cardiovascularКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактикаCardiovascular Therapy and Prevention1728-88002619-0125«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2677cardiovascular-2677Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEW ARTICLESБиомаркеры сосудистой когнитивной дисфункцииBiomarkers of vascular cognitive impairmenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-0458ЗимницкаяО. В.ZimnitskayaO. V.

Кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры поликлинической терапии и семейной медицины с курсом последипломного образования, врач-кардиолог Профессорской клиники.

Красноярск.

Тел.: +7 (906) 910-53-31

PhD, assistant of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy and Family Medicine with a Course of Postgraduate Education, cardiologist.

Krasnoyarsk.

zvezda_5786@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9412-1529МожейкоЕ. Ю.MozheykoE. Yu.

Доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой физической и реабилитационной медицины с курсом последипломного образования.

Красноярск.

MD, head of the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine with a Postgraduate Course.

Krasnoyarsk.

el_mozhejko@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8493-0058ПетроваМ. М.PetrovaM. M.

Доктор медицинских наук, первый проректор, заведующая кафедрой поликлинической терапии и семейной медицины с курсом последипломного образования, врач-кардиолог Профессорской клиники.

Красноярск.

MD, first Vice-rector, head of the Department of Polyclinic Therapy and Family Medicine with a Course of Postgraduate Education, cardiologist.

Krasnoyarsk.

stk99@yandex.ruКрасноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава РоссииV.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University20211102202120326772677Copyright © Зимницкая О.В., Можейко Е.Ю., Петрова М.М., 20212021Зимницкая О.В., Можейко Е.Ю., Петрова М.М.Zimnitskaya O.V., Mozheyko E.Y., Petrova M.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2677

В настоящее время нет утвержденного списка биомаркеров для диагностики сосудистой когнитивной дисфункции. Главной проблемой для практикующего врача при выявлении когнитивных нарушений у пациентов является дифференциальная диагностика болезни Альцгеймера, сосудистой когнитивной дисфункции и других видов когнитивных нарушений, которые встречаются намного реже. Сосудистая когнитивная дисфункция включает в себя постинсультную деменцию, когнитивную дисфункцию при сердечно-сосудистых и цереброваскулярных заболеваниях. Без определения этиологии заболевания невозможно назначить адекватное лечение. Ещё одной проблемой является выявление когнитивных нарушений до развития деменции. Обзор литературы посвящен поиску и критическому анализу кандидатов в биомаркеры сосудистой когнитивной дисфункции и установлению маркеров умеренной когнитивной дисфункции. Поиск статей проводился в базах данных Web of Science и PubMed. Был составлен перечень ликворных, плазменных, сывороточных и генетических биомаркеров, позволяющих провести дифференциальную диагностику между сосудистой дисфункцией и болезнью Альцгеймера, и маркеров умеренной когнитивной дисфункции, дающих возможность на додементной стадии выявить когнитивные нарушения.

There is currently no approved list of vascular cognitive impairment biomarkers. The main problem for the practitioner in identifying cognitive impairment in patients is the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and other diseases, which are much less common. Vascular cognitive impairment includes post-stroke dementia, cognitive dysfunction in cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases. Without etiology identification, it is impossible to prescribe adequate treatment. Another challenge is identifying cognitive impairment before dementia develops. This literature review is devoted to the search and critical analysis of candidates for biomarkers of vascular cognitive impairment and the establishment of markers of moderate cognitive dysfunction. The papers were searched for in the Web of Science and PubMed databases. A list of cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, serum and genetic biomarkers was made, allowing for differential diagnosis between vascular impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The markers of moderate cognitive dysfunction, which make it possible to identify cognitive impairment at the pre-dementia stage, were also identified.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.