<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2019-5-117-127</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-2289</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МНЕНИЕ ПО ПРОБЛЕМЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPINION ON A PROBLEM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аналитический комплекс биохимических маркеров для доклинической диагностики и профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analytical complex of biochemical markers for preclinical diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-3538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуманова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gumanova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гуманова Надежда Георгиевна — кандидат биологических наук., ведуўій научный сотрудник отдела изучения биохимических маркеров хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.</p><p>Москва, Тел.: +7 (905) 771-18-36, (499) 553-68-51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gumanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр профилактической медицины» Минзрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гуманова Н.Г., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гуманова Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gumanova N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2289">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2289</self-uri><abstract><p>Благодаря достижениям мировой научной мысли, клинико-диагностические лаборатории, и диагностические центры, получили в распоряжение возможность анализа огромного количества биохимических маркеров различной природы, и их арсенал год от года пополняется. В предлагаемой статье рассматривается комплекс валидных биомаркеров, объединенных с целью биомедицинской доклинической диагностики и профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В качестве обоснования выбора именно этих биохимических маркеров приведены триггерные процессы, лежащие в основе развития сердечно-сосудистой патологии, с которыми ассоциированы избранные биохимические маркеры. Диагностический комплекс составлен на основе принципа “необходимого и достаточного”, с учетом финансовой целесообразности, и возможности измерения избранных маркеров в широкой сети клинико-диагностических центров или лабораторий. Обзор предназначен в помощь клиницистам с целью более детального понимания начальных, доклинических, стадий сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, как самой распространенной причине смертности населения в России, а также для широкой аудитории, обучающейся или специализирующейся в области кардиологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Due to the achievements of world scientific thought, clinical diagnostic laboratories and diagnostic centers have been given the opportunity to analyze a huge number of biochemical markers of various nature, and their arsenal is replenished from year to year. This article discusses a complex of valid biomarkers, combined for the purpose of biomedical preclinical diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. As a justification for the choice of these biochemical markers, we gave trigger processes that underlie the development of cardiovascular pathology, with which selected biochemical markers are associated. The diagnostic complex is based on the “necessity and sufficiency” principle, taking into account financial feasibility, and the ability to measure selected markers in a wide network of clinical diagnostic centers or laboratories. The review is intended to help clinicians with a view to a more detailed understanding of the initial, preclinical stages of cardiovascular diseases, as the most common cause of mortality in Russia, as well as for a wide audience studying or specializing in cardiology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биохимические маркеры</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>диагностические тесты</kwd><kwd>валидация</kwd><kwd>доклиническая диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biochemical markers</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>diagnostic tests</kwd><kwd>validation</kwd><kwd>preclinical diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">нет</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atkinson Jr AJ, Colburn WA, De Gruttola VG, et al. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001;69(3):89-95. doi:10.1067/mcp.2001.113989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atkinson Jr AJ, Colburn WA, De Gruttola VG, et al. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001;69(3):89-95. doi:10.1067/mcp.2001.113989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gluud C, Gluud LL. Evidence based diagnostics. BMJ. 2005;330(7493):724-6. doi:10.1136/bmj.3307493724.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gluud C, Gluud LL. Evidence based diagnostics. BMJ. 2005;330(7493):724-6. doi:10.1136/bmj.3307493724.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson NL. The clinical plasma proteome: a survey of clinical assays for proteins in plasma and serum. Clin Chem. 2010;56(2):177-85. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.126706.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson NL. The clinical plasma proteome: a survey of clinical assays for proteins in plasma and serum. Clin Chem. 2010;56(2):177-85. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.126706.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sies H. Oxidative stress: a concept in redox biology and medicine. Redox Biol. 2015;4:180-3. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sies H. Oxidative stress: a concept in redox biology and medicine. Redox Biol. 2015;4:180-3. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong S, Li L, Shen X, et al. An update on lipid oxidation and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019; S0891-5849(19)30271-0. doi:10.1016/jReview. PubMed PMID: 30946962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong S, Li L, Shen X, et al. An update on lipid oxidation and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019; S0891-5849(19)30271-0. doi:10.1016/jReview. PubMed PMID: 30946962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ross R. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Am Heart J. 1999;138(5):S419. PMID: 10539839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ross R. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Am Heart J. 1999;138(5):S419. PMID: 10539839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thiele JR, Zeller J, Bannasch H, et al. Targeting C-Reactive Protein in Inflammatory Disease by Preventing Conformational Changes. Mediators Inflamm. 2015;372432. doi:10.1155/2015/372432.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thiele JR, Zeller J, Bannasch H, et al. Targeting C-Reactive Protein in Inflammatory Disease by Preventing Conformational Changes. Mediators Inflamm. 2015;372432. doi:10.1155/2015/372432.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ristagno G, Fumagalli F, Bottazzi B, et al. Pentraxin 3 in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Immunol. 2019;10:823. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00823. PubMed PMID: 31057548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ristagno G, Fumagalli F, Bottazzi B, et al. Pentraxin 3 in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Immunol. 2019;10:823. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00823. PubMed PMID: 31057548.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poredos P. C-reactive protein and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vasa. 2017;46(2):77-8. doi:10.1024/0301-1526/a000602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poredos P. C-reactive protein and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vasa. 2017;46(2):77-8. doi:10.1024/0301-1526/a000602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM, et al. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III); National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). NCEP defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older. Diabetes. 2003;52(5):1210-4. doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM, et al. Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III); National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). NCEP defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older. Diabetes. 2003;52(5):1210-4. doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avan A, Tavakoly Sany SB, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, et al. Serum C-reactive protein in the prediction of cardiovascular diseases: Overview of the latest clinical studies and public health practice. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(11):8508-25. doi:10.1002/jcp.26791.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avan A, Tavakoly Sany SB, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, et al. Serum C-reactive protein in the prediction of cardiovascular diseases: Overview of the latest clinical studies and public health practice. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(11):8508-25. doi:10.1002/jcp.26791.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacmeister L, Schwarzl M, Warnke S, et al. Inflammation and fibrosis in murine models of heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol. 2019;114(3): 19. doi:101007/s00395-019-0722-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bacmeister L, Schwarzl M, Warnke S, et al. Inflammation and fibrosis in murine models of heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol. 2019;114(3): 19. doi:101007/s00395-019-0722-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rupprecht HJ, Blankenberg S, Bickel C, et al. AutoGene Investigators. Impact of viral and bacterial infectious burden on long-term prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001;104(1):25-31. PMID: 11435333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rupprecht HJ, Blankenberg S, Bickel C, et al. AutoGene Investigators. Impact of viral and bacterial infectious burden on long-term prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2001;104(1):25-31. PMID: 11435333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jolles S, Jordan SC, Orange JS, et al. Immunoglobulins: current understanding and future directions. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;Suppl 1:163-8. doi:10.1111/cei.12555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jolles S, Jordan SC, Orange JS, et al. Immunoglobulins: current understanding and future directions. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;Suppl 1:163-8. doi:10.1111/cei.12555.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konukoglu D, Uzun H. Endothelial Dysfunction and Hypertension. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;956:511-40. doi:10.1007/5584_2016_90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konukoglu D, Uzun H. Endothelial Dysfunction and Hypertension. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;956:511-40. doi:10.1007/5584_2016_90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Della Corte VD, Tuttolomondo A, Pecoraro R, et al. Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Medicine. Curr Pharm Des. 2016; 22(30):4658-68. PMID: 27160758.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Della Corte VD, Tuttolomondo A, Pecoraro R, et al. Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction and Arterial Stiffness as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Medicine. Curr Pharm Des. 2016; 22(30):4658-68. PMID: 27160758.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devaraj S, Xu DY, Jialal I. C-reactive protein increases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and activity in human aortic endothelial cells: implications for the metabolic syndrome and atherothrombosis. Circulation. 2003;107(3):398-404. PMID: 12551862.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devaraj S, Xu DY, Jialal I. C-reactive protein increases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and activity in human aortic endothelial cells: implications for the metabolic syndrome and atherothrombosis. Circulation. 2003;107(3):398-404. PMID: 12551862.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pokharel DR, Khadka D, Sigdel M, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients according to WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and Harmonized criteria. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13(1):104. doi:10.1186/s40200-014-0104-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokharel DR, Khadka D, Sigdel M, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients according to WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and Harmonized criteria. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13(1):104. doi:10.1186/s40200-014-0104-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the U. S. Diabetes care. 2005;28(11):2745-9. PMID: 16249550.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the U. S. Diabetes care. 2005;28(11):2745-9. PMID: 16249550.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanson RL, Imperatore G, Bennett PH, et al. Components of the “metabolic syndrome” and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51(10):3120-7 PMID: 12351457.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanson RL, Imperatore G, Bennett PH, et al. Components of the “metabolic syndrome” and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51(10):3120-7 PMID: 12351457.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sattar N, Gaw A, Scherbakova O, et al. Metabolic syndrome with and without C-reactive protein as a predictor of coronary heart disease and diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation. 2003;108(4):414-9. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000080897.52664.94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sattar N, Gaw A, Scherbakova O, et al. Metabolic syndrome with and without C-reactive protein as a predictor of coronary heart disease and diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Circulation. 2003;108(4):414-9. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000080897.52664.94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malik S, Wong ND, Franklin SS, et al. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation. 2004;110(10):1245-50. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000140677.20606.0E.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malik S, Wong ND, Franklin SS, et al. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation. 2004;110(10):1245-50. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000140677.20606.0E.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tao Z, Shi A, Zhao J. Epidemiological Perspectives of Diabetes. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2015;73(1):181-5. doi:10.1007/s12013-015-0598-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tao Z, Shi A, Zhao J. Epidemiological Perspectives of Diabetes. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2015;73(1):181-5. doi:10.1007/s12013-015-0598-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inoue H. Central insulin-mediated regulation of hepatic glucose production [Review]. Endocr J. 2016;63(1):1-7. doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ15-0540.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inoue H. Central insulin-mediated regulation of hepatic glucose production [Review]. Endocr J. 2016;63(1):1-7. doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ15-0540.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown AE, Walker M. Genetics of Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2016;18(8):75. doi:10.1007/s11886-016-0755-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown AE, Walker M. Genetics of Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2016;18(8):75. doi:10.1007/s11886-016-0755-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holman GD. Chemical biology probes of mammalian GLUT structure and function. Biochemical J. 2018;475(22):3511-34. doi:10.1042/BCJ20170677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holman GD. Chemical biology probes of mammalian GLUT structure and function. Biochemical J. 2018;475(22):3511-34. doi:10.1042/BCJ20170677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412-9. PMID: 3899825.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412-9. PMID: 3899825.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim JK. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to assess insulin sensitivity in vivo. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;560:221-38, doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-448-3_15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim JK. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to assess insulin sensitivity in vivo. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;560:221-38, doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-448-3_15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gayoso-Diz P, Otero-Gonzalez A, Rodriguez-Alvarez MX, et al. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off values and the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of gender and age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2013;13(1):47. doi:10.1186/1472-6823-13-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gayoso-Diz P, Otero-Gonzalez A, Rodriguez-Alvarez MX, et al. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off values and the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of gender and age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2013;13(1):47. doi:10.1186/1472-6823-13-47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перова Н. В., Озерова И. Н., Александрович О. В. и др. Клиническое значение инсулинорезистентности при нормогликемии натощак. Кардиология. 2011;51(8):49-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perova NV, Ozerova IN, Aleksandrovich OV, et al. Clinical value of insulin resistance in fasting normoglycemia. Kardiologiia. 2011;51(8):49-54. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Stern MP. The homeostasis model in the San Antonio Heart Study. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(7):1087-92. PMID: 9203442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Stern MP. The homeostasis model in the San Antonio Heart Study. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(7):1087-92. PMID: 9203442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Helkin A, Stein JJ, Lin S, et al. Dyslipidemia Part 1-Review of Lipid Metabolism and Vascular Cell Physiology. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2016;50(2):107-18. doi:10.1177/1538574416628654.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Helkin A, Stein JJ, Lin S, et al. Dyslipidemia Part 1-Review of Lipid Metabolism and Vascular Cell Physiology. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2016;50(2):107-18. doi:10.1177/1538574416628654.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rawla P, Sunkara T, Thandra KC, et al. Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis: updated review of current treatment and preventive strategies. Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology. 2018;11(6):441-8. doi:10.1007/s12328-018-0881-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rawla P, Sunkara T, Thandra KC, et al. Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis: updated review of current treatment and preventive strategies. Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology. 2018;11(6):441-8. doi:10.1007/s12328-018-0881-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexopoulos AS, Qamar A, Hutchins K, et al. Triglycerides: Emerging Targets in Diabetes Care? Curr Diab Rep. 2019;19(4):13. doi:10.1007/s11892-019-1136-3. PMID: 30806837.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexopoulos AS, Qamar A, Hutchins K, et al. Triglycerides: Emerging Targets in Diabetes Care? Curr Diab Rep. 2019;19(4):13. doi:10.1007/s11892-019-1136-3. PMID: 30806837.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roubille F, Sultan A, Huet F, et al. Is hypertriglyceridemia atherogenic? La Presse Medicale. 2018;47(9):757-63. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2018.08.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roubille F, Sultan A, Huet F, et al. Is hypertriglyceridemia atherogenic? La Presse Medicale. 2018;47(9):757-63. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2018.08.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inayat F, Zafar F, Baig AS, et al. Hypertriglyceridemic Pancreatitis Treated with Insulin Therapy: A Comparative Review of 34 Cases. Cureus. 2018;10(10). doi:10.7759/cureus.3501.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inayat F, Zafar F, Baig AS, et al. Hypertriglyceridemic Pancreatitis Treated with Insulin Therapy: A Comparative Review of 34 Cases. Cureus. 2018;10(10). doi:10.7759/cureus.3501.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mollazadeh H, Carbone F, Montecucco F. Oxidative burden in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(8):5716-25. doi:10.1002/jcp.26466.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mollazadeh H, Carbone F, Montecucco F. Oxidative burden in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Cell Physiol. 2018;233(8):5716-25. doi:10.1002/jcp.26466.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Getz G, Reardon C. Apoprotein E and Reverse Cholesterol Transport. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(11):3479. doi:10.3390/ijms19113479.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Getz G, Reardon C. Apoprotein E and Reverse Cholesterol Transport. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(11):3479. doi:10.3390/ijms19113479.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R, et al. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths. The Lancet. 2007;370(9602):1829-39. PMID: 18061058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R, et al. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths. The Lancet. 2007;370(9602):1829-39. PMID: 18061058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson KM, Castelli WP, Levy D. Cholesterol and mortality. 30 years of follow-up from the Framingham study. JAMA. 1987;257(16):2176-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson KM, Castelli WP, Levy D. Cholesterol and mortality. 30 years of follow-up from the Framingham study. JAMA. 1987;257(16):2176-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenson RS. The High-Density Lipoprotein Puzzle: Why Classic Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology, and Clinical Trials Conflict? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36(5):777-82. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.307024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenson RS. The High-Density Lipoprotein Puzzle: Why Classic Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology, and Clinical Trials Conflict? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36(5):777-82. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.307024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang JC. Hemostasis based on a novel 'two-path unifying theory' and classification of hemostatic disorders. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2018;29(7):573-84. doi:10.1097/MBC.0000000000000765.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang JC. Hemostasis based on a novel 'two-path unifying theory' and classification of hemostatic disorders. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2018;29(7):573-84. doi:10.1097/MBC.0000000000000765.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asada Y, Yamashita A, Sato Y, et al. Thrombus Formation and Propagation in the Onset of Cardiovascular Events. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2018;25(8):653-64. doi:10.5551/jat.RV17022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asada Y, Yamashita A, Sato Y, et al. Thrombus Formation and Propagation in the Onset of Cardiovascular Events. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2018;25(8):653-64. doi:10.5551/jat.RV17022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bagot CN, Arya R. Virchow and his triad: a question of attribution. Br J Haematol. 2008;143(2):180-90. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07323.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagot CN, Arya R. Virchow and his triad: a question of attribution. Br J Haematol. 2008;143(2):180-90. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07323.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krupiczojc MA, Scotton CJ, Chambers RC. Coagulation signaling following tissue injury: focus on the role of factor Xa. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(6-7):1228-37 doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krupiczojc MA, Scotton CJ, Chambers RC. Coagulation signaling following tissue injury: focus on the role of factor Xa. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(6-7):1228-37 doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.02.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chapin JC, Hajjar KA. Fibrinolysis and the control of blood coagulation. Blood Rev. 2015;29(1):17-24. doi:101016/j.blre.2014.09.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chapin JC, Hajjar KA. Fibrinolysis and the control of blood coagulation. Blood Rev. 2015;29(1):17-24. doi:101016/j.blre.2014.09.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thiebaut A M, Gauberti M, Ali C, et al. The role of plasminogen activators in stroke treatment: fibrinolysis and beyond. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(12): 1121-32. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30323-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thiebaut A M, Gauberti M, Ali C, et al. The role of plasminogen activators in stroke treatment: fibrinolysis and beyond. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(12): 1121-32. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30323-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nijenhuis VJ, Brouwer J, Sondergaard L, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Heart. 2019;heartjnl-2018-314313. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nijenhuis VJ, Brouwer J, Sondergaard L, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Heart. 2019;heartjnl-2018-314313. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson S G, et al. Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. JAMA. 2005;294(14):1799-809. doi:10.1001/jama.294.14.1799.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson S G, et al. Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. JAMA. 2005;294(14):1799-809. doi:10.1001/jama.294.14.1799.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bridge KI, Philippou H, Ariens RA. Clot properties and cardiovascular disease. Thromb Haemost. 2014;112(11):901-8. doi:10.1160/TH14-02-0184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bridge KI, Philippou H, Ariëns RA. Clot properties and cardiovascular disease. Thromb Haemost. 2014;112(11):901-8. doi:10.1160/TH14-02-0184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
