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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2878</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-2878</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вклад аэробных физических нагрузок в сбережение здоровья: известные механизмы и перспективные исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health benefits of aerobic exercise: known mechanisms and research potential</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-6081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беграмбекова</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Begrambekova</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беграмбекова Юлия Леоновна — кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний Медицинского научно-образовательный центра, доцент кафедры терапии факультета фундаментальной медицины.</p><p>Москва.</p><p>Тел.: +7 (985) 467-92-73</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia L. Begrambekova.</p><p>Moscow.</p><p>Tel.: +7 (985) 467-92-73</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">julia.begrambekova@ossn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-5612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлова Яна Артуровна — доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний Медицинского научно-образовательный центра, заведующий кафедрой терапии факультета фундаментальной медицины.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana A. Orlova.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">5163002@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>2878</fpage><lpage>2878</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беграмбекова Ю.Л., Орлова Я.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беграмбекова Ю.Л., Орлова Я.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Begrambekova Y.L., Orlova Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2878">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2878</self-uri><abstract><p>Пандемия хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, составляющая в настоящий момент одну из основных угроз для здоровья и благополучия человечества, заставляет искать пути ранней профилактики их развития. Низкие уровни кардиореспираторной выносливости, обусловленные малоподвижным образом жизни, связаны с высоким риском сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, смерти от всех причин и показателями смертности от наиболее распространенных онкологических заболеваний. Скелетная мускулатура является важнейшим секреторным органом и характеризуется выдающимися метаболическими характеристиками и выносливостью. Низкодозовый стресс, вызванный физической нагрузкой, способствует митохондриальному биогенезу и ремоделированию не только мышечной системы, но и других систем, вовлеченных в процесс поддержания мышечной активности, включая регулирование метаболизма глюкозы и жиров, поддержание иммунитета, стимулирование ангиогенеза. Эти и другие эффекты физической активности реализуются через открытую в последние годы систему миокинов. Выключение паракринной, экзокринной и эндокринной функции мышц не может быть восполнено никакими другими способами и приводит к нарушению жизненно важных адаптивных процессов. Целью настоящего обзора является синтез имеющихся на сегодняшний день доказательств эволюционно обусловленной уникальной роли аэробных физических нагрузок в поддержании здорового функционирования организма человека, а также описание цепи патологических реакций, возникающих при гиподинамии. Поиск проводился в базе данных Medline и PubMed Central по ключевым словам: кардиореспираторная выносливость, хронические неинфекционные заболевания, максимальное потребление кислорода, миокины, интерлейкин-6, аэробные физические нагрузки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The pandemic of noncommunicable diseases, which is currently one of the main threats to health and well-being of mankind, makes us look for ways to prevent their development early. Low cardiorespiratory endurance due to a sedentary lifestyle is associated with high cardiovascular risk, all-cause and cancer mortality. Skeletal muscles are the most important secretory organ and is characterized by outstanding metabolic performance and endurance. Exercise-induced low-dose stress contributes to mitochondrial biogenesis and remodeling of not only the muscular system, but also other systems involved in maintaining muscle activity, including regulating glucose and fat metabolism, maintaining immunity, and stimulating angiogenesis. These and other effects of physical activity are implements through the myokine system discovered in recent years. Shutting off the paracrine, exocrine and endocrine functions of muscles cannot be replenished in any other way and leads to disruption of vital adaptive processes. This review describes currently available evidence of unique role of aerobic physical activity in maintaining the human health, as well as to define the chain of pathological reactions during physical inactivity. The search was carried out in the Medline and PubMed Central databases for the keywords: cardiorespiratory endurance, non-communicable diseases, maximum oxygen consumption, myokines, interleukin-6, aerobic exercise.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кардиореспираторная выносливость</kwd><kwd>хронические неинфекционные заболевания</kwd><kwd>максимальное потребление кислорода</kwd><kwd>миокины</kwd><kwd>интерлейкин-6</kwd><kwd>аэробные физические нагрузки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiorespiratory endurance</kwd><kwd>non-infectious diseases</kwd><kwd>maximum oxygen consumption</kwd><kwd>myokines</kwd><kwd>interleukin-6</kwd><kwd>aerobic exercise</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания МНОЦ МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова. Авторы выражают благодарность профессору, член-корр. РАН Арутюнову Григорию Павловичу за ценные комментарии и поддержку в ходе работы над статьей.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the state assignment of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. The authors are grateful to Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences Grigory Pavlovich Arutyunov for valuable comments and support during the work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naghavi M, Abajobir AA, Abbafati C, et al. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 19802016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1151-210. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32152-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naghavi M, Abajobir AA, Abbafati C, et al. 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