cardiovascularКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактикаCardiovascular Therapy and Prevention1728-88002619-0125«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2896cardiovascular-2896Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEW ARTICLESПрофилактика сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний на протяжении жизни. Часть II: детский и подростковый периодыLife-long prevention of cardiovascular disease. Part II: childhood and adolescencehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5397-5387КопыловаО. В.KopylovaO. V.

Оксана Викторовна Копылова — научный сотрудник лаборатории клиномики.

Москва

OksanaVictorovnaSKopylova - cientific researcher of laboratory of clinomics.

Moscow

sivoksana@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-0760ЕршоваА. И.ErshovaA. I.

Александра Игоревна Ершова — кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории клиномики.

Москва, Тел.: +7 (926) 178-63-58

Alexandra Igorevna Ershova - Head of laboratory of clinomics.

Moscow

alersh@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-6233МешковА. Н.MeshkovA. N.

Алексей Николаевич Мешков — кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории молекулярной генетики.

Москва

Alexey Nikolaevich Meshkov - Head of laboratory of molecular genetics.

Moscow

meshkov@lipidclinic.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-1536КонцеваяА. В.KontsevayaA. V.

Анна Васильевна Концевая — доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной и аналитической работе.

Москва

Anna Vasilievna Kontsevaya - Deputy Director for Scientific and Analytical Work.

Moscow

koncanna@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430ДрапкинаО. М.DrapkinaO. M.

Оксана Михайловна Драпкина — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, директор, руководитель отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения.

Москва

Oxana Mikhailovna Drapkina - Director, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Specialist in Therapy and General Medical Practice of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation.

Moscow

drapkina@bk.ruФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины Минздрава РоссииNational Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine20211510202120628962896Copyright © Копылова О.В., Ершова А.И., Мешков А.Н., Концевая А.В., Драпкина О.М., 20212021Копылова О.В., Ершова А.И., Мешков А.Н., Концевая А.В., Драпкина О.М.Kopylova O.V., Ershova A.I., Meshkov A.N., Kontsevaya A.V., Drapkina O.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2896

В последние годы исследователи всё чаще отмечают, что на развитие и здоровье сердечно-сосудистой системы влияют как традиционные факторы риска (ФР), так и другие детерминанты, входящие в состав экспосома человека — совокупности факторов внешней и внутренней среды, влияющих на генетику и эпигенетику, в результате чего, в конечном итоге, формируется тот или иной (более или менее здоровый) фенотип. Компоненты экспосома оказывают непрерывное воздействие на протяжении всех периодов жизни человека. Многие ФР обладают накопительным эффектом, в связи с чем профилактику сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) важно начинать как можно в более раннем возрасте. Целью обзора является рассмотрение различных аспектов профилактики ССЗ в детском и подростковом периодах. Данные периоды являются критически важными для формирования большинства поведенческих привычек, которые в дальнейшем сохраняются на протяжении жизни. Первостепенную роль в приобщении детей и подростков к ведению здорового образа жизни играет позитивный пример родителей и ближайшего окружения. Целенаправленные программы в детских садах и школах, посвященные повышению грамотности в вопросах здоровья, раннее выявление и своевременная коррекция классических и неклассических ФР ССЗ, диагностика генетически обусловленных заболеваний с преимущественным поражением сердца и сосудов, профилактика внезапной сердечной смерти при наличии повышенного риска ее развития также являются важными методами профилактики ССЗ в детском и подростковом периодах. Большое значение имеют меры популяционной профилактики, включающие контроль за рекламой и информацией в медиа-ресурсах, законодательные запреты продажи алкоголя, никотин-содержащих продуктов, формирование инфраструктуры для ведения здорового образа жизни.

In recent years, researchers have increasingly noted that the development and health of cardiovascular system is influenced by both traditional risk factors (RF) and other determinants of human exposome — a combination of factors of the external and internal environment that affect genetics and epigenetics, as a result of which, one or another (more or less healthy) phenotype is formed. Exposome components have a continuous effect throughout all periods of life. Many RFs have a cumulative effect, and therefore it is important to start prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as early as possible. The aim of this review was to consider various aspects of CVD prevention in childhood and adolescence. These periods are critical for the development of most behavioral habits, which maintain throughout life. Leading by personal example by parents and the immediate environment plays a paramount role in healthy lifestyle inclusion of children and adolescents. Targeted programs in kindergartens and schools aim at improving health literacy, early detection and timely changing traditional and non-traditional CVD RFs, diagnosis of genetic diseases involving the heart and blood vessels, prevention of sudden cardiac death are also important methods of CVD prevention in childhood and adolescence. Measures of population-based prevention are of great importance, including monitoring of advertising and media content, statutory ban of alcohol and tobacco sale, and the formation of healthy lifestyle.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.