cardiovascularКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактикаCardiovascular Therapy and Prevention1728-88002619-0125«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2566cardiovascular-2566Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМеры популяционной профилактики, направленные на снижение потребления алкоголя: международный опыт и перспективы усиления мер в Российской ФедерацииPopulation-based preventive measures aimed at reducing alcohol consumption: international practice and prospects for escalating measures in the Russian Federationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8064-7215МырзаматоваА. О.MyrzamatovaA. O.

Мырзаматова Азалия О. — кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отдела укрепления общественного здоровья

Москва

azaliya89@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-1536КонцеваяА. В.KontsevayaA. V.

Концевая Анна В. — доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной и аналитической работе

Москва

koncanna@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-0186ГорныйБ. Э.GornyB. E.

Горный Борис Э. — кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела первичной профилактики хронических неинфекционных заболеваний в системе здравоохранения

Москва

bgornyy@gnicpm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430ДрапкинаО. М.DrapkinaO. M.

Драпкина Оксана М. — директор, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент РАН

Москва

odrapkina@gnicpm.ruФГБУ “Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины” Минздрава РоссииNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine20200306202019325662566Copyright © Мырзаматова А.О., Концевая А.В., Горный Б.Э., Драпкина О.М., 20202020Мырзаматова А.О., Концевая А.В., Горный Б.Э., Драпкина О.М.Myrzamatova A.O., Kontsevaya A.V., Gorny B.E., Drapkina O.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2566Цель

Цель. Провести аналитический обзор исследований и рекомендаций международной практики по  реализации мер популяционной профилактики, направленных на коррекцию потребления алкоголя, и выделить рекомендованный Всемирной организацией здравоохранения комплекс мер с доказанной эффективностью и потенциалом их внедрения в Российской Федерации (РФ).

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Поиск соответствующей информации проводился в научных базах данных PubMed, Science Citation Index, Scopus, The Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews. В обзор включены систематические и несистематические исследования мер, связанных с потреблением алкоголя. Оценка эффективности выделенных мер проводилась по следующим критериям: изменение поведения (потребления/продаж/уровня); динамика заболеваемости (обращаемости); динамика смертности.

Результаты

Результаты. Согласно данным международного опыта популяционной профилактики, эффективными мерами, которые могут быть внедрены в РФ, являются: снижение предельного уровня алкоголя в крови при управлении транспортным средством, увеличение минимального возраста для употребления алкоголя, полный запрет на рекламу алкогольных напитков, а также дальнейшее увеличение акцизов.

Заключение

Заключение. РФ достигла значительных успехов на пути внедрения мер, направленных на ограничение потребления алкоголя, что привело к сокращению его потребления и связанных с ним негативных последствий. Несмотря на это, уровень потребления алкоголя остается высоким и потенциал внедрения популяционных мер по снижению потребления алкоголя в РФ не исчерпан.

Aim

Aim. To conduct a review of international studies and guidelines on the implementation of population-based preventive measures aimed at reducing alcohol consumption, and identify measures recommended by the World Health Organization, which have the potential for use in the Russian Federation.

Material and methods

Material and methods. We used the following databases: PubMed, Science Citation Index, Scopus, The Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews. The review includes systematic and non-systematic studies of measures related to alcohol consumption. The effectiveness of the identified measures was assessed according to the following criteria: behavioral changes (consumption/sales/level); incidence changes; mortality changes.

Results

Results. According to international practice of population-based prevention, effective measures that can be implemented in the Russian Federation include reducing the blood alcohol concentration legal driving limit, increasing the minimum legal drinking age, a complete ban on alcohol advertising, and a further increase in excise taxes.

Conclusion

Conclusion. In the Russian Federation, significant progress has been achieved in implementing alcohol restriction measures, which has led to a reduction in its consumption and related consequences. Despite this, levels of alcohol consumption remain high and the potential for introducing population-based measures to reduce it has not been exhausted.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.