<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3167</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-3167</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕРДЕЧНАЯ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEART FAILURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы, ассоциированные с промежуточной вероятностью наличия сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса по тестовой шкале H2FPEF у бессимптомных пациентов в условиях Арктической вахты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Factors associated with the intermediate probability of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction on the H2FPEF score in asymptomatic patients in rotation work conditions in the Arctic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9802-2632</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ветошкин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vetoshkin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ветошкин Александр Семенович — доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения артериальной гипертонии и коронарной недостаточности научного отдела клинической кардиологии, врач функциональной и ультразвуковой диагностики.</p><p>Томск; п. Ямбург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk; Yamburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vetalex@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-6445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуркевич</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shurkevich</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шуркевич Нина Петровна — доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения артериальной гипертонии и коронарной недостаточности научного отдела клинической кардиологии.</p><p>Томск.</p><p>Тел.: +7 (906) 827-78-20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Shurkevich@infarkta.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-7522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симонян Ани Арсеновна — врач-ординатор отделения артериальной гипертонии и коронарной недостаточности научного отдела клинической кардиологии.</p><p>Томск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Anchoi@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-0659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гапон</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gapon</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гапон Людмила Ивановна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, Заслуженный деятель науки РФ, руководитель научного отдела клинической кардиологии.</p><p>Томск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Gapon@infarkta.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7200-8111</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kareva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карева Мария Андреевна — врач-ординатор отделения артериальной гипертонии и коронарной недостаточности научного отдела клинической кардиологии.</p><p>Томск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KarevaMA@infarkta.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Тюменский кардиологический научный центр, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук; Филиал “Медико-санитарная часть” ООО “Газпром добыча Ямбург”<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center; Medical unit of the LLC Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Тюменский кардиологический научный центр, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>3167</fpage><lpage>3167</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ветошкин А.С., Шуркевич Н.П., Симонян А.А., Гапон Л.И., Карева М.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ветошкин А.С., Шуркевич Н.П., Симонян А.А., Гапон Л.И., Карева М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vetoshkin A.S., Shurkevich N.P., Simonyan A.A., Gapon L.I., Kareva M.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3167">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3167</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить факторы, ассоциированные с промежуточной вероятностью сердечной недостаточности (СН) с сохраненной фракцией выброса (СНсФВ) по тестовой шкале H2FPEF (Heavy; Hypertensive; Atrial Fibrillation; Pulmonary Hypertension; Elder; Filling Pressure) у бессимптомных пациентов в условиях Арктической вахты.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В заполярном поселке Ямбург (68° 21’ 40” северной широты) на базе МСЧ ООО ЯГД обследовано 100 мужчин и 80 женщин с артериальной гипертонией 1, 2 степени и нормотензивных лиц. Всем пациентам проведена эхокардиография с использованием общепринятых методик визуализации и обработки данных, согласно рекомендациям Европейского общества эхокардиографии. Для расчета вероятности наличия СНсФВ использовали шкалу H2FPEF с подсчетом в баллах. Проведен тредмил-тест по методике “Bruсe”. Использован опросник качества жизни SF-36 (Health Status Survey).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В группу 1 вошли 95 пациентов мужчин и женщин с нулевой вероятностью наличия СН (сумма баллов H2FPEF — 0-1), в группу 2 — 85 лиц обоего пола с промежуточной вероятностью наличия СН (сумма баллов H2FPEF — 2-5). Пациенты группы 2 были старше (р=0,038), дольше работали в условиях вахты (р=0,0143), у них определялись более высокие показатели амбулаторного систолического (р=0,0001) и диастолического артериального давления (р=0,0013) на фоне большего индекса массы тела (ИМТ) (р=0,0001). По результатам анализа отношения шансов (ОШ), фактором, наиболее сильно влияющим на промежуточную вероятность СНсФВ у пациентов, был ИМТ (ОШ=1,261, 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ): 1,140-1,393). По данным опросника SF-36 оценки качества жизни были получены межгрупповые различия только по шкале “ролевое функционирование” (p=0,013) с более низкими значениями в группе 2. В модели логистической регрессии появление одышки при выполнении тредмил-теста занимало ведущую позицию: ОШ=8,952; 95% ДИ: 3,454-15,197  (р&lt;0,0001). На втором месте — значение инотропного резерва (ОШ=1,020; 95% ДИ: 1,006-1,035 (р=0,005), который оказался выше в группе 2 и был расценен, как один из компенсаторных механизмов адаптации к нагрузкам. Анализ данных эхокардиографии выявил в группе 2 статистически значимые различия в отношении массы миокарда левого желудочка (ЛЖ) (р=0,0002), показателях внутренней площади ЛЖ (р=0,0002), времени изоволюмического расслабления (р=0,003) и отношения скорости трансмитрального диастолического потока к средней скорости движения фиброзного кольца митрального клапана (р=0,0001), что косвенно свидетельствует о наличии признаков диастолической дисфункции ЛЖ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Факторами, ассоциированными с промежуточной вероятностью наличия СНсФВ по тестовой шкале H2FPEF у бессимптомных пациентов в условиях вахты в Арктике, являются: ИМТ, продолжительность вахтового стажа, появление одышки и повышение инотропного резерва при выполнении физической нагрузки вследствие снижения адаптационного потенциала, нарушение диастолической функции ЛЖ, что в совокупности определяет необходимость дальнейшего диагностического тестирования пациентов. Инициация стратегий ведения, нацеленных на выявленные факторы у пациентов, имеющих бессимптомную СН, может замедлить симптоматическое прогрессирование заболевания у вахтовых рабочих в Арктическом регионе.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the factors associated with the intermediate probability of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) according to the H2FPEF score (Heavy; Hypertensive; Atrial Fibrillation; Pulmonary Hypertension; Elder; Filling Pressure) in asymptomatic patients in rotation work conditions in the Arctic.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. In the polar village of Yamburg (68° 21’ 40” northern latitude), 100 men and 80 women with grade 1, 2 hypertension and normotensive persons were examined on the basis of the Medical Unit of OOO Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg. All patients underwent echocardiography using generally accepted methods of imaging and data processing, according to European Society of Echocardiography guidelines. To calculate the probability of HFpEF, the H2FPEF score was used. The Bruce protocol treadmill test was performed. The SF-36 (Health Status Survey) questionnaire for assessment of life quality was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Group 1 included 95 male and female patients with a low probability of HF (H2FPEF score — 0-1), group 2 — 85 patients of both sexes with an intermediate probability of HF (H2FPEF score — 2-5). Group 2 patients were older (p=0,038), worked longer on a shift (p=0,0143), and had higher ambulatory systolic (p=0,0001) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0,0013) with a higher body mass index (BMI) (p=0,0001). Based on the odds ratio (OR) analysis, the factor most strongly influencing the intermediate probability of HFpEF was BMI (OR=1,261, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1,140-1,393). SF-36 questionnaire revealed intergroup differences only on the role functioning scale (p=0,013) with lower values in group 2. In the logistic regression model, dyspnea during the treadmill test occupied a leading position as follows: OR=8,952; 95% CI: 3,454-15,197 (p&lt;0,0001). The second place was taken by inotropic reserve value (OR=1,020; 95% CI: 1,006-1,035 (p=0,005), which was higher in group 2 and was regarded as one of the compensatory mechanisms for adapting to stress. In the group 2, echocardiography revealed significant differences in terms of left ventricular (LV) myocardial mass (p=0,0002), LV internal area (p=0,0002), isovolumic relaxation time (p=0,003), and ratio of transmitral diastolic flow rate to mean mitral annulus velocity (p=0,0001), which indirectly indicates the presence of LV diastolic dysfunction.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. There are following factors associated with H2FPEF intermediate probability of HFpEF in asymptomatic patients on shift in the Arctic: BMI, length of shift, dyspnea and an increase in inotropic reserve during exercise due to a decrease in adaptive potential, impaired LV diastolic function. Initiating management strategies that target identified factors in patients with asymptomatic HF may slow symptomatic disease progression in shift workers in the Arctic region.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертония</kwd><kwd>промежуточная вероятность сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса</kwd><kwd>шкала H2FPEF</kwd><kwd>Арктика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>intermediate probability of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction</kwd><kwd>H2FPEF score</kwd><kwd>Arctic</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ul Haq M, Wong C, Hare D. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an insight into its prevalence, predictors, and implications of early detection. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2015;16(1):20-27. doi:10.3909/ricm0725.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ul Haq M, Wong C, Hare D. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an insight into its prevalence, predictors, and implications of early detection. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2015;16(1):20-27. doi:10.3909/ricm0725.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nah EH, Kim SY, Cho S, et al. Plasma NT-proBNP levels associated with cardiac structural abnormalities in asymptomatic health examinees with preserved ejection fraction: a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(4):e026030. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nah EH, Kim SY, Cho S, et al. Plasma NT-proBNP levels associated with cardiac structural abnormalities in asymptomatic health examinees with preserved ejection fraction: a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(4):e026030. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sueta D, Yamamoto E, Nishihara T, et al. H2FPEF score as a prognostic value in HFpEF patients. Am J Hypertens. 2019;32(11): 1082-90. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpz108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sueta D, Yamamoto E, Nishihara T, et al. H2FPEF score as a prognostic value in HFpEF patients. Am J Hypertens. 2019;32(11): 1082-90. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpz108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paulus WJ. H2FPEF Score: At Last, a Properly Validated Diagnostic Algorithm for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation. 2018;138(9):871-3. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035711.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paulus WJ. H2FPEF Score: At Last, a Properly Validated Diagnostic Algorithm for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation. 2018;138(9):871-3. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035711.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwang IC, Cho GY, Choi HM et al. H2FPEF Score Reflects the Left Atrial Strain and Predicts Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction J Card Fail. 2021;27(2):198-207. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.09.474.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwang IC, Cho GY, Choi HM et al. H2FPEF Score Reflects the Left Atrial Strain and Predicts Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction J Card Fail. 2021;27(2):198-207. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.09.474.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponikowski P, Voors A, Anker S, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(8):891-975. doi:10.1002/ejhf.592.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponikowski P, Voors A, Anker S, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(8):891-975. doi:10.1002/ejhf.592.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ha JW, Andersen OS, Smiseth OA. Diastolic Stress Test: Invasive and Noninvasive Testing. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;(1Pt2):272-82. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.01.037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ha JW, Andersen OS, Smiseth OA. Diastolic Stress Test: Invasive and Noninvasive Testing. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;(1Pt2):272-82. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.01.037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sorrentino MJ. The Evolution from Hypertension to Heart Failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2019;(4):447-53. doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2019.06.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorrentino MJ. The Evolution from Hypertension to Heart Failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2019;(4):447-53. doi:10.1016/j.hfc.2019.06.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гапон Л. И., Шуркевич Н. П., Ветошкин А. С. Структурно-функциональные изменения сердца и суточный профиль артериального давления у больных артериальной гипертонией на Крайнем Севере. Клиническая медицина. 2009;9:23-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gapon LI, SHurkevich NP, Vetoshkin AS. Structural and functional changes of the heart and the daily profile of blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension in the Far North. Clinical medicine. 2009;9:23-9. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mandoli GE, Sisti N, Mondillo S, et al. Left atrial strain in left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: have we finally found the missing piece of the puzzle? Heart Fail Rev. 2020;25(3):409-17. doi:10.1007/s10741-019-09889-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandoli GE, Sisti N, Mondillo S, et al. Left atrial strain in left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: have we finally found the missing piece of the puzzle? Heart Fail Rev. 2020;25(3):409-17. doi:10.1007/s10741-019-09889-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galderisi M, Cosyns B, Edvardsen T, et al. Standardization of adult transthoracic echocardiography reporting in agreement with recent chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations: an expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;18(12):1301-10. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jex244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galderisi M, Cosyns B, Edvardsen T, et al. Standardization of adult transthoracic echocardiography reporting in agreement with recent chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations: an expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;18(12):1301-10. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jex244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reddy YNV, Carter RE, Obokata M, et al. A Simple, Evidence-Based Approach to Help Guide Diagnosis of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation. 2018;138(9):861-70. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reddy YNV, Carter RE, Obokata M, et al. A Simple, Evidence-Based Approach to Help Guide Diagnosis of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation. 2018;138(9):861-70. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wallner M, Eaton DM, Berretta RM, et al. HDAC inhibition improves cardiopulmonary function in a feline model of diastolic dysfunction. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12(525). doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallner M, Eaton DM, Berretta RM, et al. HDAC inhibition improves cardiopulmonary function in a feline model of diastolic dysfunction. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12(525). doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang JH, Obokata M, Reddy YNV, et al. Endothelium-dependent and independent coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22:432-41. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1671.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang JH, Obokata M, Reddy YNV, et al. Endothelium-dependent and independent coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22:432-41. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1671.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandt MM, Nguyen ITN, Krebber MM, et al. Limited synergy of obesity and hypertension, prevalent risk factors in onset and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Cell Mol Med. 2019;23(10):6666-78. doi:10.1111/jcmm.14542.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandt MM, Nguyen ITN, Krebber MM, et al. Limited synergy of obesity and hypertension, prevalent risk factors in onset and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Cell Mol Med. 2019;23(10):6666-78. doi:10.1111/jcmm.14542.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fukuta H, Goto T, Wakami K,et al. Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on left ventricular diastolic function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heart Vessels. 2019;34(4):597-606. doi:10.1007/s00380-018-1279-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukuta H, Goto T, Wakami K,et al. Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on left ventricular diastolic function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heart Vessels. 2019;34(4):597-606. doi:10.1007/s00380-018-1279-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Овчинников А. Г., Потехина А. В., Ибрагимова М. Н., и др. Механизмы непереносимости физической нагрузки у пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью и сохраненной фракцией выброса. Часть I: Роль нарушений в левых камерах сердца. Кардиология. 2019;59 (6S):4-16. doi:10.18087/cardio.n394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ovchinnikov AG, Potekhina AV, Ibragimova NM, et al. Mechanisms of exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Part I: The role of impairments in the left heart chambers. Cardiology. 2019;59(6S):4-16. (In Russ.) doi:10.18087/cardio.n394.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belyavskiy E, Morris DA, Url-Michitsch M, et al. Diastolic stress test echocardiography in patients with suspected heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a pilot study. ESC Heart Fail. 2019;6(1):146-53. doi:10.1002/ehf2.12375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyavskiy E, Morris DA, Url-Michitsch M, et al. Diastolic stress test echocardiography in patients with suspected heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a pilot study. ESC Heart Fail. 2019;6(1):146-53. doi:10.1002/ehf2.12375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Islam MN, Chowdhury MS, Paul GK, et al. Association of Diastolic Dysfunction with N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide Level in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Mymensingh Med J. 2019;28(2):333-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Islam MN, Chowdhury MS, Paul GK, et al. Association of Diastolic Dysfunction with N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide Level in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Mymensingh Med J. 2019;28(2):333-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
