cardiovascularКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактикаCardiovascular Therapy and Prevention1728-88002619-0125«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2520cardiovascular-2520Research ArticleФАКТОРЫ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОГО РИСКАCARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORSГендерные особенности сердечно-сосудистых факторов риска у студентовGender specificities of cardiovascular risk factors in studentshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-1610БрагинаА. Е.BraginaA. E.

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии № 2 Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского.

Москва

Moscow

anna.bragina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5730-7837ВасильеваЛ. В.VasilievaL. V.

Кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры.

Москва, Тел.: +7 (903) 539-85-38

Moscow

vlubv@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8397-0210ДружининаН. А.DruzhininaN. A.

Кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры.

Москва

Moscow

natalia_mur87@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-8820АхмедоваЗ. Ф.AkhmedovaZ. F.

Студент Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского.

Moscow

zyuka-1997@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0558-7096БрагинаГ. И.BraginaG. I.

Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры поликлинической терапии, Институт клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского.

Moscow

galinabragina@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-5609ПодзолковВ. И.PodzolkovV. I.

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии № 2 Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского.

Москва

Moscow

podzolkov@list.ruФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20201211202019525202520Copyright © Брагина А.Е., Васильева Л.В., Дружинина Н.А., Ахмедова З.Ф., Брагина Г.И., Подзолков В.И., 20202020Брагина А.Е., Васильева Л.В., Дружинина Н.А., Ахмедова З.Ф., Брагина Г.И., Подзолков В.И.Bragina A.E., Vasilieva L.V., Druzhinina N.A., Akhmedova Z.F., Bragina G.I., Podzolkov V.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2520Цель

Цель. Изучение гендерных различий в частоте факторов риска (ФР) болезней системы кровообращения у студентов медицинского высшего учебного заведения.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Было обследовано 74 мужчины и 143 женщины, обучающихся в медицинском высшем учебном заведении. Проводилась оценка поведенческих и биологических ФР. Психоэмоциональный статус участников оценивался путем анкетирования: с целью оценки уровня тревоги и депрессии по госпитальной шкале HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) и уровня стресса по опроснику “Шкала воспринимаемого СТРЕССА-10”. Статистический анализ результатов проводился с использованием программного пакета Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft Inc).

Результаты

Результаты. Среди мужчин регистрировалась достоверно большая доля лиц с избыточным весом (индекс массы тела ≥25 кг/м2), более высокие уровни артериального давления (АД), холестерина, курение. Среди женщин выявлялся больший процент лиц с тахикардией, малоподвижным образом жизни, нарушением качества сна и засыпания. Продолжительность сна у обследованных молодых женщин достоверно ниже, а уровни тревоги, депрессии и стресса выше по сравнению с мужчинами. Выявлены достоверные связи между полом и психологическими факторами. Среди студенток выявлен ряд корреляционных связей психологических факторов с такими параметрами, как частота сердечных сокращений, уровень общего холестерина, нарушения засыпания и качество сна. У студентов-мужчин выявлены достоверные взаимосвязи уровня тревоги с повышением АД, уровнем стресса и занятием спортом, а также наличием болезней системы кровообращения у отца.

Заключение

Заключение. Выявлены гендерные особенности ФР с большей их частотой среди обследованных студентов-мужчин метаболических нарушений и более высоких цифр АД, а среди женщин — психологических факторов и низкой физической активности. Эти особенности целесообразно учитывать при разработке и внедрении индивидуальных диагностических и лечебно-профилактических мероприятий в студенческих сообществах.

Aim

Aim. To study gender differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) among higher education medical students.

Material and methods

Material and methods. We examined 74 men and 143 women studying at higher education medical institution. Behavioral and biological RF were evaluated. Psychoemotional status of participants was evaluated by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Statistical analysis was carried out using the software package Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft Inc).

Results

Results. Among men, a significantly higher percentage of patients with overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2), higher blood pressure (BP), higher level of cholesterol, and smoking were recorded. Among women, a higher percentage of patients with tachycardia, a sedentary lifestyle, impaired sleep quality and falling asleep were recorded. Sleep duration in young women was significantly lower, and the level of anxiety, depression and stress were higher compared to men. Significant relationships between gender and psychological factors have been identified. Among women, correlations of psychological factors with such parameters as heart rate, total cholesterol, falling asleep and sleep quality were revealed. Among men, significant correlations of anxiety with increased BP, stress and exercise, as well as the presence of cardiovascular diseases in the father were revealed.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Gender specificities of RF were revealed: among men — higher frequency of metabolic disorders and higher blood pressure, and among women — psychological factors and low physical activity. It is reasonable to take they into account when developing and implementing individual diagnostic, treatment and prophylactic measures in students.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.