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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2911</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-2911</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка эффективности законодательных мер по борьбе с табаком в отношении снижения госпитальной заболеваемости стенокардией и инфарктом миокарда в Российской Федерации и ее 10 субъектах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effectiveness of legislative actions against tobacco smoking regarding the reduction of in-hospital morbidity of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction in Russia as a whole and 10 Russian constituent entities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-8645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамбарян</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gambaryan</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маринэ Генриевна Гамбарян — кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель Центра профилактики и контроля потребления табака.</p><p>Москва Тел.: +7 (926) 526-93-64</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mgambar@mgnicpm.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-1536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Концевая</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kontsevaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Васильевна Концевая — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заместитель директора по научной и аналитической работе.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koncanna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0319-2242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агишина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agishina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Александровна Агишина — аспирант.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avicenna85@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксана Михайловна Драпкина — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, директор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ODrapkina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>2911</fpage><lpage>2911</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гамбарян М.Г., Концевая А.В., Агишина Т.А., Драпкина О.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гамбарян М.Г., Концевая А.В., Агишина Т.А., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gambaryan M.G., Kontsevaya A.V., Agishina T.A., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2911">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2911</self-uri><abstract><p>Российская антитабачная политика направлена на снижение заболеваемости и смертности от болезней, связанных с потреблением табака в долгосрочной перспективе.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить ассоциации реализации антитабачных законодательных мер с уровнем госпитальной заболеваемости (ГЗ) по поводу инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) и стенокардии (СК) в РФ в целом и в 10 субъектах РФ и провести в этих субъектах сравнительную оценку эффективности реализации антитабачных мер относительно динамики этих показателей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проанализированы данные о госпитализациях пациентов по поводу диагнозов “СК” и “острый и повторный ИМ”: коды I20 и I21, I22 (МКБ-10), а также “хронические ревматические болезни сердца” (I05-I09), в качестве контроля, за 2005-2019гг, по годовым сведениям о деятельности стационаров (форма N14) по РФ и по каждому из 10 субъектам РФ. Данные анализировались за периоды до и после реализации мер Федерального антитабачного закона (АТ закона) в 2013г с применением дизайна прерванных временных рядов ITS (Interrupted time series) для анализа воздействия реализации антитабачных мер на уровень госпитализаций по поводу этих состояний. Применялась модель регрессии Пуассона с вычислением отношения вероятности возникновения случаев госпитализаций (RR — Rate Ratio) до и после вмешательства при 95% доверительном интервале (ДИ), с поправкой на возможные сторонние факторы, с потенциальным влиянием на долгосрочный результат. Межрегиональные сравнения проводились с использованием разработанной авторами интегральной шкалы балльной оценки реализации АТ закона (шкала РАТЗ), основанной на репрезентативном исследовании в 10 регионах (n=11625). Применялись корреляционный ранговый анализ Спирмена с расчетом коэффициента корреляции с 95% ДИ и линейный регрессионный анализ. Данные анализировались с помощью статистического пакета STATA 11.2.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что тренд динамики ГЗ СК и ИМ после внедрения АТ закона в наибольшей степени отклоняется от прогнозируемого тренда (в отсутствие АТ закона) при СК (p=0,004); в меньшей степени, но значимо, при ИМ (p=0,049); и отсутствует при хронических ревмокардитах (p=0,332). Описано статистически значимое снижение госпитальной заболеваемости по СК на 16,6%: RR=0,829 (95% ДИ: 0,741-0,927) и по ИМ на 3,5%: RR=0,962 (95% ДИ: 0,958-0,966) в РФ после введения в действие АТ закона, варьирующее между регионами. Межрегиональные различия динамики ГЗ СК и ИМ коррелируют с различиями в реализации антитабачных мер в регионах: чем лучше исполнение комплекса мер, тем больше снижение ГЗ СК (rsp=-0,627, 95% ДИ: -1,05−-0,199; p=0,004), чем лучше защита от табачного дыма, тем больше снижение ГЗ ИМ: (rsp=-0,793, 95% ДИ: -1,08−-0,506, (p&lt;0,001). Динамика ГЗ СК и ИМ коррелируют также с реализацией медицинской помощи в отказе от курения (rsp=-0,555, 95% ДИ: -1,098−-0,01, p=0,045), (rsp=-0,736, 95% ДИ: -1,12−-0,357, p=0,027), соответственно. Выявлены ассоциации снижения ГЗ СК с динамикой распространенности курения с 2013-2018гг в регионах: (β=-0,345, 95% ДИ: -0,67−-0,02 p=0,041) и ГЗ ИМ с распространенностью курения с 2019г (β=2,964, 95% ДИ: 0,01,28–5,92, p=0,049).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Антитабачное законодательство может привести не только к краткосрочному, но и к более длительному снижению ГЗ СК и ИМ после принятия закона. Эти эффекты связаны не только с внедрением антитабачных законодательных мер, как таковых, но и с полнотой их исполнения, а также с непосредственными результатами этих мер — снижением распространенности курения среди населения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Russian anti-tobacco policy is aimed at reducing long-term morbidity and mortality from smoking-related diseases.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the associations of tobacco control (TC) legislative measures with hospitalization rate for myocardial infarction (MI) and angina in Russia as a whole and in 10 Russian constituent entities, as well as to compare the effectiveness of anti-smoking measures in regions.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. We analyzed data on hospitalizations of patients with angina (I20) and acute (I21) and subsequent (I22) MI, as well as chronic rheumatic heart diseases (I05-I09), for 2005-2019 in Russia as a whole and in 10 Russian constituent entities. We analyzed hospital admission rates for angina and MI to compare the periods before and after introduction of Federal TC law in 2013, adjusting for possible confounders and long-term trends. We used interrupted time-series design and Poisson regression model with calculation of rate ratio (RR) and 95% CI. Regions were compared by means of original TC law implementation scale (TCIS) developed based on the results of Russian TC policy evaluation survey in 10 Russian regions (n=11625). We analyzed the relationship between the TC law measures implementation scores and RR of hospital admissions reductions for angina and MI after the TC law by means of Spearman’s rank correlation (coefficient with 95% CI) and linear regression models. Statistical package STATA 11.2 was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The actual trend of hospital admission rates for angina after TC law introduction demonstrates the greatest slope change from the predicted trend (without the law) (p=0,004); less, but still significant slope change for MI (p=0,049), and no slope change for chronic rheumatic heart disease (p=0,332). Results showed a 16,6% decrease in hospital admission rates for angina (RR, 0,83; 95% CI, 074-0,93) and 3,5% — for MI (RR, 0,96; 95% CI, 0,96-0,97) after the TC law introduction in RF and effects of various magnitude in the regions. Regions with higher TCIS scores, i.e. better enforcement of full TC package had greater reduction in hospital admission rates for angina (rsp=-0,627; 95% CI, -1,05−-0,199; p=0,004); with better enforcement of smoke-free policies — grater reduction in hospitalization rates for MI (rsp= -0,793 95%CI, -1,08−-0,506, p&lt;0,001). Reduction of hospital admission rates for angina and MI correlated with the higher scores for help to quit tobacco use (rsp=-0,555; 95% CI, -1,098−-0,01, p=0,045), (rsp= -0,736; 95% CI, -1,12−-0,357, p=0,027). Also, hospital admission rates for angina and MI were associated with the changes in smoking cessation prevalence in 2013-2018 in the regions (β=-0,345; 95% CI, -0,67−-0,02 p=0,041) and smoking prevalence in 2019 (β=2,964; 95% CI, 1,28-5,92, p=0,049), respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. TC legislation can lead not only to immediate reductions in hospital admission rates for angina and MI, but also to longer-term results. These effects may be due not only to the introduction of TC law, as such, but also to the enforcement of the law, as well as the direct results of TC measures — the decrease in smoking prevalence in the population.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антитабачная политика</kwd><kwd>антитабачное законодательство</kwd><kwd>оценка эффективности законодательных мер</kwd><kwd>госпитальная заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>острые коронарные события</kwd><kwd>стенокардия</kwd><kwd>инфаркт миокарда</kwd><kwd>метод прерванных временных рядов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tobacco control policy</kwd><kwd>tobacco control legislation</kwd><kwd>evaluation of tobacco control policy</kwd><kwd>in-hospital morbidity</kwd><kwd>acute coronary events</kwd><kwd>angina</kwd><kwd>myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>interrupted time series</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральный закон от 23.02.2013 № 15-ФЗ “Об охране здоровья граждан от воздействия окружающего табачного дыма и последствий потребления табака”. б.м.: Специализированный правовой сайт КонсультантПлюс. http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_142515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal Law No. 15-FZ of 23.02.2013 “On the protection of citizens’ health from the effects of ambient tobacco smoke and the consequences of tobacco consumption”. b.m.: Specialized legal website ConsultantPlus. 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