cardiovascularКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактикаCardiovascular Therapy and Prevention1728-88002619-0125«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3034cardiovascular-3034Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEW ARTICLESАртериальная кальцификация, атеросклероз и остеопороз: только клинические ассоциации или генетическая платформа?Arterial calcification, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis: only clinical associations or a genetic platform?https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0725СкрипниковаИ. А.SkripnikovaI. A.

Скрипникова Ирина Анатольевна  — доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела профилактики остеопороза

Москва

Moscow

ISkripnikova@gnicpm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-8946КолчинаM. А.KolchinaM. A.

Колчина Мария Александровна  — младший научный сотрудник отдела профилактики остеопороза

Москва

Moscow

mariasakovich@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-6233МешковА. Н.MeshkovA. N.

Мешков Алексей Николаевич  — кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории молекулярной генетики

Москва

Moscow

meshkov@lipidclinic.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4765-8021КиселеваА. В.KiselevaA. V.

Киселева Анна Витальевна  — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной генетики

Москва

Moscow

sanyutabe@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430ДрапкинаО. М.DrapkinaO. M.

Драпкина Оксана Михайловна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор

Москва

Moscow

ODrapkina@gnicpm.ruФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины Минздрава РоссииNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine20211711202120730343034Copyright © Скрипникова И.А., Колчина M.А., Мешков А.Н., Киселева А.В., Драпкина О.М., 20212021Скрипникова И.А., Колчина M.А., Мешков А.Н., Киселева А.В., Драпкина О.М.Skripnikova I.A., Kolchina M.A., Meshkov A.N., Kiseleva A.V., Drapkina O.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3034

Обзор посвящен обоснованию коморбидности двух мультифакторных заболеваний  — атеросклероза (АС) и  остеопороза (ОП). Множественные эпидемиологические, экспериментальные и клинические исследования подтвердили связь между этими заболеваниями, основанную на общих факторах риска и механизмах патогенеза. При этом для оценки ассоциаций между ОП и сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, обусловленными АС, используют суррогатные маркеры — сосудистую кальцификацию или параметры сосудистой жесткости и минеральную плотность кости. Известно, что АС и ОП зависят от генотипа человека, и  вызваны они взаимодействием между окружающей средой и  генами. Модифицируемые факторы риска этих заболеваний во многом сходны, а  общие черты патогенеза АС и ОП позволяют сформулировать концепцию о едином генетическом контроле механизмов их развития. Прогресс в  молекулярных технологиях позволил проводить полногеномный поиск ассоциаций (Genome-Wide Association Study, GWAS) и успешно определять генетические маркеры, связанные одновременно с АС и ОП. Цель обзора — описать гены, связанные с риском развития АС, артериальной кальцификации и  ОП, а  также предоставить информацию о  современном понимании общих генетических основ формирования атеросклеротической бляшки, отложения депозитов кальция в сосудистой стенке и снижения костной массы. Проведен анализ публикаций и поиск литературных источников в базах данных PubMed, Medline, Web of Science и Cochrane Library, начиная с 2000г. В статье описаны генетические маркеры, связанные с АС и ОП, отражены достижения в области генетики ОП и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, обусловленных АС, а  также современные подходы и направления дальнейшего исследования этих заболеваний. Обзор можно адресовать практикующим врачам с целью разъяснения различных ассоциаций и механизмов, которые ведут к сочетанной патологии, с применением генетики.

The review is devoted to the comorbidity of two multifactorial diseases  — atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. Numerous epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies have confirmed the relationship between these diseases based on common risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms. At the same time, to assess the associations between osteoporosis and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases, the following surrogate markers are used: vascular calcification, vascular stiffness, bone mineral density. It is known that atherosclerosis and osteoporosis depend on the human genotype, and they are caused by the interaction between the environment and genes. The modifiable risk factors for these diseases are largely similar, and the common features of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis pathogenesis make it possible to formulate the concept of a unified genetic basis of their development. Advances in molecular technology have made it possible to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and successfully identify genetic markers associated with both atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. The review aim was to describe the genes associated with developing atherosclerosis, arterial calcification and osteoporosis, as well as to provide information on the current understanding of the general genetic basis for plaque formation, vascular calcium deposition, and a decrease in bone mass. The analysis of publications from the PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases since 2000 have been carried out. The article describes the genetic markers associated with atherosclerosis and osteoporosis, as well as considers the achievements in studying genetics of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases. In addition, modern approaches and directions for further research of these diseases was established. The review can be useful for medical practitioners to clarify various genetic associations and mechanisms that lead to this comorbidity.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.