<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2019-6-69-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-2312</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МНЕНИЕ ПО ПРОБЛЕМЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPINION ON A PROBLEM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные аспекты реваскуляризации миокарда при хронических окклюзиях коронарного русла</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern considerations of myocardial revascularization in coronary chronic total occlusion</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2602-5006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильев Дмитрий Константинович — младший научный сотрудник отдела инновационных методов профилактики, диагностики и лечения сердечно-сосудистых и других хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, врач рентгенэндоваскулярных методов диагностики и лечения.</p><p>Москва.</p><p>Тел.: +7 (916) 684-39-12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">vasilyevdk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-9069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденко</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenko</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руденко Борис Александрович — доктор медицинских наук, врач рентгенэндоваскулярных методов диагностики и лечения, руководитель отдела инновационных методов профилактики, диагностики и лечения сердечно-сосудистых и других хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">borisrudenko@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильев Д.К., Руденко Б.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильев Д.К., Руденко Б.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasiliev D.K., Rudenko B.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2312">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2312</self-uri><abstract><p>Хронические окклюзии коронарного русла встречаются в 16-18,4% случаев согласно результатам наблюдательных исследований и регистров. Традиционно эндоваскулярные реваскуляризации при окклюзиях считаются менее подходящей стратегией. Кардиологи чаще предпочитают медикаментозную терапию. Результаты научных исследований убедительно показали, что неполная реваскуляризация миокарда после безуспешной реканализации окклюзий приводит к более худшему отдаленному прогнозу. Благодаря накопленному опыту и новому техническому оснащению частота успеха реканализации окклюзий коронарного русла достигла 87-95%. Это позволяет в большем количестве случаев добиться полной реваскуляризации миокарда и, безусловно, служит поводом для пересмотра консервативного подхода к окклюзиям в пользу более активного подхода. В связи с этим существует большая потребность в рандомизированных клинических исследованиях для оценки влияния эндоваскулярной реваскуляризации при хронических окклюзиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) occurs in 16-18,4% of cases according to observational studies and registers. Traditionally, endovascular revascularization methods are considered a less appropriate strategy then drug therapy. The results of studies have shown that incomplete myocardial revascularization after unsuccessful recanalization leads to a worse long-term prognosis. Due to the accumulated experience and new technical equipment, the success rate of coronary recanalization reached 87-95%. It allows more often achieving complete myocardial revascularization and is as a reason for reconsideration and potential switching from conservative approach to active tactics in CTO. In this regard, there is a great need for randomized clinical trials to assess the efficiency of endovascular revascularization in CTO.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чрескожное коронарное вмешательство</kwd><kwd>хронические окклюзии коронарных артерий</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>аортокоронарное шунтирование</kwd><kwd>оптимальная медикаментозная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>percutaneous coronary intervention</kwd><kwd>chronic coronary occlusion</kwd><kwd>coronary heart disease</kwd><kwd>coronary artery bypass grafting</kwd><kwd>optimal drug therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farooq V, Serruys PW, Garcia-Garcia HM, et al. The negative impact of incomplete angiographic revascularization on clinical outcomes and its association with total occlusions: the SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) trial. JACC. 2013;61(3):282-94. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farooq V, Serruys PW, Garcia-Garcia HM, Zhang Y, Bourantas CV, Holmes DR, et al. The negative impact of incomplete angiographic revascularization on clinical outcomes and its association with total occlusions: the SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61(3):282–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Mario C, Werner GS, Sianos G, et al. European perspective in the recanalisation of Chronic Total Occlusions (CTO): consensus document from the EuroCTO Club. Euro Intervention. 2007;3(1):30-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Mario C, Werner GS, Sianos G, Galassi AR, Buttner J, Dudek D, et al. European perspective in the recanalisation of Chronic Total Occlusions (CTO): consensus document from the EuroCTO Club. EuroIntervention 2007;3(1):30–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fefer P, Knudtson ML, Cheema AN, et al. Current perspectives on coronary chronic total occlusions: the Canadian Multicenter Chronic Total Occlusions Registry. JACC. 2012;59(11):991-7 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fefer P, Knudtson ML, Cheema AN, Galbraith PD, Osherov AB, Yalonetsky S, et al. Current perspectives on coronary chronic total occlusions: the Canadian Multicenter Chronic Total Occlusions Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59(11):991–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramunddal T, Hoebers LP, Henriques JP, et al. Chronic total occlusions in Sweden-a report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e103850. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103850.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramunddal T, Hoebers LP, Henriques JP, Dworeck C, Angeras O, Odenstedt J, et al. Chronic total occlusions in Sweden—a report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). PLoS One 2014;9(8):e103850.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strauss BH, Shuvy M, Wijeysundera HC. Revascularization of chronic total occlusions: time to reconsider? JACC. 2014;64(12):1281-9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1181.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brilakis ES, Banerjee S, Karmpaliotis D, Lombardi WL, Tsai TT, Shunk KA, et al. Procedural outcomes of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: a report from the NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry). JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015;8(2):245–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brilakis ES, Grantham JA, Rinfret S, et al. A percutaneous treatment algorithm for crossing coronary chronic total occlusions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5(4):367-79. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2012.02.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strauss BH, Shuvy M, Wijeysundera HC. Revascularization of chronic total occlusions: time to reconsider? J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64(12):1281–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brilakis ES, Banerjee S, Karmpaliotis D, et al. Procedural outcomes of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: a report from the NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry). JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(2):245-53. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2014.08.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brilakis ES, Grantham JA, Rinfret S, Wyman RM, Burke MN, Karmpaliotis D, et al. A percutaneous treatment algorithm for crossing coronary chronic total occlusions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012;5(4):367–79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maeremans J, Walsh S, Knaapen P, et al. The hybrid algorithm for treating chronic total occlusions in Europe: the RECHARGE registry. JACC. 2016;68(18): 1958-70. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.08.034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maeremans J, Walsh S, Knaapen P, Spratt JC, Avran A, Hanratty CG, et al. The hybrid algorithm for treating chronic total occlusions in Europe: the RECHARGE registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;68(18):1958–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nombela-Franco L, Urena M, Jerez-Valero M, et al. Validation of the J-chronic total occlusion score for chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention in an independent contemporary cohort. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6(6):635-43. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.002171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nombela-Franco L, Urena M, Jerez-Valero M, Nguyen CM, Ribeiro HB, Bataille Y, et al. Validation of the J-chronic total occlusion score for chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention in an independent contemporary cohort. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2013;6(6):635–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christopoulos G, Karmpaliotis D, Alaswad K, et al. Application and outcomes of a hybrid approach to chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention in a contemporary multicenter US registry. Int J Cardiol. 2015;198:222-8. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.093.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christopoulos G, Karmpaliotis D, Alaswad K, Yeh RW, Jaffer FA, Wyman RM, et al. Application and outcomes of a hybrid approach to chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention in a contemporary multicenter US registry. Int J Cardiol 2015;198:222–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habib GB, Heibig J, Forman SA, et al. Influence of coronary collateral vessels on myocardial infarct size in humans. Results of phase I thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) trial. The TIMI Investigators. Circulation. 1991;83(3):739-46. doi:10.1161/01.cir.83.3.739.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habib GB, Heibig J, Forman SA, Brown BG, Roberts R, Terrin ML, et al. Influence of coronary collateral vessels on myocardial infarct size in humans. Results of phase I thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) trial. The TIMI Investigators. Circulation 1991;83(3):739–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Marco A, Anguera I, Teruel L, et al. Chronic total occlusion in an infarct-related coronary artery and the risk of appropriate ICD therapies. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2017;28(10):1169-78. doi:10.1111/jce.13290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azzalini L, Dautov R, Ojeda S, Benincasa S, Bellini B, Giannini F, et al. Procedural and long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention for in-stent chronic total occlusion. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017;10(9):892–902.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Marco A, Paglino G, Oloriz T, et al. Impact of a chronic total occlusion in an infarct-related artery on the long-term outcome of ventricular tachycardia ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2015;26(5):532-9. doi:10.1111/jce.12622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomasello SD, Boukhris M, Giubilato S, Marza F, Garbo R, Contegiacomo G, et al. Management strategies in patients affected by chronic total occlusions: results from the Italian Registry of Chronic Total Occlusions. Eur Heart J 2015;36(45):3189–98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neumann FJ, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(2):87-165. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stuijfzand WJ, Driessen RS, Raijmakers PG, Rijnierse MT, Maeremans J, Hollander MR, et al. Prevalence of ischaemia in patients with a chronic total occlusion and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017;18(9): 1025–33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Windecker S, Kolh P, Alfonso F, et al. 2014 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization: the Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur Heart J. 2014;35(37):2541-619. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu278.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Marco A, Anguera I, Teruel L, Muntane G, Campbell NG, Fox DJ, et al. Chronic total occlusion in an infarct-related coronary artery and the risk of appropriate ICD therapies. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2017;28(10):1169–78. [16] Di Marco A, Paglino G, Oloriz T, Maccabelli G, Baratto F, Vergara P, et al. Impact of a chronic total occlusion in an infarct-related artery on the long-term outcome of ventricular tachycardia ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2015;26(5):532–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel MR, Calhoon JH, Dehmer GJ, et al. ACC/ AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/ STS 2017 appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. JACC. 2017;69(17):2212-41. doi:10.1007/s12350-017-0917-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watanabe H, Morimoto T, Shiomi H, Furukawa Y, Nakagawa Y, Ando K, et al. Chronic total occlusion in a non-infarct-related artery is closely associated with increased five-year mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (from the CREDOKyoto AMI registry). EuroIntervention 2017;12(15):e1874–82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hachamovitch R, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, et al. Comparison of the shortterm survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography. Circulation. 2003;107(23):2900-7. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000072790.23090.41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujii T, Sakai K, Nakano M, Ohno Y, Nakazawa G, Shinozaki N, et al. Impact of the origin of the collateral feeding donor artery on short-term mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction with comorbid chronic total occlusion. Int J Cardiol 2016; 218:158–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stuijfzand WJ, Driessen RS, Raijmakers PG, et al. Prevalence of ischaemia in patients with a chronic total occlusion and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;18(9):1025-33. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jew188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henriques JP, Hoebers LP, Ramunddal T, Laanmets P, Eriksen E, Bax M, et al. Percutaneous intervention for concurrent chronic total occlusions in patients with STEMI: the EXPLORE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;68(15):1622–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sachdeva R, Agrawal M, Flynn SE, et al. The myocardium supplied by a chronic total occlusion is a persistently ischemic zone. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;83(1):9-16. doi:10.1002/ccd.25001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elias J, van Dongen IM, Hoebers LP, Ouweneel DM, Claessen B, Ramunddal T, et al. Improved recovery of regional left ventricular function after PCI of chronic total occlusion in STEMI patients: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study of the randomized controlled EXPLORE trial. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017;19(1):53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stuijfzand WJ, Biesbroek PS, Raijmakers PG, et al. Effects of successful percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function. Euro Intervention. 2017;13(3):345-54. doi:10.4244/EIJ-D-16-01014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christakopoulos GE, Christopoulos G, Carlino M, Jeroudi OM, Roesle M, Rangan BV, et al. Meta-analysis of clinical outcomes of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions for chronic total occlusions. Am J Cardiol 2015;115(10): 1367–75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galassi AR, Werner GS, Tomasello SD, et al. Prognostic value of exercise myocardial scintigraphy in patients with coronary chronic total occlusions. J Interv Cardiol. 2010;23(2):139-48. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8183.2010.00527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safley DM, Grantham JA, Hatch J, Jones PG, Spertus JA. Quality of life benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic occlusions. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2014;84(4):629–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baks T, van Geuns RJ, Duncker DJ, et al. Prediction of left ventricular function after drug-eluting stent implantation for chronic total coronary occlusions. J Am Coll Cardiol2006;47(4):721-5. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossello X, Pujadas S, Serra A, Bajo E, Carreras F, Barros A, et al. Assessment of inducible myocardial ischemia, quality of life, and functional status after successful percutaneous revascularization in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion. Am J Cardiol 2016;117(5):720–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stuijfzand WJ, Raijmakers PG, Driessen RS, et al. Value of hybrid imaging with PET/CT to guide percutaneous revascularization of chronic total coronary occlusion. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep. 2015;8(7):26. doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2018.07.025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoebers LP, Claessen BE, Elias J, Dangas GD, Mehran R, Henriques JP. Meta-analysis on the impact of percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions on left ventricular function and clinical outcome. Int J Cardiol 2015;187:90–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watanabe H, Morimoto T, Shiomi H, et al. Chronic total occlusion in a non-infarct-related artery is closely associated with increased five-year mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (from the CREDOKyoto AMI registry). Euro Intervention. 2017;12(15):e1874-82. doi:10.1002/ccd.27330.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stuijfzand WJ, Biesbroek PS, Raijmakers PG, Driessen RS, Schumacher SP, van Diemen P, et al. Effects of successful percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function. EuroIntervention 2017;13(3):345–54. S.P. Schumacher et al. / Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine xxx (2018) xxx–xxx 9 Please cite this article as: Schumacher SP, et al, Percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions: When and how to treat, Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carrev.2018.07.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujii T, Sakai K, Nakano M, et al. Impact of the origin of the collateral feeding donor artery on short-term mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction with comorbid chronic total occlusion. Int J Cardiol. 2016;218:158-63. doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2018.07.025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baks T, van Geuns RJ, Duncker DJ, Cademartiri F, Mollet NR, Krestin GP, et al. Prediction of left ventricular function after drug-eluting stent implantation for chronic total coronary occlusions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47(4):721–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henriques JP, Hoebers LP, Ramunddal T, et al. Percutaneous intervention for concurrent chronic total occlusions in patients with STEMI: the EXPLORE trial. JACC. 2016;68(15):1622-32. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.07.744.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galassi AR, Boukhris M, Toma A, Elhadj Z, Laroussi L, Gaemperli O, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017;10(21):2158–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elias J, van Dongen IM, Hoebers LP, et al. Improved recovery of regional left ventricular function after PCI of chronic total occlusion in STEMI patients: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study of the randomized controlled EXPLORE trial. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2017;19(1):53. doi:10.1186/s12968-017-0369-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toma A, Gebhard C, Gick M, Ademaj F, Stahli BE, Mashayekhi K, et al. Survival after percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion in elderly patients. EuroIntervention 2017;13(2):e228–35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christakopoulos GE, Christopoulos G, Carlino M, et al. Meta-analysis of clinical outcomes of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions for chronic total occlusions. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115(10):1367-75. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.02.038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Werner GS, Martin-Yuste V, Hildick-Smith D, Boudou N, Sianos G, Gelev V, et al. A randomized multicentre trial to compare revascularization with optimal medical therapy for the treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions. Eur Heart J 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy220 [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Safley DM, Grantham JA, Hatch J, et al. Quality of life benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic occlusions. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;84(4):629-34. doi:10.1002/ccd.25303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park S. Optimal medical therapy with or without stenting for coronary chronic total occlusion - DECISION-CTO. American College of Cardiology (ACC) Annual Scientific Sessions 2017; 2017 March 17–19 [Washington, DC].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossello X, Pujadas S, Serra A, et al. Assessment of inducible myocardial ischemia, quality of life, and functional status after successful percutaneous revascularization in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion. Am J Cardiol. 2016;117(5):720-6. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.12.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Windecker S, Kolh P, Alfonso F, Collet JP, Cremer J, Falk V, et al. 2014 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization: the Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur Heart J 2014;35(37):2541–619.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoebers LP, Claessen BE, Elias J, et al. Meta-analysis on the impact of percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions on left ventricular function and clinical outcome. Int J Cardiol. 2015;187:90-6. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel MR, Calhoon JH, Dehmer GJ, Grantham JA, Maddox TM, Maron DJ, et al. ACC/ AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/STS 2017 appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69(17):2212–41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galassi AR, Boukhris M, Toma A, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusions in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;10(21):2158-70. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2017.06.058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hachamovitch R, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, Cohen I, Berman DS. Comparison of the shortterm survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography. Circulation 2003;107(23):2900–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toma A, Gebhard C, Gick M, et al. Survival after percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion in elderly patients. Euro Intervention. 2017;13(2):e228-35. doi:10.4244/EIJ-D-16-00499.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sachdeva R, Agrawal M, Flynn SE, Werner GS, Uretsky BF. The myocardium supplied by a chronic total occlusion is a persistently ischemic zone. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2014;83(1):9–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Circulation. 2011;124:e574-651. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823ba622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galassi AR, Werner GS, Tomasello SD, Azzarelli S, Capodanno D, Barrano G, et al. Prognostic value of exercise myocardial scintigraphy in patients with coronary chronic total occlusions. J Interv Cardiol 2010;23(2):139–48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hochman JS, Lamas GA, Buller CE, et al. Occluded Artery Trial Investigators. Coronary intervention for persistent occlusion after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(23):2395-407. Epub 2006 Nov 14. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa066139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stuijfzand WJ, Raijmakers PG, Driessen RS, van Royen N, Nap A, van Rossum AC, et al. Value of hybrid imaging with PET/CT to guide percutaneous revascularization of chronic total coronary occlusion. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep 2015;8(7):26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seung-Whan Lee, Pil Hyung Lee, Jung-Min Ahn, et al. Randomized Trial Evaluating Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for the Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusion. The DECISION-CTO Trial. Circulation. 2019;139:1674-83. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.031313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seung-Whan Lee, et al. Randomized Trial Evaluating Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for the Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusion. The DECISION-CTO Trial. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.031313</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Werner GS, Martin-Yuste V, Hildick-Smith D, et al. A randomized multicentre trial to compare revascularization with optimal medical therapy for the treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions. Eur Heart J. 2018. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neumann FJ, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, Alfonso F, Banning AP, Benedetto U, Byrne RA, Collet JP, Falk V, Head SJ, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Koller A, Kristensen SD, Niebauer J, Richter DJ, Seferovic PM, Sibbing D, Stefanini GG, Windecker S, Yadav R, Zembala MO; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J. 2019 Jan 7;40(2):87-165. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy394</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial  revascularization</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2018 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial  revascularization</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hochman JS1, Lamas GA, Buller CE, Dzavik V, Reynolds HR, Abramsky SJ, Forman S, Ruzyllo W, Maggioni AP, White H, Sadowski Z, Carvalho AC, Rankin JM, Renkin JP, Steg PG, Mascette AM, Sopko G, Pfisterer ME, Leor J, Fridrich V, Mark DB, Knatterud GL; Occluded Artery Trial Investigators. Coronary intervention for persistent occlusion after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 7;355(23):2395-407. Epub 2006 Nov 14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hochman JS1, Lamas GA, Buller CE, Dzavik V, Reynolds HR, Abramsky SJ, Forman S, Ruzyllo W, Maggioni AP, White H, Sadowski Z, Carvalho AC, Rankin JM, Renkin JP, Steg PG, Mascette AM, Sopko G, Pfisterer ME, Leor J, Fridrich V, Mark DB, Knatterud GL; Occluded Artery Trial Investigators. Coronary intervention for persistent occlusion after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 7;355(23):2395-407. Epub 2006 Nov 14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
