohort study. Eur J Prev Card. 2014;21:532-40. doi:101177/2047487312467874.Sims M, Redmond N, Khodneva Y, et al. Depressive symptoms are associated with incident coronary' heart disease or revascularization among blacks but not among whites in the reasons for geographical and racial differences in stroke study. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25:426-32. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.014.Sims M, Redmond N, Khodneva Y, et al. Depressive symptoms are associated with incident coronary' heart disease or revascularization among blacks but not among whites in the reasons for geographical and racial differences in stroke study. Ann Epidemiol. 2015;25:426-32. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.03.014.Win S, Parakh K, Eze-Nliam CM, et al. Depressive symptoms, physical inactivity and risk of cardiovascular mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Heart. 2011;97(6):500-5. doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.209767.Win S, Parakh K, Eze-Nliam CM, et al. Depressive symptoms, physical inactivity and risk of cardiovascular mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Heart. 2011;97(6):500-5. doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.209767.Papasavvas T, Alhashemi M, Micklewright D. Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Disease: A Meta-analysis. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2017;37(4):239-49. doi:10.1097/HCR.0000000000000193.Papasavvas T, Alhashemi M, Micklewright D. Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Disease: A Meta-analysis. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2017;37(4):239-49. doi:10.1097/HCR.0000000000000193.Гарганеева Н.П., Петрова М.М., Евсюков А.А. и др. Влияние депрессии на течение ишемической болезни сердца и качество жизни пациентов. Klin med. 2014;12:30-7.Garganeyeva NP, Petrova MM, Evsyukov AA, et al. Influence of depression on the course of coronary heart disease and quality of life of patients. Klin med. 2014;12:30-7. (In Russ.)Kronish IM, Rieckmann N, Halm EA, et al. Persistent depression affects adherence to secondary prevention behaviors after acute coronary syndromes. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(11):1178-83. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00586.x.Kronish IM, Rieckmann N, Halm EA, et al. Persistent depression affects adherence to secondary prevention behaviors after acute coronary syndromes. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(11):1178-83. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00586.x.Cooney MT, Kotseva K, Dudina A, et al. Determinants of risk factor control in subjects with coronary heart disease: a report from the EUROASPIRE III investigators. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013;20(4):686-91. doi:10.1177/2047487312445562.Cooney MT, Kotseva K, Dudina A, et al. Determinants of risk factor control in subjects with coronary heart disease: a report from the EUROASPIRE III investigators. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013;20(4):686-91. doi:10.1177/2047487312445562.Gellis ZD, Kang-Yi C. Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation Interventions on Depression Outcomes in Adults 64 Years of Age and Older. The Am J Cardiology. 2012;110(9):1219-24. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.06.021.Gellis ZD, Kang-Yi C. Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation Interventions on Depression Outcomes in Adults 64 Years of Age and Older. The Am J Cardiology. 2012;110(9):1219-24. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.06.021.Le-Ha C, Herbison CE, Beilin LJ, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity under resting conditions and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016;66:18-24. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.002.Le-Ha C, Herbison CE, Beilin LJ, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity under resting conditions and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016;66:18-24. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.002.Reynolds RM, Labad J, Strachan MWJ, et al. Elevated fasting plasma cortisol is associated with ischemic heart disease and its risk factors in people with type2 diabetes: the edinburgh type 2 diabetes study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;1602-8. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2112.Reynolds RM, Labad J, Strachan MWJ, et al. Elevated fasting plasma cortisol is associated with ischemic heart disease and its risk factors in people with type2 diabetes: the edinburgh type 2 diabetes study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;1602-8. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2112.Huo Y, Chu Y, Guo L, et al. Cortisol is associated with low frequency of interleukin 10-producing B cells in patients with atherosclerosis. Cell Biochem Funct. 2017;35:178-83. doi:10.1002/cbf.3262.Huo Y, Chu Y, Guo L, et al. Cortisol is associated with low frequency of interleukin 10-producing B cells in patients with atherosclerosis. Cell Biochem Funct. 2017;35:178-83. doi:10.1002/cbf.3262.Arnold SV, Spertus JA, Ciechanowski PS, et al. Psychosocial Modulators of Angina Response to Myocardial Ischemia. Circulation. 2009;120(2):126-33. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.806034.Arnold SV, Spertus JA, Ciechanowski PS, et al. Psychosocial Modulators of Angina Response to Myocardial Ischemia. Circulation. 2009;120(2):126-33. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.806034.Рыжова Т. А., Бичан Н. А. Факторы риска и особенности течения инфаркта миокарда у женщин пожилого и старческого возраста. Кардиология. 2012;12:24-7.Ryzhova TA, Bichan NA. Risk factors and peculiarities of myocardial infarction in elderly and senile women. Kardiologiia 2012;12:24-7. (In Russ.)Tobaldini E, Costantino G, Solbiati M, et al. Sleep, sleep deprivation, autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;74(Pt B):321-9. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.004.Tobaldini E, Costantino G, Solbiati M, et al. Sleep, sleep deprivation, autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;74(Pt B):321-9. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.004.Lao XQ, Liu X, Deng H-B, et al. Sleep quality sleep duration, and the risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective cohort study with 60,586 adults. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14:109-17. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6894.Lao XQ, Liu X, Deng H-B, et al. Sleep quality sleep duration, and the risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective cohort study with 60,586 adults. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14:109-17. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6894.Strand LB, Tsai MK, Gunnell D, et al. Self-reported sleep duration and coronary heart disease mortality: a large cohort study of 400,000 Taiwanese adults. Int J Cardiol. 2016;207:246-51. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.119.Strand LB, Tsai MK, Gunnell D, et al. Self-reported sleep duration and coronary heart disease mortality: a large cohort study of 400,000 Taiwanese adults. Int J Cardiol. 2016;207:246-51. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.119.Dumaine JE, Ashley NT. Acute sleep fragmentation induces tissue-specific changes in cytokine gene expression and increases serum corticosterone concentration. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2015;308:R1062-9. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00049.2015.Dumaine JE, Ashley NT. Acute sleep fragmentation induces tissue-specific changes in cytokine gene expression and increases serum corticosterone concentration. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2015;308:R1062-9. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00049.2015.Castro-Diehl C, Diez Roux AV, Redline S, et al. Sleep duration and quality in relation to autonomic nervous system measures: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Sleep. 2016;39:1927-40. doi:10.5665/sleep.6218.Castro-Diehl C, Diez Roux AV, Redline S, et al. Sleep duration and quality in relation to autonomic nervous system measures: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Sleep. 2016;39:1927-40. doi:10.5665/sleep.6218.Brunner EJ, Hemingway H, Walker BR, et al. Adrenocortical, autonomic, and inflammatory causes of the metabolic syndrome. Circulation. 2002;106:2659-65. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000038364.26310.BD.Brunner EJ, Hemingway H, Walker BR, et al. Adrenocortical, autonomic, and inflammatory causes of the metabolic syndrome. Circulation. 2002;106:2659-65. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000038364.26310.BD.Fioranelli M, Bottaccioli AG, Bottaccioli F, et al. Roccia.Stress and Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease: A Review Psychoneuroendocrineimmunology-Based. Front Immunol. 2018; doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02031.Fioranelli M, Bottaccioli AG, Bottaccioli F, et al. Roccia.Stress and Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease: A Review Psychoneuroendocrineimmunology-Based. Front Immunol. 2018; doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02031.Marmot MG, Rose G, Shipley M, Hamilton PJS. Employment grade and coronary heart disease in British civil servants. J Epidemiol Commun Health. 1978;32:244-9. doi:10.1136/jech.32.4.244.Marmot MG, Rose G, Shipley M, Hamilton PJS. Employment grade and coronary heart disease in British civil servants. J Epidemiol Commun Health. 1978;32:244-9. doi:10.1136/jech.32.4.244.Brunner EJ. Social factors and cardiovascular morbidity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;74(Pt B):260-8. doi:101016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.004.Brunner EJ. Social factors and cardiovascular morbidity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;74(Pt B):260-8. doi:101016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.004.Steptoe A, Kivimaki M. Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update on current knowledge. Annu Rev Public Health. 2013;34:337-54. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114452.Steptoe A, Kivimaki M. Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update on current knowledge. Annu Rev Public Health. 2013;34:337-54. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114452.Saban KL, Mathews HL, DeVon HA, Janusek LW. Epigenetics and social context: implications for disparity in cardiovascular disease. Aging Dis. 2014;5:346-55. doi:10.14336/AD.2014.0500346.Saban KL, Mathews HL, DeVon HA, Janusek LW. Epigenetics and social context: implications for disparity in cardiovascular disease. Aging Dis. 2014;5:346-55. doi:10.14336/AD.2014.0500346.Hori R, Hayano J, Kimura K, Shibata N. Psychosocial factors are preventive against coronary events in Japanese men with coronary artery disease: the eastern collaborative group study 7.7-year follow-up experience. Biopsychosoc Med. 2015;9:3. doi:10.1186/s13030-015-0030-8.Hori R, Hayano J, Kimura K, Shibata N. Psychosocial factors are preventive against coronary events in Japanese men with coronary artery disease: the eastern collaborative group study 7.7-year follow-up experience. Biopsychosoc Med. 2015;9:3. doi:10.1186/s13030-015-0030-8.Eaker ED, Sullivan LM, Kelly-Hayes M, et al. Tension and anxiety and the prediction of the 10-year incidence of coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and total mortality: The Framingham Offspring Study. Psychosom Med. 2005;67:692. doi:101097/01.psy.0000174050.87193.96.Eaker ED, Sullivan LM, Kelly-Hayes M, et al. Tension and anxiety and the prediction of the 10-year incidence of coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and total mortality: The Framingham Offspring Study. Psychosom Med. 2005;67:692. doi:101097/01.psy.0000174050.87193.96.Scherrer JF, Chrusciel T, Angelique Zeringue A, et al. Anxiety Disorders Increase Risk for Incident Myocardial Infarction in Depressed and Nondepressed Veterans Administration Patients. Am Heart J. 2010;159:772-9. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2010.02.033.Scherrer JF, Chrusciel T, Angelique Zeringue A, et al. Anxiety Disorders Increase Risk for Incident Myocardial Infarction in Depressed and Nondepressed Veterans Administration Patients. Am Heart J. 2010;159:772-9. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2010.02.033.Rosengren A, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11 119 cases and 13 648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438): 953-62. doI:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17019-0.Rosengren A, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11 119 cases and 13 648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438): 953-62. doI:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17019-0.Kivimaki M, Nyberg ST, Batty GD, et al. Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. The Lancet. 2012;380:1491-7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60994-5.Kivimaki M, Nyberg ST, Batty GD, et al. Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. The Lancet. 2012;380:1491-7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60994-5.Milani RV, Lavie CJ. Reducing Psychosocial Stress: A Novel Mechanism of Improving Survival from Exercise Training. The American Journal of Medicine. 2009;122(10):931-8. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.028.Milani RV, Lavie CJ. Reducing Psychosocial Stress: A Novel Mechanism of Improving Survival from Exercise Training. The American Journal of Medicine. 2009;122(10):931-8. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.028.Gallo LC, Roesch SC, Fortmann AL, et al. Associations of Chronic Stress Burden, Perceived Stress, and Traumatic Stress With Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence and Risk Factors in the Hispanic Community Health Study. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2014;76:468-75. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000069.Gallo LC, Roesch SC, Fortmann AL, et al. Associations of Chronic Stress Burden, Perceived Stress, and Traumatic Stress With Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence and Risk Factors in the Hispanic Community Health Study. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2014;76:468-75. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000069.Оганов Р. Г., Ольбинская Л.И., Смулевич А. Б. и др. Депрессии и расстройства депрессивного спектра в общемедицинской практике. Предварительные результаты программы КОМПАС. Кардиология. 2004;1:48-55.Oganov RG, Ol'binskaya LI, Smulevich AB, et al. Depression and depressive spectrum disorders in General medical practice. Preliminary results of the COMPASS program. Kardiologiia. 2004;1:48-55. (In Russ.)Dickens C, Cherrington A, Adeyemi I, et al. Characteristics of Psychological Interventions That Improve Depression in People With Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2013;75:211-21. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31827ac009.Dickens C, Cherrington A, Adeyemi I, et al. Characteristics of Psychological Interventions That Improve Depression in People With Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2013;75:211-21. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31827ac009.Richard VM, Carl JL, Mandeep RM, et al. Impact of Exercise Training and Depression on Survival in Heart Failure Due to Coronary Heart Disease. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2011;107(1):64. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.08.047.Richard VM, Carl JL, Mandeep RM, et al. Impact of Exercise Training and Depression on Survival in Heart Failure Due to Coronary Heart Disease. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2011;107(1):64. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.08.047.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.