References

cardiovascular

Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика

Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention

1728-88002619-0125

«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC

10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2952

cardiovascular-2952

Research Article

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ

METHODICAL GUIDELINES

Российское общество профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний (РОПНИЗ). Алиментарно-зависимые факторы риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний и привычки питания: диетологическая коррекция в рамках профилактического консультирования. Методические рекомендации

Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases (ROPNIZ). Alimentary-dependent risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases and eating habits: dietary correction within the framework of preventive counseling. Methodological Guidelines

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430

Драпкина

О. М.

Drapkina

O. M.

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор.

Москва.

Moscow.

cardiovasc.journal@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-712X

Карамнова

Н. С.

Karamnova

N. S.

Кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории эпидемиологии питания.

Москва.

Тел.: +7 (985) 997-76-50

Tel.: +7 (985) 997-76-50

Moscow.

nkaramnova@gnicpm.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-1536

Концевая

А. В.

Kontsevaya

A. V.

Доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заместитель директора по научной и аналитической работе.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-0186

Горный

Б. Э.

Gorny

B. E.

Кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела первичной профилактики хронических неинфекционных заболеваний в системе здравоохранения.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-4480

Дадаева

В. А.

Dadaeva

V. A.

Кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4529-3308

Дроздова

Л. Ю.

Drozdova

L. Yu.

Кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории поликлинической терапии.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-5876

Еганян

Р. А.

Yeganyan

R. A.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0143-0849

Елиашевич

С. О.

Eliashevich

S. O.

Научный сотрудник отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-6844

Измайлова

О. В.

Izmailova

O. V.

Кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий редактор отдела первичной профилактики хронических неинфекционных заболеваний в системе здравоохранения.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1429-8154

Лавренова

Е. А.

Lavrenova

E. A.

Врач эндокринолог-диетолог, научный сотрудник отдела прикладных и фундаментальных аспектов ожирения.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-7868

Лищенко

О. В.

Lischenko

O. V.

Кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории поликлинической терапии.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0725

Скрипникова

И. А.

Skripnikova

I. A.

Доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела профилактики остеопороза.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-4144

Швабская

О. Б.

Shvabskaya

O. B.

Научный сотрудник лаборатории эпидемиологии питания.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-4275

Шишкова

В. Н.

Shishkova

V. N.

Доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела профилактики остеопороза.

Москва.

Moscow.

Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины Министерство здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive MedicineRussian Federation

2021

16092021

20529522952

Copyright © Драпкина О.М., Карамнова Н.С., Концевая А.В., Горный Б.Э., Дадаева В.А., Дроздова Л.Ю., Еганян Р.А., Елиашевич С.О., Измайлова О.В., Лавренова Е.А., Лищенко О.В., Скрипникова И.А., Швабская О.Б., Шишкова В.Н., 2021

2021

Драпкина О.М., Карамнова Н.С., Концевая А.В., Горный Б.Э., Дадаева В.А., Дроздова Л.Ю., Еганян Р.А., Елиашевич С.О., Измайлова О.В., Лавренова Е.А., Лищенко О.В., Скрипникова И.А., Швабская О.Б., Шишкова В.Н.

Drapkina O.M., Karamnova N.S., Kontsevaya A.V., Gorny B.E., Dadaeva V.A., Drozdova L.Y., Yeganyan R.A., Eliashevich S.O., Izmailova O.V., Lavrenova E.A., Lischenko O.V., Skripnikova I.A., Shvabskaya O.B., Shishkova V.N.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2952

Методические рекомендации разработаны как практический документ для медицинских специалистов, работающих в области профилактической медицины, с целью расширения и совершенствования оказания этого вида медицинской услуги взрослому населению. Методические рекомендации включают информационно-содержательную часть для медицинских специалистов и практическую часть для пациентов, представленную в формате памяток, содержат основные разделы — здоровое питание, коррекция пищевых привычек, вопросы модификации рациона при основных алиментарно-зависимых факторах риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, таких как артериальная гипертония, ожирение, нарушения липидного, углеводного и пуринового обменов, снижение минеральной плотности костной ткани. Предназначены они для медицинских специалистов, работающих в сфере профилактики, для врачей и среднего медицинского персонала кабинетов и отделений медицинской профилактики, центров общественного здоровья и медицинской профилактики, специалистов здорового образа жизни, преподавателей медицинских образовательных учреждений, для специалистов, разрабатывающих и реализующих образовательные программы для пациентов, а также для медицинских специалистов терапевтического профиля.

The methodological guidelines are developed as a practical document for medical specialists working in the field of preventive medicine, in order to expand and improve the provision of this type of medical service to the adult population. The methodological guidelines include an informational and informative part for medical specialists and a practical part for patients, presented in the format of memos, contain the main sections-healthy nutrition, correction of eating habits, issues of modifying the diet for the main alimentary-dependent risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases, such as arterial hypertension, obesity, disorders of lipid, carbohydrate and purine metabolism, a decrease in bone mineral density. They are intended for medical specialists working in the field of prevention, for doctors and secondary medical personnel of offices and departments of medical prevention, public health and medical prevention centers, healthy lifestyle specialists, teachers of medical educational institutions, for specialists who develop and implement educational programs for patients, as well as for medical specialists of a therapeutic profile.

алиментарно-зависимые факторы рискаартериальная гипертониягиперурикемиягипергликемиядиетадиетологическое консультированиедислипидемияздоровое питаниеожирениепищевые привычкихронические неинфекционные заболевания

alimentary-dependent risk factorsarterial hypertensionhyperuricemiahyperglycemiadietdietary counselingdyslipidemiahealthy eatingobesityeating habitschronic non-communicable diseases

References1

Globalization, diets and noncommunicable diseases. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002 http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/9241590416.pdf. (22 June 2021).

Kolb H, Martin S. Environmental/lifestyle factors in the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes. BMC Med. 2017;15(1):131. doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0901-x.

Koene RJ, Prizment AE, Blaes A, Konety SH. Shared risk factors in cardiovascular disease and cancer. Circulation. 2016;133:1104-14. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020406.

GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019;393:1958-72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8.

Драпкина О. М., Дроздова Л. Ю., Калинина А. М. и др. Организация проведения профилактического медицинского осмотра и диспансеризации определенных групп взрослого населения: методические рекомендации. Издание 2-е. М.: ФГБУ “НМИЦ ТПМ” Минздрава России, 2020. с. 232. ISBN: 978-5-6043991-1-8. https://gnicpm.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/org_prov_prof_med.pdf

Drapkina OM, Drozdova LYu, Kalinina AM, et al. Organization of preventive medical examination and clinical examination of certain groups of the adult population: guidelines. Izdanie 2-e. M.: FGBU “NMIC TPM” Minzdrava Rossii, 2020. р. 232. (In Russ.)

Oster G, Thompson D, Edelsberg J, et al. Lifetime health and economic benefits of weight loss among obese persons. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(10):1536-42. doi:10.2105/ajph.89.10.1536.

Kenkel DS, Manning W. Economic evaluation of nutrition policy. Or there's no such thing as a free lunch. Food policy.1999;24:145-62. doi:10.1016/S0306-9192(99)00019-6.

Riboli E, Norat T. Epidemiologic evidence of the protective effect of fruit and vegetables on cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3 Suppl):559S-69. doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.3.559S.

World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Third Expert Report Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. Continuous Update Project Expert Report 2018. https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer. (23 April 2021).

Cordain L, Eaton SB, Sebastian A, et al. Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81(2):341-54. doi:10.1093/ajcn.81.2.341.

Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020. World Health Organization; Geneva, Switzerland: 2013. ISBN: 978-92-4-150623-6. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506236.

Hu D, Huang J, Wang Y, et al. Fruits and vegetables consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Stroke. 2014;45(6):1613-9. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.004836.

Mihrshahi S, Dobson AJ, Mishra GD. Fruit and vegetable consumption and prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms in mid-age women: results from the Australian longitudinal study on women's health. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(5):585-91. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.222.

Luo C, Zhang Y, Ding Y, et al. Nut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(1):256-69. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.076109.

Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Hoffmann G, et al. Food groups and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(6):1462-73. doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.153148.

Zurbau A, Au-Yeung F, Mejia SB, et al. Relation of Different Fruit and Vegetable Sources With Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(19):e017728. doi:10.1161/JAHA.120.017728.

The World Health Report 2002. Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. WHO, 2002, 236 p. ISBN 9241562072. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42510/WHR_2002.pdf?sequence=1.

Robertson A, Tirado C, Lobstein T, et al. Food and health in Europe: a new basis for action WHO regional publications. European series. 2004;96. 505 p. (In Russ.) Питание и здоровье в Европе: новая основа для действий. Под редакцией: Robertson A, Tirado C, Lobstein T и др. Региональные публикации ВОЗ, Европейская серия. 2004; 96. 505 с. ISBN: 92-890-4363-6. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/74421/E82161R.pdf (24 April 2021).

Robertson A, Tirado C, Lobstein T, et al. Food and health in Europe: a new basis for action WHO regional publications. European series. 2004;96. 505 p. (In Russ.)

Wei H, Gao Z, Liang R, et al. Whole-grain consumption and the risk of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Br J Nutr. 2016;116(3):514-25. doi:10.1017/S0007114516001975.

Gaesser GA. Whole Grains, Refined Grains, and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3756. doi:10.3390/nu12123756.

Marventano S, Pulido MI, Sanchez-Gonzalez C, et al. Legume consumption and CVD risk: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20(2):245-54. doi:10.1017/S1368980016002299.

Viguiliouk E, Glenn AJ, Nishi SK, et al. Associations between Dietary Pulses Alone or with Other Legumes and Cardiometabolic Disease Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(4): 308-19. doi:10.1093/advances/nmz113.

Chowdhury R, Stevens S, Gorman D, et al. Association between fish consumption, long chain omega 3 fatty acids, and risk of cerebrovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012;345:e6698. doi:10.1136/bmj.e6698.

Zhang B, Xiong K, Cai J, Ma A. Fish Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2278. doi:10.3390/nu12082278.

Yu XF, Zou J, Dong J. Fish consumption and risk of gastrointestinal cancers: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(41):15398-412. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i41.15398.

Zhao L-G, Sun J-W, Yang Y, et al. Fish consumption and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016;70(2):155-61. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.72.

Muller H, Kirkhus B, Pedersen JI. Serum cholesterol predictive equations with special emphasis on trans and saturated fatty acids. an analysis from designed controlled studies. Lipids. 2001;36(8):783-91. doi:10.1007/s11745-001-0785-6.

27 Muller H, Kirkhus B, Pedersen JI. Serum cholesterol predictive equations with special emphasis on trans and saturated fatty acids. an analysis from designed controlled studies. Lipids. 2001;36(8):783-91. doi:10.1007/s11745-001-0785-6.

Yu S, Derr J, Etherton TD, Kris-Etherton PM. Plasma cholesterolpredictive equations demonstrate that stearic acid is neutral and monounsaturated fatty acids are hypocholesterolemic. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61(5):1129-39. doi:10.1093/ajcn/61.4.1129.

Renaud S, Lanzmann-Petithory D. Coronary heart disease: dietary links and pathogenesis. Public Health Nutr. 2001;4(2B):459-74. doi:10.1079/phn2001134.

Puska P. Nutrition and mortality: the Finnish experience. Acta Cardiol. 2000;55(4):213-20. doi:10.2143/AC.55.4.2005743.

Hooper L, Martin N, Jimoh OF, et al. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;8:CD011737. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011737.pub3.

Рацион, питание и предупреждение хронических заболеваний. Доклад Совместного консультативного совещания экспертов ВОЗ/ФАО Женева, Всемирная организация здравоохранения, 2003г. (Серия технических докладов ВОЗ, 916) http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42665/WHO_TRS_916_rus.pdf?ua=1. (24 April 2021).

Diet, nutrition and prevention of chronic diseases. Report of the Joint WHO / FAO Expert Consultation Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003. (WHO Technical Report Series; 916). (In Russ.)

de Souza RJ, Mente A, Maroleanu A, et al. Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ. 2015;351:h3978. doi:10.1136/bmj.h3978.

Ricci C, Baumgartner J, Zec M, et al. Type of dietary fat intakes in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality in US adults: An iso-energetic substitution analysis from the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey linked to the US mortality registry. Br J Nutr. 2018;119:456-63. doi:10.1017/S0007114517003889.

Li Y, Hruby A, Bernstein AM, et al. Saturated Fats Compared With Unsaturated Fats and Sources of Carbohydrates in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(14):1538-48. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.055.

Van Dael P. Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: review of recent studies and recommendations. Nutr Res Pract. 2021;15(2):137-59. doi:10.4162/nrp.2021.15.2.137.

Mozaffarian D, Wu JH. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(20):2047-67. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.063.

Schmidt EB, Skou HA, Christensen JH, Dyerberg J. n-3 fatty acids from fish and coronary artery disease: implications for public health. Public Health Nutr. 2000;3(1):91-8. doi:10.1017/s1368980000000112.

Всемирная организация здравоохранения, официальный сайт. Вопросы и ответы о канцерогенности красного мяса и мясной продукции. http://www.who.int/features/qa/cancer-red-meat/ru/. (24 June 2021).

World Health Organization, official site. Questions and answers about the carcinogenicity of red meat and meat products. (In Russ.)

Нутрициология и клиническая диетология: национальное руководство под ред. В. А. Тутельяна, Д. Б. Никитюка. Москва: ГОЭТАР-Медиа, 2020. 656 c. ISBN: 978-5-9704-5352-0.

Nutritional science and clinical nutrition. National guidelines. ed. Tutel'yan VA, Nikitiuk DB. Moscow: GOETAR-Media, 2020. 656 p. (In Russ.)

Schottker B, Jorde R, Peasey A, et al. Vitamin D and mortality: meta-analysis of individual participant data from a large consortium of cohort studies from Europe and the United States. BMJ. 2014;348:g3656. doi:10.1136/bmj.g3656.

EURODIET Nutrition and Diet for Healthy Lifestyles in Europe: Science and Policy Implications Working Party 1 final report, 2000. p. 21 https://ec.europa.eu/health/archive/ph_determinants/life_style/nutrition/report01_en.pdf (23 June 2021).

WHO, UNICEF. Iodine deficiency in Europe: A continuing public health problem. Geneva, World Health Organization. 2007. ISBN: 9789241593960. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43398/9789241593960_eng.pdf?ua=1. (25 June 2021).

Salt reduction and iodine fortification strategies in public health: report of a joint technical meeting convened by the World Health Organization and The George Institute for Global Health in collaboration with the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Global Network, Sydney, Australia, March 2013. 36 р. ISBN: 9789241506694. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/978924150669. (28.07.2021)

Alderman MH. Salt, blood pressure, and human health. Hypertension. 2000;36(5):890-3. doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.5.890.

Perry IJ. Dietary salt intake and cerebrovascular damage. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2000;10(4):229-35.

He FJ, MacGregor GA. A comprehensive review on salt and health and current experience of worldwide salt reduction programmes. J Hum Hypertens. 2009;23(6):363-84. doi:10.1038/jhh.2008.144.

Mozaffarian D, Fahimi S, Singh GM, et al. Global sodium consumption and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):624-34. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1304127.

Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, et al. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(1):3-10. doi:10.1056/NEJM200101043440101.

Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children. World Health Organization, 2012. ISBN 978 92 4 150483 6. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/110243/retrieve. (26 April 2021).

Selmer RM, Kristiansen IS, Haglerod A, et al. Cost and health consequences of reducing the population intake of salt. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000;54(9):697-702. doi:10.1136/jech.54.9.697.

Официальный сайт Федеральной службы государственной статистики. Итоги “Выборочного наблюдения рациона питания населения”. https://rosstat.gov.ru/itog_inspect. (24 April 2021).

Federal Service of State Statistics of the Russian Federation, official website Results of the “Selective observation of the diet of the population”. (In Russ.)

Карамнова Н.С., Шальнова С.А., Деев А. Д. и др. от имени участников исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Характер питания взрослого населения по данным эпидемиологического исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2018;17(4):61-6. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2018-4-61-66.

Karamnova NS, Shalnova SА, Deev АD, et al. on behalf of the the study team ESSE-RF. Nutrition characteristics of adult inhabitants by ESSE-RF study. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2018;17(4):61-6. (In Russ.)

Цветовая индикация на маркировке пищевой продукции в целях информирования потребителей. Методические рекомендации. МР 2.3.0122-18. Москва, 2018. https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/documents/details.php?ELEMENT_ID=10127. (24 June 2021).

Color indication on the labeling of food products in order to inform consumers. Guidelines. MR 2.3.0122-18. Moscow, 2018. (In Russ.)

Johnson RK, Appel LJ, Brands M, et al. Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2009;120(11):1011-20. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192627.

World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR). Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: A global perspective. Washington, DC: AICR; 2007. ISBN: 978-0-9722522-2-5. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/4841/1/4841.pdf.

Elia M, Cummings JH. Physiological aspects of energy metabolism and gastrointestinal effects of carbohydrates. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61(1):40-74. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602938.

Hauner H, Bechthold A, Boeing H, et al. Evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society: carbohydrate intake and prevention of nutrition-related diseases. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;60(1):1-58. doi:10.1159/000335326.

Malik VS, Pan A, Willett WC, Hu FB. Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(4):1084-102. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.058362.

Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a metaanalysis. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(11):2477-83. doi:10.2337/dc10-1079.

Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(2):274-88. doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.1.274.

Vartanian LR, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(4):667-75. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.083782.

Te Morenga L, Mallard S, Mann J. Dietary sugars and body weight: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. BMJ. 2012;346:e7492. doi:10.1136/bmj.e7492.

Te Morenga LA, Howatson AJ, Jones RM, Mann J. Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of the effects on blood pressure and lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(1):65-79. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.081521.

Moynihan P, Petersen PE. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of dental diseases. Public Health Nutr. 2004;7(1A):201-6. doi:10.1079/phn2003589.

Sheiham A, James WP. A reappraisal of the quantitative relationship between sugar intake and dental caries: the need for new criteria for developing goals for sugar intake. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:863. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-863.

Sheiham A, James WP. A new understanding of the relationship between sugars, dental caries and fluoride use: implications for limits on sugars consumption. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17(10):2176-84. doi:10.1017/S136898001400113X.

Sheiham A. Dietary effects on dental diseases. Public Health Nutr. 2001;4(2B):569-91. doi:10.1079/phn2001142.

Guideline: sugars intake for adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2015. ISBN 978 92 4 154902 8. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/668769/retrieve. (26 April 2021).

Buckland G, Gonzalez CA, Agudo A, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of coronary heart disease in the Spanish EPIC Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170(12):1518-29. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp282.

Ros E, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Estruch R, et al. Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular health: Teachings of the PREDIMED study. Adv Nutr. 2014;5(3):330S-6S. doi:10.3945/an.113.005389.

Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Galbete C, Hoffmann G. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of Cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2017;9(10):1063. doi:10.3390/nu9101063.

Schwingshackl L, Missbach B, Konig J, Hoffmann G. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(7):1292-9. doi:10.1017/S1368980014001542.

Salas-Salvado J, Guasch-Ferre M, Lee CH, et al. Protective Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. J Nutr. 2015;146(4):920-7. doi:10.3945/jn.115.218487.

Andreu-Reinon ME, Chirlaque MD, Gavrila D, et al. Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease in the EPICSpain Dementia Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):700. doi:10.3390/nu13020700.

Olsen A, Egeberg R, Halkj®r J, et al. Healthy aspects of the Nordic diet are related to lower total mortality. J Nutr. 2011;141(4):639-44. doi:10.3945/jn.110.131375.

Lacoppidan SA, Kyr0 C, Loft S, et al. Adherence to a Healthy Nordic Food Index Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Type-2 Diabetes-The Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2015;7(10):8633-44. doi:10.3390/nu7105418.

77 Lacoppidan SA, Kyr0 C, Loft S, et al. Adherence to a Healthy Nordic Food Index Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Type-2 Diabetes-The Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2015;7(10):8633-44. doi:10.3390/nu7105418.

Hansen CP, Overvad K, Kyr0 C, et al. Adherence to a Healthy Nordic Diet and Risk of Stroke: A Danish Cohort Study. Stroke. 2017;48(2):259-64. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015019.

Tertsunen HM, Hantunen S, Tuomainen TP, Virtanen JK. Healthy Nordic diet and risk of disease death among men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(8):3545-53. doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02188-2.

Adamsson V, Reumark A, Fredriksson IB, et al. Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolaemic subjects: a randomized controlled trial (NORDIET). J Intern Med. 2011;269(2):150-9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02290.x.

World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Healthy nutrition: plan of action to develop regional programmes in the Russian Federation. Report on a meeting, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation, 10-20 September 2000. Copenhagen: WNO; 2001. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/108427/E73183.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. (24 June 2021).

Нормы физиологических потребностей в энергии и пищевых веществах для различных групп населения Российской Федерации. Методические рекомендации. МР 2.3.1.2432-08. М.: Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора, 2009. 36 с. https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?event1=file&event2=download&event3=mr-2.3.1.2432_08.doc&goto=/upload/iblock/3ba/mr-2.3.1.2432_08.doc. (22 June 2021).

Norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation. Methodological recommendations. MP 2.3.1.2432-08. M: Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, 2009. p. 36. (In Russ.)

Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения. Официальный сайт. Здоровое питание. https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet. (22 June 2021).

World Health Organization. Official site. Healthy eating. (In Russ.) Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения. Официальный сайт. Здоровое питание. https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet. (22 June 2021).

Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition: report of an expert consultation 10-14 November 2008 Geneva. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2010. ISBN: 97892-5-106733-8. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/nutrition/docs/requirements/fatsandfattacidsreport.pdf.

Nishida C, Uauy R. WHO scientific update on health consequences of trans fatty acids: introduction. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009; 63(2):1-4. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.13.

Guidelines: Saturated fatty acid and trans-fatty acid intake for adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018, p. 103. https://extranet.who.int/dataform/upload/surveys/666752/files/Draft%20WHO%20SFA-TFA%20guidelines_04052018%20Public%20Consultation.pdf (23 June 2021).

REPLACE: An action package to eliminate industrially produced trans-fatty acids. WHO/NMH/NHD/18.4. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331301?show=full. (23 June 2021).

Карамнова Н.С., Измайлова О. В., Калинина А. М. Консультирование по питанию лиц молодого возраста: оценка и коррекция пищевых привычек. CardioСоматика. 2018;9(3):10-6. doi:10.26442/2221-7185_2018.3.10-16.

Karamnova NS, Izmailova OV, Kalinina AM. Diet counseling for young people: assessment and correction of eating habits. Cardiosomatics. 2018;9(3):10-6. (In Russ.)

Глобальное бремя болезней: региональное издание для Европы и Центральной Азии Институт по измерению показателей здоровья и оценке состояния здоровья, Сеть человеческого развития, Всемирный банк. Seattle, WA: IHME, 2013. ISBN: 978-0-9894752-5-9. http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/policy_report/2013/WB_EuropeCentralAsia/IHME_GBD_WorldBank_EuropeCentralAsia_FullReport_RUSSIAN.pdf (25 June 2021).

Global Burden of Disease: regional publication. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Human Development Network, The World Bank. Seattle, WA: IHME, 2013. (In Russ.)

Чазова И. Е., Жернакова Ю. В. от имени экспертов. Клинические рекомендации. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии. Системные гипертензии. 2019;16(1):6-31. doi:10.26442/2075082X.2019.1.190179.

Chazova IE, Zhernakova YuV on behalf of the experts. Clinical guidelines. Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension. Systemic Hypertension. 2019;16(1):6-31. (In Russ.)

Кардиоваскулярная профилактика 2017. Российские национальные рекомендации. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018;(6):1-123. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2018-6-7-122.

Cardiovascular prevention 2017. Russian national recommendation. Russian Journal of Cardiology 2018;(6):1-123. (In Russ.)

Глобальный план действий ВОЗ по профилактике неинфекционных заболеваний и борьбе с ними на 2013-2020. ВОЗ, Женева, 2014; 114 с. ISBN: 978-92-4-450623-3. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/94384/9789244506233_rus.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y.

Global plan of action for non-communicable disease prevention and management by 2013-2020. WHO, Geneva, 2014; p. 49. (In Russ.)

Micha R, Shulkin ML, Penalvo JL, et al. Etiologic effects and optimal intakes of foods and nutrients for risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: systematic reviews and meta-analyses from the Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE). PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175149. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175149.

He FJ, Li J, MacGregor GA. Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(4):CD004937. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004937.pub2.

Kazi DS, Bibbins-Domingo K. Accurately Predicting Cardiovascular Risk-and Acting on It. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(1):61-2. doi:10.7326/M19-3662.

Moore TJ, Conlin PR, Ard J, et al. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is effective treatment for stage 1 isolated systolic hypertension. Hypertension. 2001;38:155-8. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.38.2.155.

Collins R, MacMahon S. Blood pressure, antihypertensive drug treatment and the risks of stroke and of coronary heart disease. Br Med Bull. 1994;50(2):272-98. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072892.

Кобалава Ж.Д., Виллевальде С. В., Троицкая Е. А. Потребление поваренной соли и АГ: есть ли основание для смены позиции? Кардиология. 2013;10:75-8.

Kobalava ZHD, Villeval'de SV, Troickaya EA. Salt consumption and AH: have we base for position changing? Kardiologiya. 2013;10:75-8. (In Russ.)

Баланова Ю. А., Куценко В.А., Шальнова С. А. и др. Взаимосвязь избыточного потребления соли, выявляемого по опросу, с уровнем натрия в моче и артериальным давлением (результаты исследования ЭССЕ). Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(6):3791. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3791.

Balanova YuA, Kutsenko VA, Shalnova SA, et al. Correlation of excess salt intake identified by the survey with urine sodium level and blood pressure: data of ESSE-RF study. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(6):3791. (In Russ.)

100

Тутельян В. А., Вялков А. И., Разумов А. Н. и др. Научные основы здорового питания. М.: Издательский дом “Панорама”, 2010. 816 с. ISBN: 978-5-86472-224-4.

Tutel'yan VA, Vyalkov AI, Razumov AN, et al. Science base of healthy nutrition. M.: “Panorama”, 2010. p. 810. (In Russ.).

101

Цветкова М.В., Хирманов В.Н., Зыбина Н.Н. Роль неэтерифицированных жирных кислот в патогенезе сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Артериальная гипертензия. 2010;16(1):93-103. doi:10.18705/1607-419X-2010-16-1-93-103.

Tsvetkova MV, Khirmanov VN, Zybina NN. The role of nonesterified fatty acids in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. “Arterial'naya Gipertenziya” (“Arterial Hypertension”). 2010;16(1):93-103. (In Russ.)

102

Engler MM. Role of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Hypertension. Ann Nurs Pract. 2017;4(1):1077.

103

Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J. 2016;1;37(29):2315-81. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106.

104

Seriki AS. Salt, Glucose, and Hypertension: Interactions, Benefits and Risk. J Cardiol Cardiovasc Ther. 2017;4(2):555634. doi:10.19080/JOCCT.2017.04.555634.

105

Van Horn L, Carson JA, Appel LJ, et al. Recommended Dietary Pattern to Achieve Adherence to the American Heart Association/ American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) Guidelines. A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134(22):e505-29. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000462.

106

Sabaka P, Dukat A, Gajdosik J, et al. The effects of body weight loss and gain on arterial hypertension control: an observational prospective study. Eur J Med Res. 2017;22(1):43. doi:10.1186/s40001-017-0286-5.

107

Hajer GR, van Haeften TW, Visseren FLJ. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(24):2959-71. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn387.

108

Jordan J, Yumuk V, Schlaich M, et al. Joint statement of the European Association for the Study of Obesity and the European Society of Hypertension: obesity and difficult to treat arterial hypertension. J Hypertens. 2012;30(6):1047-55. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283537347.

109

Xin X, He J, Frontini MG, et al. Effects of alhohol reduction on BP: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2001;38:1112-7. doi:10.1161/hy1101.093424.

110

Остроумова О. Д., Саперова Е. В. Алкоголь и артериальная гипертония. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2014;10(1):79-82. doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2014-10-1-79-82.

Ostroumova OD, Saperova EV. Alcohol and arterial hypertension. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2014;10(1):79-82. (In Russ.)

111

Madden KM, Lockhart C, Cuff D, et al. Short-term aerobic exercise reduces arterial stiffness in older adults with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(8):1531-5. doi:10.2337/dc09-0149.

112

Rossi A, Dikareva A, Bacon SL, Daskalopoulou SS. The impact of physical activity on mortality in patients with high blood pressure: a systematic review. J Hypertens. 2012;30(7):1277-88. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283544669.

113

Fagard RH. Exercise therapy in hypertensive cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;53(6):404-11. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2011.03.006.

114

Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz R, et al. ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. 2013 Practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC): ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2013;31(10):1925-38. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328364ca4c.

115

DiNicolantonio JJ, Lucan SC, O'Keefe JH. The Evidence for Saturated Fat and for Sugar Related to Coronary Heart Disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;58(5):464-72. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2015.11.006.

116

DASH ranked Best Diet Overall for eighth year in a row by U. S. News and World Report”. National Institutes of Health (NIH). 2018. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/dash-ranked-best-diet-overall-eighth-year-row-us-news-world-report. (22 June 2021).

117

Kontsevaya A, Shalnova S, Deev A, et al. Overweight and Obesity in the Russian Population: Prevalence in Adults and Association with Socioeconomic Parameters and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Obes Facts. 2019;12(1):103-14. doi:10.1159/000493885.

118

Муромцева Г. А., Концевая А. В., Константинов В. В. и др. Распространенность факторов риска неинфекционных заболеваний в российской популяции в 2012—2013 гг. Результаты исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2014;13(6):4-11. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11.

Muromtseva GA, Kontsevaya AV, Konstantinov VV, et al. The prevalence of non-infectious diseases risk factors in Russian population in 2012-2013 years. the results of ECVD-RF. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2014;13(6):4-11. (In Russ.)

119

Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Fielding RA, et al. Aging of skeletal muscle: a 12-yr longitudinal study. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88(4):1321-6. doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.4.1321.

120

Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, et al. Years of Life Lost Due to Obesity. JAMA. 2003;289(2):187-93. doi:10.1001/jama.289.2.187.

121

Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, et al. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1083-96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4.

122

Дедов И. И., Шестакова М. В., Галстян Г. Р. Распространенность сахарного диабета 2 типа у взрослого населения России (исследование NATION). Сахарный диабет. 2016;19(2):104-12. doi:10.14341/DM2004116-17.

Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Galstyan G. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the adult population of Russia (NATION study). Diabetes mellitus. 2016;19(2):104-12. (In Russ.)

123

Bloch MJ. Recent data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) demonstrates no improvement in U.S. blood pressure control rates. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2018;12:3-4. doi:10.1016/j.jash.2017.11.003.

124

Бондаренко И.З., Шпагина О. В. Патогенетические основы развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при ожирении. Трудности диагностики и лечения. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2015;12(4):47-51. doi:10.14341/omet2015447-51.

Bondarenko IZ, Shpagina OV. The pathogenic basis for the development of cardiovascular disease in obesity: difficulties of diagnosis and treatment. Obesity and metabolism. 2015;12(4):47-51. (In Russ.)

125

Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. Circulation. 2014;129:102-38. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee.

126

Winter JE, MacInnis RJ, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Nowson CA. BMI and all-cause mortality in older adults: a meta-analysis. AM J Clin Nutr. 2014;99:875-90. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.068122.

127

Stenholm S, Harris TB, Rantanen T, et al. Sarcopenic obesity — definition, etiology and consequences. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11(6):693-700. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328312c37d.

128

Шляхто Е.В., Недогода С.В., Конради А. О. и др. Концепция новых национальных клинических рекомендаций по ожирению. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2016;4(132):7-13. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2016-4-7-13.

Shlyakhto EV, Nedogoda SV, Konradi АО. The concept of novel national clinical guidelines on obesity. Russ J Cardiol. 2016;4(132):7-13. (In Russ.)

129

Fong M, Caterson ID, Madigan CD. Are large dinners associated with excess weight, and does eating a smaller dinner achieve greater weight loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2017;118(8):616-28. doi:10.1017/S0007114517002550.

130

Дедов И. И., Шестакова М. В., Мельниченко Г. А. и др. Междисциплинарные клинические рекомендации “Лечение ожирения и коморбидных заболеваний”. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2021;18(1):5-99. doi:10.14341/omet12714.

Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Melnichenko GA, et al. Interdisciplinary Clinical Practice Guidelines “Management of obesity and its comorbidities”. Obesity and metabolism. 2021;18(1):5-99. (In Russ.)

131

Knowler WC, Barret-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393-403. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa012512.

132

Wing RR, Lang W, Wadden TA, et al. Benefits of modest weight loss in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(7):1481-6. doi:10.2337/dc10-2415.

133

Dattilo AM, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56(2):320-8. doi:10.1093/ajcn/56.2.320.

134

Tuomilehto H, Seppa J, Uusitupa M, et al. The impact of weight reduction in the prevention of the progression of obstructive sleep apnea: an explanatory analysis of a 5-year observational follow-up trial. Sleep Med. 2014;15(3):329-35. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.786.

135

Warkentin LM, Das D, Majumdar SR, et al. The effect of weight loss on health-related quality of life: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized trials. Obes Rev. 2014;15(3):169-82. doi:10.1111/obr.12113.

136

World Health Organization. Raised cholesterol. https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/3236. (28 June 2021).

137

Kota SK, Jammula S, Kota SK, et al. Nutraceuticals in dyslipidemia management. J Med Nutr Nutraceut. 2013;2(1):26-40. doi:10.4103/2278-019X.105328.

138

Silverman MG, Ference BA, Im K, et al. Association between lowering LDL-C and cardiovascular risk reduction among different therapeutic interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;316(12):1289-97. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.13985.

139

Davidson MH, Toth PP, Maki KC. Therapeutic Lipidology, Contemporary Cardiology, Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021:415-689. ISBN: 978-3-030-56514-5.

140

Sullivan DR, Lewis B. A classification of lipoprotein disorders: implications for clinical management. Clin Lipidol. 2011;6:327-38. doi:10.1136/jcp.s1-5.1.26.

141

Кухарчук В. В., Ежов М.В., Сергиенко И. В. и др. Диагностика и коррекция нарушений липидного обмена с целью профилактики и лечения атеросклероза. Российские рекомендации, VII пересмотр. Атеросклероз и дислипидемии. 2020;1(38):7-42. doi:10.34687/2219-8202.JAD.2020.01.0002.

Kukharchuk VV, Ezhov MV, Sergienko IV, et al. Diagnostics and correction of lipid metabolism disorders in order to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. Russian recommendations VII revision. Ateroskleroz i dislipidemii. 2020;1(38):7-42. (In Russ.)

142

Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/ AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol. JACC. 2018;25709. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.002.

143

Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J. 2020;41:111-88. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455.

144

Ferraro RA, Fischer NM, Xun H, Michos ED. Nutrition and physical activity recommendations from the United States and European cardiovascular guidelines: a comparative review. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2020;35(5):508-16. doi:0.1097/hco.0000000000000763.

145

Appel LJ, Sacks FM, Carey VJ, et al. Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the Omni Heart randomized trial. JAMA. 2005;294(19):2455-64. doi:10.1001/jama.294.19.2455.

146

Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S76-99. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1.

147

Mozaffarian D, Clarke R. Quantitative effects on cardiovascular risk factors and coronary heart disease risk of replacing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils with other fats and oils. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009;63(Suppl 2):S22-33. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602976.

148

Mozaffarian D, Katan MB, Ascherio A. Trans Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1601-13. doi:10.1056/NEJMra054035.

149

Hunter JE. Dietary trans-Fatty Acids: Review of Recent Human Studies and Food Industry Responses. Lipids. 2006;41:967-92. doi:10.1007/s11745-006-5049-y.

150

Uauy R, Aro A, Clarke R, et al. WHO Scientific Update on trans fatty acids: summary and conclusions. Eur J Clinl Nutrit. 2009;63(S2):S68-S75. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.15.

151

Ras RT, Geleijnse JM, Trautwein EA. LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols and stanols across different dose ranges: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies. Br J Nutr. 2014;112(2):214-9. doi:10.1017/S0007114514000750.

152

Jacobson TA, Maki KC, Orringer CE, et al. National Lipid Association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia: part 2. J Clin Lipidol. 2015;9(6):S1-122.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2015.09.002.

153

Segura R, Javierre C, Lizarraga MA, Ros E. Other relevant components of nuts: Phytosterols, folate and minerals. Br J Nutr. 2006;99(2):447-8. doi:10.1017/bjn20061862.

154

Dumolt JH, Rideout TC. The lipid-lowering effects and associated mechanisms of dietary phytosterol supplementation. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(34):5077-85. doi:10.2174/1381612823666170725142337.

155

Ras RT, Van Der Schouw YT, Trautwein EA, et al. Intake of phytosterols from natural sources and risk of cardiovascular disease in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-the Netherlands (EPIC-NL) population. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22(8):1067-75. doi:10.1177/2047487314554864.

156

Brown L, Rosner B, Willett WW, Sacks FM. Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69(1):30-42. doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.1.30.

157

Whitehead A, Beck EJ, Tosh S, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effects of oat в-glucan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials! Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100:1413-21. doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.086108.

158

Vincent MJ, Allen B, Palacios OM, et al. Meta-regression analysis of the effects of dietary cholesterol intake on LDL and HDL cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(1):7-16. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy273.

159

Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(25 Pt B):2985-3023. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.004.

160

Poobalan A, Aucott L, Smith WCS, et al. Effects of weight loss in overweight/obese individuals and long-term lipid outcomes — a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2004;5(1):43-50. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2004.00127.x.

161

McCoin M, Sikand G, Johnson EQ, et al. The effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy delivered by registered dietitians for disorders of lipid metabolism: a call for further research. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(2):233-9. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2007.10.041.

162

Sikand G, Cole RE, Handu D, et al. Clinical and cost benefits of medical nutrition therapy by registered dietitian nutritionists for management of dyslipidemia: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Clin Lipidol. 2018;12(5):1113-22. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2018.06.016.

163

Rimm EB, Williams P, Fosher K, et al. Moderate alcohol intake and lower risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of effects on lipids and haemostatic factors. BMJ. 1999;319:1523-8. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7224.1523.

164

NIH NIAA. What is a standard drink? https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/what-standard-drink. (28 June 2021).

165

Maki KC, Palacios OM, Lindner E, et al. Replacement of refined starches and added sugars with egg protein and unsaturated fats increases insulin sensitivity and lowers triglycerides in overweight or obese adults with elevated triglycerides. J Nutr. 2017;147(7):1267-74. doi:10.3945/jn.117.248641.

166

Steele EM, Baraldi LG, Da Costa Louzada ML, et al. Ultraprocessed foods and added sugars in the US diet: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e009892. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009892.

167

Jacobson TA, Ito MK, Maki KC, et al. National Lipid Association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia: part 1-full report. J Clin Lipidol. 2015;9(2):129-69. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2015.02.003.

168

Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction with Icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;380:11-22. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1812792.

169

Arnett D, Blumenthal RS, Albert M, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2019;26029. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678.

170

Wing RR, Espeland MA, Clark JM, et al. Association of weight loss maintenance and weight regain on 4-year changes in CVD risk factors: the action for health in diabetes (look AHEAD) clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(8):1345-55. doi:10.2337/dc16-0509.

171

Roussell MA, Kris-Etherton P. Effects of lifestyle interventions on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. J Clin Lipidol. 2007;1(1):65-73. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2007.02.005.

172

Gomez-Delgado F, Katsiki N, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Martinez P. Dietary habits, lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease: From individual foods to dietary patterns. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(10):1651-69. doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1764487.

173

Camargo A, Rangel-Zuniga OA, Haro C, et al. Olive oil phenolic compounds decrease the postprandial inflammatory response by reducing postprandial plasma lipopolysaccharide levels. Food Chem. 2014;162:161-71. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.047.

174

Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Garcia-Rios A, et al. CORonary Diet Intervention with Olive oil and cardiovascular PREVention study (the CORDIOPREV study): Rationale, methods, and baseline characteristics: A clinical trial comparing the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil versus a low-fat diet on cardiovascular disease in coronary patients. Am Heart J. 2016;177:42-50. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2016.04.011.

175

Appel LJ, Champagne CM, Harsha DW, et al. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. JAMA. 2003;289(16):2083-93. doi:10.1001/jama.289.16.2083.

176

Jenkins DJ, Jones PJ, Lamarche B, et al. Effect of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods given at 2 levels of intensity of dietary advice on serum lipids in hyperlipidemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2011;306(8):831-9. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1202.

177

Ferdowsian HR, Barnard ND. Effects of plant-based diets on plasma lipids. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104(7):947-56. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.032.

178

Becker W, Lyhne N, Pedersen AN, et al. Nordic nutrition recommendations — integrating nutrition and physical activity. Food and Nutrition Research. 2004;48(4):178-87. doi:10.1080/1102680410003794.

179

Tay J, Brinkworth GD, Noakes M, et al. Metabolic effects of weight loss on a very-low-carbohydrate diet compared with an isocaloric high-carbohydrate diet in abdominally obese subjects. JACC. 2008;51(1):59-67. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.08.050.

180

Lu Z, Kou W, Du B, et al. Effect of Xuezhikang, an extract from red yeast Chinese rice, on coronary events in a Chinese population with previous myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2008;101(12):1689-93. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.056.

181

Li Y, Jiang L, Jia Z, et al. A meta-analysis of red yeast rice: an effective and relatively safe alternative approach for dyslipidemia. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e98611. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098611.

182

Brannick B, Dagogo-Jack S. Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Interventions for Prevention and Risk Reduction. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2018;47(1):33-50. doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.10.001.

183

Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(2):88-98. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2017.151.

184

Rett K, Gottwald-Hostalek U. Understanding prediabetes: definition, prevalence, burden and treatment options for an emerging disease. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019;35(9):1529-34. doi:10.1080/03007995.2019.1601455.

185

Sallar A, Dagogo-Jack S. Regression from prediabetes to normal glucose regulation: State of the science. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2020;245(10):889-96. doi:10.1177/1535370220915644.

186

Ковригина М. Н., Поддубская Е. А., Марданов Б.У. и др. Ранние нарушения углеводного обмена в кардиологической практике: диагностика и лечение: пособие. Под ред. М.Н. Мамедова. М.: ФГБУ “Государственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины” Министерства Здравоохранения Российской Федерации. 2017. с. 108. doi:10.17116/profmed2017posob01.

Kovrigina MN, Poddubskaja EA, Mardanov BU, et al. Early carbohydrate metabolism disorders in cardiovascular practice: diagnosis and treatment: guidebook. Ed. by M.N. Mamedov. M.: National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 2017. p. 108. (In Russ.)

187

Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V и др. 2019 Рекомендации ESC/EASD по сахарному диабету, предиабету и сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(4):3839. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3839.

Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(4):3839. (In Russ.)

188

World Health Organization. Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate and hyperglycaemia. Report of a WHO/ IDF consultation. http://www.who.int/diabetes/publications/diagnosis_diabetes2006/en/ (June 24 2021).

189

World Health Organization. Use of Ggycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: abbreviated report of a WHO consultation. http://www.who.int/diabetes/publications/report-hba1c_2011.pdf (June 14 2021).

190

American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Suppl 1):13-28. doi:10.2337/dc19-S002.

191

Blaak EE, Antoine JM, Benton D, et al. Impact of postprandial glycaemia on health and prevention of disease. Obes Rev. 2012;13(10):923-84. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01011.x.

192

Heianza Y, Hara S, Arase Y, et al. HbA1c 5.7-6.4% and impaired fasting plasma glucose for diagnosis of prediabetes and risk of progression to diabetes in Japan (TOPICS 3): a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet. 2011;378(9786):147-55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60472-8.

193

Sievert K, Lawrence M, Naika A, et al. Processed Foods and Nutrition Transition in the Pacific: Regional Trends, Patterns and Food System Drivers. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1328. doi:10.3390/nu11061328.

194

Тутельян В. А., Шарафетдинов Х. Х., Кочеткова А. А. и др. Теоретические и практические аспекты диетотерапии при сахарном диабете 2 типа. Монография. М.: БиблиоГлобус, 2016. 243 с. doi:10.18334/9785990927896.

Tutelyan VA, Sharafetdinov KhKh, Kochetkova AA, et al. Theoretical and practical aspects of dietary therapy at type 2 diabetes mellitus. Monography. M.: Biblio-Globus, 2016. p. 243. (In Russ.)

195

Дедов И. И., Шестакова М. В., Майоров А. Ю. и др. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом/ Клинические рекомендации под редакцией И. И. Дедова, М. В. Шестаковой, А. Ю. Майорова. — 9-й выпуск (дополненный). Сахарный диабет. 2019;22(1S1):1-144. doi:10.14341/DM221S1.

Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Majorov AJu, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov I. I., Shestakova M. V., Majorov A. Ju. 9th edition. Diabetes mellitus. 2019; 22(1S1):1-144. (In Russ.)

196

Russell WR, Baka A, Bjorck I, et al. Impact of Diet Composition on Blood Glucose Regulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(4):541-90. doi:10.1080/10408398.2013.792772.

197

Лечебное питание: современные подходы к стандартизации диетотерапии. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп./под ред. Тутельяна В. А., Гаппарова М. М. Г., Каганова Б. С. и др. М.: Династия, 2010. 302 с. ISBN: 978-598125-074-3.

Therapeutic feeding: modern approaches to standardization diet therapy. Second edition, revised and expanded. Edited by Tutel'yan VA, Gapparov MMG, Kaganov BS, et al. Moscow: Dynasty, 2010. 302 p. (In Russ.)

198

Maksimov SA, Shalnova SA, BalanovaYA, et al. Hyperuricemia versus lifestyle in men and women of the Russian Federation population. ROMJ. 2020;9:214. doi:10.15275/rusomj.2020.0214.

199

Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Gratteri S, et al. Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion. Int J Cardiol. 2016;8-14. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.109.

200

Valsaraj R, Singh AK, Gangopadhyay KK, et al. Management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia: Integrated Diabetes and Endocrine Academy (IDEA) consensus statement. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(2):93-100. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.01.007.

201

Nicholls A, Snaith ML, Scott JT. Effect of oestrogen therapy on plasma and urinary levels of uric acid. Br Med J. 1973;1(5851):449-51. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5851.449.

202

Fang J, Alderman MH. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study, 19711992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2000;283(18):2404-10.

203

MacFarlane LA, Kim SC. Gout: a review of non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2014;40(4):581-604. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2014.07.002.

204

Khanna D, FitzGerald JD, Khanna PP, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology Guidelines for Management of Gout Part I: Systematic Non-pharmacologic and Pharmacologic Therapeutic Approaches to Hyperuricemia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(10):1431-46. doi:10.1002/acr.21772.

205

Zykova SN, Storhaug HM, Toft I, et al. Cross-sectional analysis of nutrition and serum uric acid in two Caucasian cohorts: the AusDiab Study and the Troms0 study. Nutr J. 2015;14:49. doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0032-1.

206

Барановский А. Ю. Диетология. Руководство (5-е издание). СПб.: Питер. 2018. 1024 с. ISBN: 978-5-4461-0987-6.

Baranovsky AYu. Clinical nutrition. A guideline (5th edition). SPb.: Peter, 2018. p. 1024. (In Russ.)

207

Kaneko K, Aoyagi Y, Fukuuchi T, et al. Total Purine and Purine Base Content of Common Foodstuffs for Facilitating Nutritional Therapy for Gout and Hyperuricemia. Biol Pharm Bull. 2014;37(5):709-21. doi:10.1248/bpb.b13-00967.

208

Choi HK, Willett W, Curhan G. Fructose-rich beverages and risk of gout in women. JAMA. 2010;304:2270-8. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1638.

209

Nakagawa T, Lanaspa MA, Johnson RJ. The effects of fruit consumption in patients with hyperuricaemia or gout. Rheumatology. 2019;58:1133-41. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez128.

210

Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, et al. Alcohol intake and risk of incident gout in men: a prospective study. Lancet. 2004;363(9417):1277-81. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16000-5.

211

Hafez RM, Abdel-Rahman TM, Naguib RM. Uric acid in plants and microorganisms: Biological applications and genetics — A review. J Adv Res. 2017;475-86. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2017.05.003.

212

Лесняк О.М., Баранова И.А., Белова К. Ю. и др. Остеопороз в Российской Федерации: эпидемиология, медикосоциальные и экономические аспекты проблемы (обзор литературы). Травматология и ортопедия России. 2018;24(1):155-68. doi:10.21823/2311-2905-2018-24-1-155-168.

Lesnyak OM, Baranova IA, Belova KY, et al. Osteoporosis in russian federation: epidemiology, socio-medical and economical aspects (review). Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2018;24(1):155-68. (In Russ.)

213

Мельниченко Г. А., Белая Ж. Е., Рожинская Л. Я. и др. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике остеопороза. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2017;63(6):392-426. doi:10.14341/probl2017636392-426.

Mel'nichenko GA, Belaya ZhE, Rozhinskaya LY. Russian federal clinical guidelines on the diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of osteoporosis. Problems of endocrinology. 2017;63(6):392-426. (In Russ.) М

214

Оглоблин Н. А., Спиричев В. Б., Батурин А. К. О потреблении населением России кальция с пищей. Вопросы питания. 2005;5:14-7.

Ogloblin NA, Spirichev VB, Baturin AK. About the consumption of calcium by the population of Russia with food. Voprosy Pitaniya (Problems of nutrition). 2005;5:14-7. (In Russ.)

215

Никитинская О. А., Торопцова Н. В. Социальная программа “Остеоскрининг Россия” в действии. Фарматека. 2012;6:14-7.

Nikitinskaya OA, Toroptsova NV. Social program “osteoscreening russia” at work. Farmateka. 2012;6:14-7. (In Russ.)

216

Шилин Д. Е. Дефицит кальция и другие факторы риска остеопоротических переломов по критериям FRAX (ВОЗ, 2008) у населения России и Казахстана: предварительные результаты международного пилотного проекта. Терапевтический вестник. 2010;2:40-1.

Shilin DE. Calcium deficiency and other risk factors for osteoporotic fractures according to the FRAX criteria (WHO, 2008) in the population of Russia and Kazakhstan: preliminary results of an international pilot project. Therapeutic bulletin. 2010;2:40-1. (In Russ.)

217

Остеопороз: диагностика, профилактика и лечение: клинические рекомендации. Под ред. Л.И. Беневоленской, О.М. Лесняк. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2008. 176 с. ISBN: 978-5-9704-0682-3.

Osteoporosis: diagnostics, prevention and treatment: clinical recommendations. Ed. by L. I. Benevolenskaya, O.M. Lesnyak. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. 176 p. (In Russ.)

218

Профилактика, диагностика и лечение дефицита витамина D и кальция среди взрослого населения и у пациентов с остеопорозом. Рекомендации Российской ассоциации по остеопорозу. Под ред. О. М. Лесняк. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2016. с. 94. ISBN: 978-5-9704-3679-0.

Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in adults and in patients with osteoporosis. Recommendations of the Russian Association for Osteoporosis. Ed. by O. M. Lesnyak. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2016. p. 94. (In Russ.)

219

Пигарова Е. А., Рожинская Л. Я., Белая Ж. Е. и др. Клинические рекомендации Российской Ассоциации эндокринологов по диагностике, лечению и профилактике дефицита витамина D у взрослых. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2016;62(4):60-84. doi:10.14341/probl201662460-84.

Pigarova EA, Rozhinskaya LYa, Belaya JE, et al. Russian association of endocrinologists recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of vitamin d deficiency in adults. Problems of endocrinology. 2016;62(4):60-84. (In Russ.)

220

Лесняк О. М., Никитинская О. А., Торопцова Н. В. и др. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение дефицита витамина D и кальция у взрослого населения России и пациентов состеопорозом (по материалам подготовленных клинических рекомендаций). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(4):403-8. doi:10.14412/1995-4484-2015-403-408.

Lesnyak OM, Nikitinskaya OA, Toroptsova NV, et al. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in the adult population of Russia and patients with homeoporosis (based on the materials of the prepared clinical recommendations). Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(4):403-8. (In Russ.)

221

Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) # 142: Management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures. January 2021. www.sign.ac.uk. (24 June 2021).

222

Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI) Health Care Guidline: Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis. 9th edition. July 2017. www.icsi.org. (24 June 2021).

223

Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis — 2020 update. EndocrPract. 2020;26(1):1-46. doi:10.4158/GL-2020-0524SUPPL.

224

Химический состав пищевых продуктов, используемых в Российской Федерации. https://web.ion.ru. (24 June 2021).

Chemical composition of food products used in the Russian Federation. (In Russ.)

225

Скрипникова И. А., Гурьев А. В. Микроэлементы в профилактике остеопороза: фокус на кремний. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2014;17(2):36-40. doi:10.14341/osteo2014236-40.

Skripnikova IA, Gur'ev AV. Microelements in the prevention of osteoporosis: focus on silicon. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2014;17(2):36-40. (In Russ.)

226

Nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. Edited by Burckhardt P., Dawson-Hughes B., Heaney R.P. Academic Press 2001. pp 263268, 273-281, 295-302. ISBN-10: 0121417034, ISBN-13: 9780121417031.

227

Дыдыкина И.С., Дыдыкина П. С., Алексеева О. Г. Вклад микроэлементов (меди, марганца, цинка, бора) в здоровье кости: вопросы профилактики и лечения остеопении и остеопороза. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2013;38:42-9.

Dydykina IS, Dydykina PS, Alekseyeva OG. Trace elements (copper, manganese, zinc, boron) and healthy bone: prevention and treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Effective pharmacotherapy. 2013;38:42-9. (In Russ.)

228

Громова О. А., Торшин И. Ю., Лиманова О. А. Кальций и его синергисты в поддержке структуры соединительной и костной ткани. Лечащий врач. 2014;5:69.

Gromova OA, Torshin IYu, Limanova OA. Calcium and its synergists in supporting the structure of connective and bone tissue. Lechaschi Vrach J. 2014;5:69. (In Russ.)

229

Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(8):542-59. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.021.

230

Дроздова Л. Ю., Иванова Е. С., Лищенко О. В. Современные подходы к мотивационному консультированию с целью коррекции факторов риска и повышения приверженности: обзор литературы. Профилактическая медицина. 2019;22(2):101-6. doi:10.17116/profmed201922021101.

Drozdova LYu, Ivanova ES, Lischenko OV. Modern approaches for conducting motivational counseling for correction of the risk factors and adherence improving: literature review. The Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2019;22(2):101-6. (In Russ.)

231

Spaeth M, Bleich S, Hillemacher T. Motivational interviewing with alcohol-dependent patients. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2017;85(9):549-65. doi:10.1055/s-0043-115216.

232

Stonerock GL, Blumenthal JA. Role of Counseling to Promote Adherence in Healthy Lifestyle Medicine: Strategies to Improve Exercise Adherence and Enhance Physical Activity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;59(5):455-62. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2016.09.003.

233

Kini V, Ho PM. Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence: A Review. JAMA. 2018;320(23):2461-73. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.19271.

234

Миллер В. М., Роллник С. Мотивационное консультирование: как помочь людям измениться. Москва: ООО “Издательство “Е”. 2017. 730 р. ISBN: 978-5-699-90009-1.

Miller WR, Rollnik S. Motivational counseling: how to help people change. M.: OOO “Izdatel'stvo “E”; 730 str. 2017. (In Russ.)

235

Lundahl B, Droubay BA, Burke B, et al. Motivational interviewing adherence tools: A scoping review investigating content validity. Patient Educ Couns. 2019;102(12):2145-55. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2019.07.003.

236

Magill M, Apodaca TR, Borsari B, et al. A meta-analysis of motivational interviewing process: Technical, relational, and conditional process models of change. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2018;86(2):140-57. doi:10.1037/ccp0000250.

237

Gill I, Oster C, Lawn S. Assessing competence in health professionals' use of motivational interviewing: A systematic review of training and supervision tools. Patient Educ Couns. 2020;103(3):473-83. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2019.09.021.

238

Tanaka K, Sasai H, Wakaba K, et al. Professional dietary coaching within a group chat using a smartphone application for weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2018;11:339-47. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S165422.

239

Napolitano MA, Hayes S, Bennett GG, et al. Using Facebook and text messaging to deliver a weight loss program to college students. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(1):25-31. doi:10.1002/oby.20232.

240

Manzoni GM, Cesa GL, Bacchetta M, et al. Virtual Reality-Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Morbid Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Study with 1 Year Follow-Up. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2016;19(2):134-40. doi:10.1089/cyber.2015.0208.

241

Apinaniz A, Cobos-Campos R, Saez de Lafuente-Morinigo A, et al. Effectiveness of randomized controlled trial of a mobile app to promote healthy lifestyle in obese and overweight patients. Fam Pract. 2019;36(6):699-705. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmz020.

242

Thomas JG, Raynor HA, Bond DS, et al. Weight loss and frequency of body-weight self-monitoring in an online commercial weight management program with and without a cellular-connected ‘smart' scale: a randomized pilot study. Obes Sci Pract. 2017;3(4):365-72. doi:10.1002/osp4.132.

243

Raynor HA, Champagne CM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016;116(1):129-47. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.10.031.

244

Logan AG. Transforming hypertension management using mobile health technology for telemonitoring and self-care support. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29(5):579-85. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2013.02.024.

245

Azar KM, Lesser LI, Laing BY, et al. Mobile applications for weight management: theory-based content analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2013;45(5):583-89. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.07.005.

246

Norman GJ, Zabinski MF, Adams MA, et al. A review of eHealth interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change. Am J Prev Med. 2007;33(4):336-45. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.05.007.

247

Liu F, Kong X, Cao J, et al. Mobile phone intervention and weight loss among overweight and obese adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;181(5):337-48. doi:10.1093/aje/kwu260.

248

Zhao J, Freeman B, Li M. Can Mobile Phone Apps Influence People's Health Behavior Change? An Evidence Review. J Med Internet Res. 2016;18(11):e287. doi:10.2196/jmir.5692.

249

Semper HM, Povey R, Clark-Carter D. A systematic review of the effectiveness of smartphone applications that encourage dietary self-regulatory strategies for weight loss in overweight and obese adults. Obes Rev. 2016;17(9):895-906. doi:10.1111/obr.12428.

250

Aguilar-Martinez A, Sole-Sedeno JM, Mancebo-Moreno G, et al. Use of mobile phones as a tool for weight loss: a systematic review. J Telemed Telecare. 2014;20(6):339-49. doi:10.1177/1357633X14537777.

251

Bardus M, Smith JR, Samaha L, Abraham C. Mobile Phone and Web 2.0 Technologies for Weight Management: A Systematic Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2015;17(11):e259. doi:10.2196/jmir.5129.

252

Mateo GF, Granado-Font E, Ferre-Grau C, Montana-Carreras X. Mobile Phone Apps to Promote Weight Loss and Increase Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(11):e253. doi:10.2196/jmir.4836.

253

Hartman SJ, Nelson SH, Cadmus-Bertram LA, et al. Technology-and Phone-Based Weight Loss Intervention: Pilot RCT in Women at Elevated Breast Cancer Risk. Am J Prev Med. 2016;51(5):714-21. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.024.

254

Ipjian ML, Johnston CS. Smartphone technology facilitates dietary change in healthy adults. Nutrition. 2017;33:343-7. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.003.

255

Laing BY, Mangione CM, Tseng CH, et al. Effectiveness of a smartphone application for weight loss compared with usual care in overweight primary care patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(10 Suppl):S5-12. doi:10.7326/M13-3005.

256

Jospe MR, Roy M, Brown RC, et al. The Effect of Different Types of Monitoring Strategies on Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017;25(9):1490-8. doi:10.1002/oby.21898.

257

Bhattarai N, Prevost AT, Wright AJ, et al. Effectiveness of interventions to promote healthy diet in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1203. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1203.

258

Canuto R, Garcez A, de Souza RV, et al. Nutritional intervention strategies for the management of overweight and obesity in primary health care: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2021;20(3):e13143. doi:10.1111/obr.13143.

259

Casas-Agustench P, Megías-Rangil I, Babio N. Economic benefit of dietetic-nutritional treatment in the multidisciplinary primary care team. Nutr Hosp. 2020;37(4):863-74. doi:10.20960/nh.03025.

260

Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, et al. Effect of Web-based lifestyle modification on weight control: a meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012;36(5):675-85. doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.121.

261

Thilsing T, Sonderlund AL, Sondergaard J, et al. Changes in Health-Risk Behavior, Body Mass Index, Mental Well-Being, and Risk Status Following Participation in a Stepwise Web-Based and Face-to-Face Intervention for Prevention of Lifestyle-Related Diseases: Nonrandomized Follow-Up Cohort Study JMIR. Public Health Surveill 2020;6(3):e16083. doi:10.2196/16083.

262

Duan Y, Shang B, Liang W, et al. Effects of eHealth-Based Multiple Health Behavior Change Interventions on Physical Activity, Healthy Diet, and Weight in People With Noncommunicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(2):e23786. doi:10.2196/23786.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.