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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3014</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-3014</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Триметиламиноксид и его возможная роль в развитии и прогрессировании сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Trimethylamine oxide and its possible role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5801-3742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochetkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Иванович Кочетков — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ak_info@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4258-1889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клепикова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klepikova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Викторовна Клепикова — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pelageam@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-8225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Дмитриевна Остроумова — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой терапии и полиморбидной патологии, профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней.</p><p>Москва, Тел.: +7 (903) 169-68-28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostroumova.olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>3014</fpage><lpage>3014</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кочетков А.И., Клепикова М.В., Остроумова О.Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кочетков А.И., Клепикова М.В., Остроумова О.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kochetkov A.I., Klepikova M.V., Ostroumova O.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3014">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3014</self-uri><abstract><p>Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания продолжают оставаться глав-ной причиной смертности во всем мире и в РФ, поэтому ведется изучение новых возможных факторов риска их развития и прогрессирования. К настоящему времени накоплены данные о прогностически неблагоприятном влиянии повышенного уровня триметиламиноксида (ТМАО) в контексте сердечно-сосудистых осложнений, а также обсуждается возможная роль фосфолипидов (ФЛ). Целью настоящего обзора был анализ литературных данных о потенциальной взаимосвязи ТМАО и ФЛ с сердечно-сосудистым риском (ССР), а также возможные пути решения этой проблемы. В качестве материалов и методов применялся поиск и анализ публикаций по данной тематике в реферативных базах Elibrary, PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar в период с их создания по 2021г. Было выявлено, что в высоких концентрациях ТМАО может оказывать провоспалительные эффекты, стимулировать атерогенез и повышать агрегационную способность тромбоцитов. Увеличение содержания ТМАО в крови повышает риск сердечно-сосудистых осложнений у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца, ассоциируется с повышенным риском сердечно-сосудистой смерти и смерти от всех причин у больных с заболеваниями периферических артерий и хронической сердечной недостаточностью, коррелирует с объемом повреждения вещества головного мозга при инсульте. Важнейшее участие в образовании ТМАО принимает микробиота толстого кишечника, которая метаболизирует субстраты, в т.ч. ФЛ, до триметиламина, который, всасываясь, превращается в печени в ТМАО. На основании анализа имеющихся исследований можно сделать вывод, что избыточное поступление в желудочно-кишечный тракт ФЛ и повышенной продукции ТМАО потенциально взаимосвязаны с увеличением ССР. Вместе с тем ФЛ на сегодняшний день применяются и как лекарственные препараты, в частности, как гепатопротекторы. Ввиду этого необходимы масштабные рандомизированные клинические исследования, направленные на изучение профиля ССР на фоне такой терапии. В настоящее время доступны и другие гепатопротекторы, которые лишены таких потенциальных рисков, поскольку не содержат ФЛ; одним из них является урсодезоксихолевая кислота, кото-рая доказала свою эффективность и безопасность, в т.ч. у пациентов высокого ССР в условиях реальной клинической практики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death throughout the world and in Russia. Therefore, new possible risk factors for their development and progression are being studied. To date, information have been accumulated on unfavorable prognostic effect of elevated trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) levels on cardiovascular events, and the possible role of phospholipids (PLs) is being discussed. The aim of this review was to analyze the literature data on the potential relationship of TMAO and PLs with cardiovascular risk (CVR), as well as possible solutions to this problem. The search and analysis of publications was performed using Elibrary, PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases in the period from their creation to 2021. It was found that high TMAO concentrations can have pro-inflammatory effects, stimulate atherogenesis and increase platelet aggregation. An increase in the blood TMAO levels increases the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause death in patients with peripheral arterial disease and heart failure, and correlates with the extent of brain regions involved in stroke. The most important part in TMAO formation is taken by the gut microbiota, which metabolizes substrates, including PLs, to trimethylamine, which, when absorbed, is converted into TMAO in the liver. The analysis of available studies shows that the excessive intake of PLs into the gastrointestinal tract and the increased TMAO production are potentially interrelated with an increase in CVR. At the same time, PLs are currently used as drugs, in particular, as hepatoprotective agents. In view of this, large-scale randomized clinical trials are needed to study the CVR profile in patients receiving such therapy. Currently, other hepatoprotective agents are available that are devoid of such potential risks, since they do not contain PLs. One of these agents is ursodeoxycholic acid, which has proven its effectiveness and safety, including in patients with high CVR in routine clinical practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сердечно-сосудистый риск</kwd><kwd>триметиламиноксид</kwd><kwd>фосфолипиды</kwd><kwd>фосфатидилхолин</kwd><kwd>урсодезоксихолевая кислота</kwd><kwd>лекарственная безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>trimethylamine oxide</kwd><kwd>phospholipids</kwd><kwd>phosphatidylcholine</kwd><kwd>ursodeoxycholic acid</kwd><kwd>drug safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойцов С. А., Погосова Н. В., Бубнова М.Г . и др. Кардиоваскулярная профилактика 2017. Российские национальные рекомендации. 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