<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3233</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-3233</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хроническая сердечная недостаточность и остеопороз: общие патогенетические звенья</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Heart failure and osteoporosis: common pathogenetic components</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрипникова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skripnikova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Анатольевна Скрипникова — доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела профилактики остеопороза.</p><p>Москва. Тел.: +7 (916) 672-40-23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iskripnikova@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-9967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яралиева</surname><given-names>Э. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaralieva</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эльвира Куруглиевна Яралиева — аспирант отдела профилактики остеопороза.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elvira.yaralieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксана Михайловна Драпкина — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ODrapkina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>3233</fpage><lpage>3233</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Скрипникова И.А., Яралиева Э.К., Драпкина О.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Скрипникова И.А., Яралиева Э.К., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Skripnikova I.A., Yaralieva E.K., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3233">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3233</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре литературы отражены современные представления о сочетании хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН) и остеопороза, общие факторы риска этих заболеваний и патофизиологические механизмы нарушения костного метаболизма при ХСН. Несмотря на растущее число исследований, касающихся сочетанной патологии сердечно-сосудистой и костной систем, взаимосвязь между снижением минеральной плотности кости и риском ХСН остается недостаточно изученной. Оба состояния являются частыми причинами инвалидности, смерти, длительных госпитализаций и значительного снижения качества жизни, а сочетание синдромов усугубляет их течение и повышает частоту неблагоприятных исходов, что представляет тяжелое бремя для самого пациента и здравоохранения в целом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This literature review reflects modern ideas about the combination of heart failure (HF) and osteoporosis, common risk factors for these diseases, and pathophysiological mechanisms of metabolic bone diseases in HF. Despite a growing number of studies on the combined cardiovascular and skeletal system pathology, the relationship between a decrease in bone mineral density and HF risk remains poorly understood. Both conditions are common causes of disability, death, prolonged hospitalizations and a significant reduction in quality of life, while its combination exacerbates their course and increases the incidence of adverse outcomes, which is a heavy burden for a patient and health care in general. Keywords: heart failure, osteoporosis, bone mineral density, bone metabolism.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>минеральная плотность кости</kwd><kwd>костный обмен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart failure</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>bone mineral density</kwd><kwd>bone metabolism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groenewegen A, Rutten FH, Mosterd A, et al. Epidemiology of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(8):1342-56. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1858.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groenewegen A, Rutten FH, Mosterd A, et al. Epidemiology of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(8):1342-56. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1858.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орлова Я. А., Ткачёва О. Н., Арутюнов Г. П. и др. Особенности диагностики и лечения хронической сердечной недостаточности у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста. Мнение экспертов Общества специалистов по сердечной недостаточности, Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров и Евразийской ассоциации терапевтов. Кардиология. 2018;58(12S):42-72. doi:10.18087/cardio.2560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlova IA, Tkacheva ON, Arutyunov GP, et al. Features of diagnostics and treatment of chronic heart failure in elderly and senile patients. Expert opinion of the Society of Experts in Heart Failure, Russian Association of Gerontologists, and Euroasian Association of Therapists. Kardiologiia. 2018;58(12S):42-72. (In Russ.) doi:10.18087/cardio.2560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211-59. doi:10.1016/S01406736(17)32154-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211-59. doi:10.1016/S01406736(17)32154-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, et al. American association of clinical endocrinologists/American college of endocrinology Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis — 2020. Endocr Pract. 2020;26(Suppl 1):1-46. doi:10.4158/GL-2020-0524SUPPL.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, et al. American association of clinical endocrinologists/American college of endocrinology Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis — 2020. Endocr Pract. 2020;26(Suppl 1):1-46. doi:10.4158/GL-2020-0524SUPPL.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Российское кардиологическое общество (РКО). Хроническая сердечная недостаточность. Клинические рекомендации 2020. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(11):4083. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russian Society of Cardiology. Chronic heart failure. Clinical guidelines 2020. Russ J Cardiol. 2020;25(11):4083. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скрипникова И. А., Колчина М. А., Косматова О. В. и др. Оценка доклинических проявлений атеросклероза коронарных и периферических артерий и параметров костной прочности у женщин. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2020;16(6):868-75. doi:10.20996/1819-64462020-11-02.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skripnikova IA, Kolchina MA, Kosmatova OV, et al. Assessment of subclinical manifestations of atherosclerosis of coronary and peripheral arteries and bone strength parameters in women. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2020;16(5):868-75. (In Russ.) doi:10.20996/1819-64462020-11-02.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дудинская Е. Н., Ткачева О. Н., Мачехина Л. В. и др. Взаимосвязь минеральной плотности кости с параметрами доклинического атеросклероза у женщин среднего возраста. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2020;23(4):13-8. doi:10.14341/osteo12698.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dudinskaya EN, Tkacheva ON, Matchekhina LV, et al. The relationship of bone mineral density with the of the intimamedia thickness in premenopausal women. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2020;23(4):13-8. (In Russ.) doi:10.14341/osteo12698.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Notarnicola A, Maccagnano G, Moretti L, et al. Cardiopathy and osteoporosis: the epidemiology in a region of Italy. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2017;31(1):251-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Notarnicola A, Maccagnano G, Moretti L, et al. Cardiopathy and osteoporosis: the epidemiology in a region of Italy. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2017;31(1):251-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xing W, Lv X, Gao W, et al. Bone mineral density in patients with chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:343-53. doi:10.2147/CIA.S154356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xing W, Lv X, Gao W, et al. Bone mineral density in patients with chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:343-53. doi:10.2147/CIA.S154356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Majumdar SR, Ezekowitz JA, Lix LM, et al. Heart failure is a clinically and densitometrically independent risk factor for osteoporotic fractures: population-based cohort study of 45,509 subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(4):1179-86. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-3055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Majumdar SR, Ezekowitz JA, Lix LM, et al. Heart failure is a clinically and densitometrically independent risk factor for osteoporotic fractures: population-based cohort study of 45,509 subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(4):1179-86. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-3055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ge G, Li J, Wang Q. Heart failure and fracture risk: a metaanalysis. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(10):1903-9. doi:10.1007/s00198-019-05042-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ge G, Li J, Wang Q. Heart failure and fracture risk: a metaanalysis. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(10):1903-9. doi:10.1007/s00198-019-05042-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чижов П. А., Иванова Ю. И., Медведева Т. В., и др. Остеопороз позвоночника и хроническая сердечная недостаточность. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. 2016;10(52):106-9. doi:10.18454/IRJ.2016.52.059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chizhov PA, Ivanova YI, Medvedeva TV, et al. Osteoporosis of the spine and chronic heart failure. Research J. 2016;10(52):1069. (In Russ.) doi:10.18454/IRJ.2016.52.059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларина В. Н., Распопова Т. Н. Минеральная плотность костной ткани и костный обмен при хронической сердечной недостаточности. Кардиология. 2016;56(7):39-46. doi:10.18565/cardio.2016.7.39-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larina VN, Raspopova TN. Bone metabolism and bone mineral density in chronic heart failure. Kardiologiia. 2016;56(7):39-46. (In Russ.) doi:10.18565/cardio.2016.7.39-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларина В. Н., Барт Б. Я., Карпенко Д. Г. и др. Полиморбидность и ее связь с неблагоприятным течением хронической сердечной недостаточности у амбулаторных больных в возрасте 60 лет и старше. Кардиология. 2019;59(12S):25-36. doi:10.18087/cardio.n431.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larina VN, Bart BY, Karpenko DG, et al. Polymorbidity and its association with the unfavorable course of chronic heart failure in outpatients aged 60 years and older. Kardiologiia. 2019;59(12S):25-36. (In Russ.) doi:10.18087/cardio.n431.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Diepen S, Majumdar SR, Bakal JA, et al. Heart failure is a risk factor for orthopedic fracture: a population-based analysis of 16,294 patients. Circulation. 2008;118(19):1946-52. doi:10.1161.108.784009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Diepen S, Majumdar SR, Bakal JA, et al. Heart failure is a risk factor for orthopedic fracture: a population-based analysis of 16,294 patients. Circulation. 2008;118(19):1946-52. doi:10.1161.108.784009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carbone L, Buzkova P, Fink HA, et al. Hip fractures and heart failure: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:77-84. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carbone L, Buzkova P, Fink HA, et al. Hip fractures and heart failure: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:77-84. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp483.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loncar G, Cvetinovic N, Lainscak M, et al. Bone in heart failure. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020;11(2):381-93. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12516.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loncar G, Cvetinovic N, Lainscak M, et al. Bone in heart failure. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020;11(2):381-93. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12516.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Резник Е. В., Никитин И. Г. Минеральные и костные нарушения при хронической сердечной недостаточности. Кардиология. 2018; 58(S2):42-62. doi:10.18087/cardio.2429.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reznik EV, Nikitin IG. Mineral and bone disorders in chronic heart failure. Kardiologiia. 2018;58(2S):42-62. (In Russ.) doi:10.18087/cardio.2429.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saponaro F, Saba A, Frascarelli S, et al. Vitamin D measurement and effect on outcome in a cohort of patients with heart failure. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(9):957-64. doi:10.1530/EC-18-0207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saponaro F, Saba A, Frascarelli S, et al. Vitamin D measurement and effect on outcome in a cohort of patients with heart failure. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(9):957-64. doi:10.1530/EC-18-0207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яралиева Э. К., Скрипникова И. А., Шишкова В. Н. и др. Витамин D и хроническая сердечная недостаточность: взаимосвязь и точки пересечения. Атмосфера. Новости кардиологии. 2021;(1):54-9. doi:10.24412/2076-4189-2021-12347.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaralieva EK, Skripnikova IA, Shishkova VN, et al. Vitamin D and Chronic Heart Failure: Relationship and Intersection Points. Atmosfera. Novosti kardiologii. 2021;(1):54-9. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roffe-Vazquez DN, Huerta-Delgado AS, Castillo EC, et al. Correlation of vitamin D with inflammatory cytokines, atherosclerotic parameters, and lifestyle factors in the setting of heart failure: a 12-month follow-up study. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(22): 5811. doi:10.3390/ijms20225811.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roffe-Vazquez DN, Huerta-Delgado AS, Castillo EC, et al. Correlation of vitamin D with inflammatory cytokines, atherosclerotic parameters, and lifestyle factors in the setting of heart failure: a 12-month follow-up study. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(22): 5811. doi:10.3390/ijms20225811.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu GY, Wu T, Xu BD, et al. Effect of parathyroid hormone on cardiac function in rats with cardiomyopathy. Exp Ther Med. 2018;16(4):2859-66. doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6528.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu GY, Wu T, Xu BD, et al. Effect of parathyroid hormone on cardiac function in rats with cardiomyopathy. Exp Ther Med. 2018;16(4):2859-66. doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6528.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вороненко И. В., Сыркин А. Л., Рожинская Л. Я. и др. Гиперпаратиреоз и патология сердечно-сосудистой системы. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2006;9(2):33-41. doi:10.14341/osteo2006233-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronenko IV, Syrkin AL, Rozhinskaya LY, et al. Hyperparatirosis and cardiovascular system pathology. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2006;9(2):33-41. (In Russ.) doi:10.14341/osteo2006233-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loncar G, Bozic B, Cvetinovic N, et al. Secondary hyperparathyroidism prevalence and prognostic role in elderly males with heart failure. J Endocrinol Invest. 2017;40(3):297-304. doi:10.1007/s40618-016-0561-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loncar G, Bozic B, Cvetinovic N, et al. Secondary hyperparathyroidism prevalence and prognostic role in elderly males with heart failure. J Endocrinol Invest. 2017;40(3):297-304. doi:10.1007/s40618-016-0561-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тополянская С. В. Роль интерлейкина 6 при старении и возрастассоциированных заболеваниях. Клиницист 2020;14(3-4):10-7. doi:10.17650/1818-8338-2020-14-3-4-К633.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Topolyanskaya SV. Interleukin 6 in aging and age-related diseases. The Clinician. 2020;14(3-4):10-7. (In Russ.) doi:10.17650/1818-8338-2020-14-3-4-К633.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ершова О. Б., Белова К. Ю., Новикова И. В. и др. Роль цитокинов в развитии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и остеопороза. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2011;14(3):33-5. doi:10.14341/osteo2011333-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ershova OB, Belova KY, Novikova IV, et al. The role of cytokines in the development of cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2011;14(3):33-5. (In Russ.) Ершова О. Б., Белова К. Ю., Новикова И. В. и др. Роль цитокинов в развитии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и остеопороза. Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2011;14(3):33-5. doi:10.14341/osteo2011333-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тополянская С. В. Фактор некроза опухоли-альфа и возраст-ассоциированная патология. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2020;10(6):414-21. doi:10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-6-414-421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Topolyanskaya SV. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and AgeRelated Pathologies. The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine. 2020;10(6):414-21. (In Russ.) doi:10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-6-414-421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скрипникова И. А., Птичкина П. А., Митрохина Т. В. и др. Метаболические эффекты менопаузы: роль маркеров жирового обмена в развитии остеопороза. Профилактическая медицина. 2011;2(14):11-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skripnikova IA, Ptichkina PA, Mitrohina TV, et al. Metabolic effects of menopause: the role of markers of fat metabolism in the development of osteoporosis. The Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2011;2(14):11-6. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakamura Y, Nakano M, Suzuki T, et al. Two adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin, independently predict osteoporotic fracture risk at different bone sites in postmenopausal women. Bone. 2020;(137):115404. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2020.115404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakamura Y, Nakano M, Suzuki T, et al. Two adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin, independently predict osteoporotic fracture risk at different bone sites in postmenopausal women. Bone. 2020;(137):115404. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2020.115404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poetsch MS, Strano A, Guan K. Role of Leptin in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:354. doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00354.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poetsch MS, Strano A, Guan K. Role of Leptin in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:354. doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00354.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bozic B, Loncar G, Prodanovic N, et al. Relationship between high circulating adiponectin with bone mineral density and bone metabolism in elderly males with chronic heart failure. J Card Fail. 2010;16(4):301-7. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.12.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bozic B, Loncar G, Prodanovic N, et al. Relationship between high circulating adiponectin with bone mineral density and bone metabolism in elderly males with chronic heart failure. J Card Fail. 2010;16(4):301-7. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.12.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsutamoto T, Tanaka T, Sakai H, et al. Total and high molecular weight adiponectin, haemodynamics, and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:1723-30. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsutamoto T, Tanaka T, Sakai H, et al. Total and high molecular weight adiponectin, haemodynamics, and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:1723-30. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Topolyanskaya SV, Osipovskaya IA, Lifanova LS, et al. Bone Mineral Density and Metabolism in Very Elderly Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. SN Compr. Clin. Med. 2019;(1):451-7. doi:10.1007/s42399-019-00065-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Topolyanskaya SV, Osipovskaya IA, Lifanova LS, et al. Bone Mineral Density and Metabolism in Very Elderly Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. SN Compr. Clin. Med. 2019;(1):451-7. doi:10.1007/s42399-019-00065-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elefteriou F, Ahn JD, Takeda S, et al. Leptin regulation of bone resorption by the sympathetic nervous system and CART. Nature. 2005;434(7032):514-20. doi:10.1038/nature03398.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elefteriou F, Ahn JD, Takeda S, et al. Leptin regulation of bone resorption by the sympathetic nervous system and CART. Nature. 2005;434(7032):514-20. doi:10.1038/nature03398.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ueland T, Yndestad A, Oie E, et al. Dysregulated osteoprotegerin/ RANK ligand/RANK axis in clinical and experimental heart failure. Circulation. 2005;111(9):2461-8. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000165119.62099.14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ueland T, Yndestad A, Oie E, et al. Dysregulated osteoprotegerin/ RANK ligand/RANK axis in clinical and experimental heart failure. Circulation. 2005;111(9):2461-8. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000165119.62099.14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leistner DM, Seeger FH, Fischer A, et al. Elevated levels of the mediator of catabolic bone remodeling RANKL in the bone marrow environment link chronic heart failure with osteoporosis. Circ Heart Fail. 2012;5(6):769-77. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.966093.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leistner DM, Seeger FH, Fischer A, et al. Elevated levels of the mediator of catabolic bone remodeling RANKL in the bone marrow environment link chronic heart failure with osteoporosis. Circ Heart Fail. 2012;5(6):769-77. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.966093.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farhat GN, Cauley JA. The link between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2008;5(1): 19-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farhat GN, Cauley JA. The link between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2008;5(1): 19-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaudio A, Xourafa A, Rapisarda R, et al. Peripheral artery disease and osteoporosis: Not only agerelated. Mol Med Rep. 2018;18(6):4787-92. doi:10.3892/mmr.2018.9512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaudio A, Xourafa A, Rapisarda R, et al. Peripheral artery disease and osteoporosis: Not only agerelated. Mol Med Rep. 2018;18(6):4787-92. doi:10.3892/mmr.2018.9512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katano S, Yano T, Tsukada T, et al. Clinical determinants and prognostic impact of osteoporosis in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(2):3418. doi:10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3418.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katano S, Yano T, Tsukada T, et al. Clinical determinants and prognostic impact of osteoporosis in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(2):3418. doi:10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pfister R, Michels G, Sharp SJ, et al. Low bone mineral density predicts incident heart failure in men and women: the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)Norfolk prospective study. JACC Heart Fail. 2014;2(4):380-9. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2014.03.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pfister R, Michels G, Sharp SJ, et al. Low bone mineral density predicts incident heart failure in men and women: the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)Norfolk prospective study. JACC Heart Fail. 2014;2(4):380-9. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2014.03.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fohtung RB, Brown DL, Koh WJ, et al. Bone Mineral Density and Risk of Heart Failure in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;13;6(3):e004344. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.004344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fohtung RB, Brown DL, Koh WJ, et al. Bone Mineral Density and Risk of Heart Failure in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;13;6(3):e004344. doi:10.1161/JAHA.116.004344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aluoch AO, Jessee R, Habal H, et al. Heart failure as a risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2012;10(4):258-69. doi:10.1007/s11914-012-0115-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aluoch AO, Jessee R, Habal H, et al. Heart failure as a risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2012;10(4):258-69. doi:10.1007/s11914-012-0115-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gage BF, Birman-Deych E, Radford MJ, et al. Risk of Osteoporotic Fracture in Elderly Patients Taking Warfarin: Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation 2. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(2):241-6. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.2.241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gage BF, Birman-Deych E, Radford MJ, et al. Risk of Osteoporotic Fracture in Elderly Patients Taking Warfarin: Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation 2. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(2):241-6. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.2.241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
