<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-2043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МНЕНИЕ ПО ПРОБЛЕМЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPINION ON A PROBLEM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ацетилсалициловая кислота как антитромбоцитарное средство: какие лекарственные формы препарата предпочтительны с позиций доказательной медицины?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acetylsalicylic acid as an anti-platelet agent: what forms should be used, according to evidence-based medicine?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверков</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Averkov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры кардиологии и клинической фармакологии ФПК МР</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg.averkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов. Москва</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Peoples` Friendship University. Moscow</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аверков О.В., 2010</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аверков О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Averkov O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2043">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2043</self-uri><abstract><p>В аналитической статье приведены рассуждения о доказательствах эффективности, плюсах и минусах одного из наиболее изученных антитромбоцитарных средств – ацетилсалициловой кислоты (АСК). Убедительные положительные результаты клинических испытаний и, так называемая, “желудочная токсичность” АСК – Аспирина, вместе с необходимостью длительного применения препарата в качестве антиагреганта, стали основанием появления различных лекарственных форм Аспирина: растворимых, с контролируемым высвобождением, покрытых кишечных, локальных (накожных), буферных, а также комбинированных средств, сочетающих в себе АСК и вещества с антацидным эффектом. К настоящему времени наиболее убедительные доказательства щадящего действия на слизистую желудка получены для покрытых кишечных форм Аспирина. Особенности биодоступности, различия в лабораторных эффектах, желудочно-кишечной переносимости и безопасности различных форм Аспирина не могут быть окончательной мерой при выборе препарата. Финальным критерием целесообразности применения какой-либо из многочисленных форм АСК могут быть, прежде всего, данные о способности снижать риск событий, предотвращению которых должно способствовать назначение препарата. В многочисленной доказательной базе Аспирина, как антитромбоцитарного средства, большая часть информации пришла из результатов исследований, выполненных с обычной АСК. Убедительные аргументы в пользу применения, в т.ч. данные о снижении смертности, есть у покрытых кишечных форм этого препарата. У других “улучшенных” форм Аспирина, включая буферные, растворимые и комбинированные с антацидом, доказательства эффективности подобного уровня отсутствуют и их предлагают использовать лишь на основании схожести лабораторных эффектов и ожидаемой меньшей “желудочной токсичности”.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This analytic paper reviews the evidence on effectiveness, benefits and limitations of one of the best-studied antiplatelet agents – acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The results of clinical trials, together with so called “gastro-toxicity” of ASA, or Aspirin, and a need for long-term anti-platelet therapy, were the basis for development of various Aspirin forms – soluble, with controlled release, enteric-coated, local (cutaneous), buffer, and combined (Aspirin plus antacids). Currently, the minimal gastro-toxicity has been demonstrated for enteric-coated forms. Specifics of bio-availability, laboratory effects, gastro-intestinal tolerability, and safety could not be the main criteria for choosing a medication form. The choice of an ASA form is defined by the evidence on risk reduction by this form. The extensive evidence on Aspirin as an anti-platelet agent has been obtained in clinical trials using standard ASA. For enteric-coated ASA forms, the evidence on end-point reduction, including mortality reduction, is also available. For other “improved” Aspirin forms, such as buffer, soluble and combined, this evidence is lacking; therefore, their choice could be based only on similarity of laboratory effects and expected lower gastro-toxicity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ацетилсалициловая кислота</kwd><kwd>антиагреганты</kwd><kwd>вторичная и первичная профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acetylsalicylic acid</kwd><kwd>anti-aggregants</kwd><kwd>secondary and primary prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antiplatelet Trialist' Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy: I. Prevention of death myocardial infarction and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 1994; 308: 81-106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antiplatelet Trialist' Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy: I. Prevention of death myocardial infarction and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 1994; 308: 81-106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antiplatelet Trialist' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324: 71-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antiplatelet Trialist' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324: 71-86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patrono С., Bachmann F., Baigent C. et al. The task force on the use of antiplatelet agents in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Expert consensus document on the use of antiplatelet agents. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 166-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patrono С., Bachmann F., Baigent C. et al. The task force on the use of antiplatelet agents in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Expert consensus document on the use of antiplatelet agents. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 166-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events trial investigators. Effect of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 494-502.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events trial investigators. Effect of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 494-502.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clarke R.J., Mayo G., Price P., Fitzgerald G.A. Suppresion of thromboxane A2 but not systemic prostacyclin by controlled-released aspirin. N Eng J Med 1991; 325: 1137-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clarke R.J., Mayo G., Price P., Fitzgerald G.A. Suppresion of thromboxane A2 but not systemic prostacyclin by controlled-released aspirin. N Eng J Med 1991; 325: 1137-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keimowitz R.M., Pulvermacher G., Mayo G., Fitzgerald D.J. Aspirin and platelets: transdermal modification of platelet function: a dermal aspirin preparation selectively inhibits platelet function; a dermal aspirin preparation selectively inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase and preserve prostacyclin biosynthesis. Circulation 1993; 88: 556-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keimowitz R.M., Pulvermacher G., Mayo G., Fitzgerald D.J. Aspirin and platelets: transdermal modification of platelet function: a dermal aspirin preparation selectively inhibits platelet function; a dermal aspirin preparation selectively inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase and preserve prostacyclin biosynthesis. Circulation 1993; 88: 556-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jaszewsky R. Frequency of gastroduodenal lesions in asymptomatic patients on chronic aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 1990; 12: 10-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jaszewsky R. Frequency of gastroduodenal lesions in asymptomatic patients on chronic aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 1990; 12: 10-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walker J., Robinson J., Stewart J. et al. Does enteric-coated aspirin result in a lower incidence of gastrointestinal complications compared to normal aspirin? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2007; 6(4): 519-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walker J., Robinson J., Stewart J. et al. Does enteric-coated aspirin result in a lower incidence of gastrointestinal complications compared to normal aspirin? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2007; 6(4): 519-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cole A.T., Hudson N., Liew L.C. et al. Protection of human gastric mucosa against aspirin-enteric coating or dose reduction? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13(2): 187-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cole A.T., Hudson N., Liew L.C. et al. Protection of human gastric mucosa against aspirin-enteric coating or dose reduction? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13(2): 187-93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savon J., Allen M.L., DiMarino A.J.Jr., et al. Gastrointestinal blood loss with low-dose (325 mg) plain and enteric-coated aspirin administration. Am J Gastrointerol 1995; 90: 581.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savon J., Allen M.L., DiMarino A.J.Jr., et al. Gastrointestinal blood loss with low-dose (325 mg) plain and enteric-coated aspirin administration. Am J Gastrointerol 1995; 90: 581.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelly J.P., Kaufman D.W., Jugelon J.M. et al. Risk of aspirin-associated major upper-gastrointestinal bleeding with enteric-coated or buffered product. Lancet 1996; 348: 1413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelly J.P., Kaufman D.W., Jugelon J.M. et al. Risk of aspirin-associated major upper-gastrointestinal bleeding with enteric-coated or buffered product. Lancet 1996; 348: 1413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hawthorne A.B., Mahida Y.R., Cole A.T., Hawkey C.J. Aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage; prevention by enteric-coating and relation to prostaglandin synthesis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 32: 77-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hawthorne A.B., Mahida Y.R., Cole A.T., Hawkey C.J. Aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage; prevention by enteric-coating and relation to prostaglandin synthesis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 32: 77-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dietz R., Rauch B. Leitlinie zur Diagnose und Behandlung der chronischen koronaren Herzerkrankung der Deutschen Gesellschaft fr Kardiologie -Herz-und Kreislaufforschung (DGK). Z Kardiol 2003; 92: 501-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dietz R., Rauch B. Leitlinie zur Diagnose und Behandlung der chronischen koronaren Herzerkrankung der Deutschen Gesellschaft fr Kardiologie -Herz-und Kreislaufforschung (DGK). Z Kardiol 2003; 92: 501-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group: Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 1988; 2: 349-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group: Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 1988; 2: 349-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baigent C., Collins R., Appleby P. et al. ISIS-2: 10 year survival among patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction in randomized comparision of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither. BMJ 1998; 316: 1337-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baigent C., Collins R., Appleby P. et al. ISIS-2: 10 year survival among patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction in randomized comparision of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither. BMJ 1998; 316: 1337-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collaborative Group of the Primary Prevention Project. Low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in people at cardiovascular risk: a randomised trial in general practice. Lancet 2001; 357: 89-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collaborative Group of the Primary Prevention Project. Low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in people at cardiovascular risk: a randomised trial in general practice. Lancet 2001; 357: 89-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
