cardiovascularКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактикаCardiovascular Therapy and Prevention1728-88002619-0125«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3123cardiovascular-3123Research ArticleБИОБАНКИРОВАНИЕBIOBANKINGОт биобанкирования к персонализированной профилактике ожирения, сахарного диабета и метаболического синдромаFrom biobanking to personalized prevention of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndromehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-0760ЕршоваА. И.ErshovaA. I.

Александра Игоревна Ершова — кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории клиномики.

Москва

Moscow

alersh@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-959XИвановаА. А.IvanovaA. A.

Анна Александровна Иванова — ординатор.

Москва

Moscow

annaivanova12121@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4765-8021КиселеваА. В.KiselevaA. V.

Анна Витальевна Киселева — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярной генетики.

Москва

Moscow

sanyutabe@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8395-4146СотниковаЕ. А.SotnikovaE. A.

Евгения Андреевна Сотникова — младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярной генетики.

Москва

Moscow

sotnikova.evgeniya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-6233МешковА. Н.MeshkovA. N.

Алексей Николаевич Мешков — кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории молекулярной генетики, доцент кафедры общей и медицинской генетики медико-биологического факультета.

Москва

Moscow

alersh@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430ДрапкинаО. М.DrapkinaO. M.

Оксана Михайловна Драпкина — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, директор.

Москва

Moscow

drapkina@bk.ruФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины Минздрава РоссииNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive MedicineФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава РоссииNational Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University20210901202220831233123Copyright © Ершова А.И., Иванова А.А., Киселева А.В., Сотникова Е.А., Мешков А.Н., Драпкина О.М., 20222022Ершова А.И., Иванова А.А., Киселева А.В., Сотникова Е.А., Мешков А.Н., Драпкина О.М.Ershova A.I., Ivanova A.A., Kiseleva A.V., Sotnikova E.A., Meshkov A.N., Drapkina O.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3123

Растущая распространенность метаболических заболеваний требует поиска новых подходов к их профилактике и лечению. С каждым годом совершенствуются методы генной диагностики, которые позволяют идентифицировать лиц с наибольшим генетическим риском развития ожирения, сахарного диабета, неалкогольной жировой болезни печени и метаболического синдрома. В группах высокой наследственной предрасположенности возможно более раннее интенсивное профилактическое вмешательство. Шкалы генетического риска (ШГР) — один из основных инструментов современной генной диагностики. Они формируются на основании данных крупномасштабных исследований с участием сотен тысяч пациентов, в которых анализируются миллионы вариантов нуклеотидных последовательностей. Анализ биологических образцов такого количества пациентов стал возможным благодаря развитию биобанкирования, обеспечивающего единые стандарты сбора и хранения биообразцов. Масштабы генетических исследований, а вместе с ними и предсказательная точность ШГР, постоянно увеличиваются. Накоплено значительное количество научных данных, которые демонстрируют повышение эффективности профилактических мероприятий при использовании ШГР для стратификации риска. Это дает основания предполагать, что ШГР в обозримом будущем займут свое место в клинических рекомендациях и станут применяться в популяционных масштабах для выявления лиц с высокой наследственной предрасположенностью к развитию метаболического синдрома и его компонентов.

The growing prevalence of metabolic disorders creates an increasing demand for novel approaches to their prevention and therapy. Novel genetic diagnostic technologies are developed every year, which makes it possible to identify people who are at the highest genetic risk of diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. Early intervention strategies can be used to prevent metabolic disorders in this group of people. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) are a powerful tool to identify people with a high genetic risk. Millions of genetic variants are analyzed in genome-wide association studies in order to combine them into GRSs. It has become possible to store and process such huge amounts of data with the help of biobanks, where biological samples are stored according to international standards. Genetic studies include more and more people every year that increases the predictive power of GRSs. It has already been demonstrated that the use of GRSs makes future preventive measures more effective. In the near future, GRSs are likely to become part of clinical guidelines so that they can be widely used to identify people at high risk for metabolic syndrome and its components.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.