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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2782</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-2782</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АЛКОГОЛЬНАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Консультирование пациента, злоупотребляющего алкоголем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Counseling an alcohol abuse patient</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7924-7668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimova</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимова Жанна Владимировна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры терапии ФПК и ПП.</p><p>Екатеринбург.</p><p>Тел.: +7 (904) 988-61-20</p><p>SPIN-код - 9206-8780</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna V. Maksimova - Department of therapy, assistant professor.</p><p>Yekaterinburg.</p><p>SPIN-код: 9206-8780</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jannamd@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-2116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимов Дмитрий Михайлович — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры профилактической, семейной и эстетической медицины.</p><p>Екатеринбург.</p><p>SPIN-код - 8607-8484</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry M. Maksimov - Department of preventive, family and aesthetic medicine, assistant professor.</p><p>Yekaterinburg.</p><p>Tel.: +7 (904) 988-61-20</p><p>SPIN-код: 8607-8484</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kafsemmed@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>2782</fpage><lpage>2782</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Максимова Ж.В., Максимов Д.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Максимова Ж.В., Максимов Д.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maksimova Z.V., Maksimov D.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2782">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2782</self-uri><abstract><p>Злоупотребление алкоголем представляет собой регулярное или эпизодическое употребление алкогольных напитков, которое может вызвать неблагоприятные медико-социальные последствия при отсутствии признаков зависимости. В Российской Федерации 35% населения регулярно употребляют спиртсодержащие напитки в очень высоких (ударных) дозах. При этом злоупотребление часто остается нераспознанным или не считается отклонением от здорового поведения, хотя именно оно является причиной массовой распространенности алкоголь-ассоциированных проблем физического и психического здоровья, а также социального функционирования. Улучшить ситуацию можно, в т.ч. с помощью раннего выявления и эффективного поведенческого консультирования, особенно в первичном медицинском звене. Всемирная организация здравоохранения рекомендует пятиступенчатый подход по выявлению и коррекции злоупотребления алкоголем:</p><p>— выяснить уровень употребления алкоголя с помощью вопросника AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test);</p><p>— рекомендовать сократить употребление алкоголя;</p><p>— оценить готовность и препятствия к отказу или сокращению;</p><p>— помочь пациенту в выработке мотиваций;</p><p>— продолжить наблюдение и поддержку на последующих визитах. Консультирование по снижению употребления алкоголя проводится в партнерской, неосуждающей манере, в рамках обычного врачебного приема по любому другому заболеванию. Содержание консультирования зависит от мотивации собеседника. У колеблющихся пациентов, которые не уверены в целесообразности или в своей способности сократить употребление алкоголя, проводится так называемое мотивационное собеседование, которое в неконфронтационной манере позволяет пациенту высказаться по этой проблеме и помогает скорректировать нездоровые поведенческие установки. Настоящая статья представляет собой рекомендации для медицинских работников по методике краткого профилактического консультирования пациентов, злоупотребляющих алкоголем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Alcohol abuse is the regular or episodical alcohol consumption that can cause adverse medical and social consequences without signs of dependence. In Russia, 35% of the population regularly consume alcoholic drinks in very high doses. At the same time, abuse often remains undiagnosed or is not considered a medical problem. However, it is precisely this that causes the massive prevalence of alcohol-related physical and mental health problems, as well as social functioning. The situation can be improved, including through early detection and effective behavioral counseling, especially in primary health care. The World Health Organization recommends a five-step approach to identify and correct alcohol abuse:</p><p>— identify the alcohol consumption level using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT);</p><p>— recommend decreasing alcohol consumption;</p><p>— assess readiness and barriers to cessation or decrease of alcohol use;</p><p>— help the patient to develop motivations;</p><p>— continue monitoring and support on follow-up visits.</p><p>Behavioral counseling for alcohol abuse is provided in a non-judgmental manner as part of the routine medical appointment for any other medical condition. The content of the counseling depends on the motivation of a patient. For hesitant patients who are uncertain about the appropriateness or their ability to reduce alcohol use, a so-called motivational interviewing is conducted, which allows a patient to speak out about the problem and helps to correct unhealthy behaviors. This article is a guideline for health care professionals on brief preventive counseling for alcohol abuse patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>злоупотребление алкоголем</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>краткое профилактическое консультирование</kwd><kwd>мотивационное собеседование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alcohol abuse</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>brief preventive counseling</kwd><kwd>motivational interviewing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. 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