<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3378</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-3378</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИШЕМИЧЕСКАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ СЕРДЦА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CORONARY HEART DISEASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Половые различия в проявлениях синдрома старческой астении у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sex differences in frailty manifestations in patients with coronary artery disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-5682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривошапова</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivoshapova</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кристина Евгеньевна Кривошапова — кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории коморбидности при ССЗ.</p><p>Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina E.Krivoshapova</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ya.kristi89@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4948-2429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галимова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galimova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Александровна Галимова — аспирант.</p><p>Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Galimova</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n_a_galimova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-6239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баздырев</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazdyrev</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Дмитриевич Баздырев — доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией эпидемиологии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, отдела оптимизации медицинской помощи при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях.</p><p>Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny D. Bazdyrev</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">edb624@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-3610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барбараш</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barbarash</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Леонидовна Барбараш — директор, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН.</p><p>Кемерово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga L. Barbarash</p><p>Kemerovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olb61@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>3378</fpage><lpage>3378</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кривошапова К.Е., Галимова Н.А., Баздырев Е.Д., Барбараш О.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кривошапова К.Е., Галимова Н.А., Баздырев Е.Д., Барбараш О.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krivoshapova K.E., Galimova N.A., Bazdyrev E.D., Barbarash O.L.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3378">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3378</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Провести анализ различий в частоте выявления преастении и синдрома старческой астении (ССА) у мужчин и женщин с много-сосудистым поражением коронарных артерий, имеющих показания к выполнению планового коронарного шунтирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включены 387 пациентов, поступивших в клинику с целью проведения планового первичного коронарного шунтирования. Скрининг преастении и ССА у пациентов перед операцией выполнен с помощью опросника "Возраст не помеха".</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среди обследованных пациентов в возрастной группе 45-59 лет 25% женщин и всего 6% мужчин имеют признаки ССА, при этом не было выявлено старческой астении и преастении среди 25% женщин и 34% мужчин. Проявления преастении в среднем возрасте обнаружены у 50% женщин и 60% мужчин. В возрасте 60-74 лет лишь 14% женщин и 24% мужчин не являются "хрупкими". В пожилом возрасте женщины чаще, чем мужчины имеют признаки ССА (р=0,040). Симптомы же преастении у пациентов пожилого возраста выявляются у мужчин и женщин одинаково часто — 59 и 60%, соответственно. В старческом возрасте все пациенты имеют проявления преастении или ССА.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проявления старческой астении могут встречаться среди пациентов со стабильной формой ишемической болезни сердца и многососудистым поражением коронарного русла не только в старческом и пожилом, но и в среднем возрасте. При этом более пристального внимания требуют женщины среднего и пожилого возраста, обладающие более высоким уровнем коморбидности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyze the differences in detection rate of prefrailty and frailty syndrome (FS) in male and female patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 387 patients admitted for elective primary CABG. Screening for prefrailty and FS in patients before surgery was performed using the questionnaire "Age is not a drawback".</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the age group of 45 to 59 years, 25% of females and only 6% of males had signs of FS, while 25% of women and 34% of men did not present with signs of frailty and prefrailty. Half of middle-aged women and 60% of middle-aged men had prefrailty. Between the ages of 60 and 74, only 14% of women and 24% of men were not frail. Elderly women are more likely than elderly men to present with signs of FS (p=0,040). The symptoms of prefrailty in elderly patients were detected at equal rate in men and women (59% and 60%, respectively). All senile-aged patients presented with the signs of prefrailty or FS.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Patients with multivessel CAD present with manifestation of frailty in senile, elderly, and middle age. At the same time, middle-aged and elderly women with the higher rates of comorbid disorders require special attention.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром старческой астении</kwd><kwd>преастения</kwd><kwd>"хрупкость"</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>коронарное шунтирование</kwd><kwd>половые различия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>frailty syndrome</kwd><kwd>prefrailty</kwd><kwd>frailty</kwd><kwd>coronary artery disease</kwd><kwd>coronary artery bypass grafting</kwd><kwd>sex differences</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donato AJ, Machin DR, Lesniewski LA. Mechanisms of Dysfunction in the Aging Vasculature and Role in Age-Related Disease. Circ Res. 2018;123(7):825-48. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312563.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donato AJ, Machin DR, Lesniewski LA. Mechanisms of Dysfunction in the Aging Vasculature and Role in Age-Related Disease. Circ Res. 2018;123(7):825-48. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312563.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Center for Health Statistics (US). Health, United States, 2010: With Special Feature on Death and Dying. Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics (US). 2011;Report No:2011-1232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Center for Health Statistics (US). Health, United States, 2010: With Special Feature on Death and Dying. Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics (US). 2011;Report No:2011-1232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kane AE, Howlett SE. Differences in Cardiovascular Aging in Men and Women. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1065:389-411. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kane AE, Howlett SE. Differences in Cardiovascular Aging in Men and Women. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1065:389-411. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olivetti G, Melissari M, Capasso JM, et al. Cardiomyopathy of the aging human heart. Myocyte loss and reactive cellular hypertrophy. Circ Res. 1991;68(6):1560-8. doi:10.1161/01.res.68.6.1560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olivetti G, Melissari M, Capasso JM, et al. Cardiomyopathy of the aging human heart. Myocyte loss and reactive cellular hypertrophy. Circ Res. 1991;68(6):1560-8. doi:10.1161/01.res.68.6.1560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Rourke MF, Hashimoto J. Mechanical factors in arterial aging: a clinical perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(1):1-13. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.12.050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Rourke MF, Hashimoto J. Mechanical factors in arterial aging: a clinical perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(1):1-13. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.12.050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olivetti G, Giordano G, Corradi D, et al. Gender differences and aging: effects on the human heart. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26(4):1068-79. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00282-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olivetti G, Giordano G, Corradi D, et al. Gender differences and aging: effects on the human heart. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26(4):1068-79. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00282-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan Y, Huang J, Zhou Y, et al. Does the Impact of Frailty on All-Cause Mortality in Older Persons Differ between Women and Men? A Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2021;22(3):606.e1-606.e6. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan Y, Huang J, Zhou Y, et al. Does the Impact of Frailty on All-Cause Mortality in Older Persons Differ between Women and Men? A Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2021;22(3):606.e1-606.e6. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon EH, Hubbard RE. Differences in frailty in older men and women. Med J Aust. 2020;212(4):183-8. doi:10.5694/mja2.50466.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon EH, Hubbard RE. Differences in frailty in older men and women. Med J Aust. 2020;212(4):183-8. doi:10.5694/mja2.50466.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang HY, Zhang M, Sun X. Sex-Specific Association Between Socioeconomic Status, Lifestyle, and the Risk of Frailty Among the Elderly in China. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:775518. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.775518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang HY, Zhang M, Sun X. Sex-Specific Association Between Socioeconomic Status, Lifestyle, and the Risk of Frailty Among the Elderly in China. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:775518. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.775518.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zasadzka E, Trzmiel T, Roszak M, et al. Is the outcome of frailty syndrome gender dependent? J Women Aging. 2020;32(3):349-60. doi:10.1080/08952841.2019.1593797.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zasadzka E, Trzmiel T, Roszak M, et al. Is the outcome of frailty syndrome gender dependent? J Women Aging. 2020;32(3):349-60. doi:10.1080/08952841.2019.1593797.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pagidipati NJ, Peterson ED. Acute coronary syndromes in women and men. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13(8):471-80. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pagidipati NJ, Peterson ED. Acute coronary syndromes in women and men. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13(8):471-80. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaudino M, Di Franco A, Alexander JH, et al. Sex differences in outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Eur Heart J. 2021;43(1):18-28. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab504.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaudino M, Di Franco A, Alexander JH, et al. Sex differences in outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: a pooled analysis of individual patient data. Eur Heart J. 2021;43(1):18-28. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab504.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кривошапова К . Е ., Вегнер Е. А., Терентьева Н. А. и др. Синдром старческой астении у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца. Медицинский алфавит. 2020;1(19):6-10. doi:10.33667/2078-5631-2020-19-6-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krivoshapova KE, Vegner EA, Terentyeva NA, et al. Frailty syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease. Medical alphabet. 2020;1(19):6-10. (In Russ.) doi:10.33667/2078-5631-2020-19-6-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(3):407-77. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(3):407-77. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткачева О. Н., Котовская Ю. В., Рунихина Н . К . и др. Клинические рекомендации "Старческая астения". Российский журнал гериатрической медицины. 2020;1:11-46. doi:10.37586/2686-8636-1-2020-11-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkacheva ON, Kotovskaya YV, Runikhina NK, et al. Clinical guidelines on frailty. Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine. 2020;1:11-46. (In Russ.) doi:10.37586/2686-8636-1-2020-11-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, et al. Epidemiology of multi-morbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2012;380(9836):37-43. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, et al. Epidemiology of multi-morbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2012;380(9836):37-43. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайфулин Р . А ., Сумин А . Н ., Иванов С . В . и др. Выживаемость после хирургического лечения больных с мультифокальным атеросклерозом в различных возрастных группах. Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. 2017;2:6-18. doi:10.17802/2306-1278-2017-2-6-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaifulin RA, Sumin AN, Ivanov SV, et al. Survival after surgical treatment of multifocal atherosclerosis in different age groups. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2017;2:6-18. (In Russ.) doi:10.17802/2306-1278-2017-2-6-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alegre O, Formiga F, López-Palop R, et al. LONGEVO-SCA registry investigators. An Easy Assessment of Frailty at Baseline Independently Predicts Prognosis in Very Elderly Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(4):296-303. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.10.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alegre O, Formiga F, López-Palop R, et al. LONGEVO-SCA registry investigators. An Easy Assessment of Frailty at Baseline Independently Predicts Prognosis in Very Elderly Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(4):296-303. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.10.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cook MJ, Oldroyd A, Pye SR, et al. EMAS Study Group. Frailty and bone health in European men. Age Ageing. 2017;46(4):635-41. doi:10.1093/ageing/afw205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cook MJ, Oldroyd A, Pye SR, et al. EMAS Study Group. Frailty and bone health in European men. Age Ageing. 2017;46(4):635-41. doi:10.1093/ageing/afw205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cook MJ, Verstappen SMM, Lunt M, et al. Increased frailty in people with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and the influence of co-morbidity: an analysis of the UK Biobank cohort. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2022;74(12):1989-96. doi:10.1002/acr.24747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cook MJ, Verstappen SMM, Lunt M, et al. Increased frailty in people with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and the influence of co-morbidity: an analysis of the UK Biobank cohort. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2022;74(12):1989-96. doi:10.1002/acr.24747.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afilalo J, Alexander KP, Mack MJ, et al. Frailty assessment in the cardiovascular care of older adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(8):747-62. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.09.070.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afilalo J, Alexander KP, Mack MJ, et al. Frailty assessment in the cardiovascular care of older adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(8):747-62. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.09.070.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murali-Krishnan R, Iqbal J, Rowe R, et al. Impact of frailty on outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective cohort study. Open Heart. 2015;2(1):e000294. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2015-000294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murali-Krishnan R, Iqbal J, Rowe R, et al. Impact of frailty on outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective cohort study. Open Heart. 2015;2(1):e000294. doi:10.1136/openhrt-2015-000294.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dumurgier J, Elbaz A, Ducimetière P, et al. Slow walking speed and cardiovascular death in well functioning older adults: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009;339:b4460. doi:10.1136/bmj.b4460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dumurgier J, Elbaz A, Ducimetière P, et al. Slow walking speed and cardiovascular death in well functioning older adults: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009;339:b4460. doi:10.1136/bmj.b4460.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pulignano G, Del Sindaco D, Di Lenarda A, et al. IMAGE-HF Study Investigators. Incremental Value of Gait Speed in Predicting Prognosis of Older Adults with Heart Failure: Insights from the IMAGE-HF Study. JACC Heart Fail. 2016;4(4):289-98. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2015.12.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pulignano G, Del Sindaco D, Di Lenarda A, et al. IMAGE-HF Study Investigators. Incremental Value of Gait Speed in Predicting Prognosis of Older Adults with Heart Failure: Insights from the IMAGE-HF Study. JACC Heart Fail. 2016;4(4):289-98. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2015.12.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon EH, Peel NM, Samanta M, et al. Sex differences in frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2017;89:30-40. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon EH, Peel NM, Samanta M, et al. Sex differences in frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2017;89:30-40. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collard RM, Boter H, Schoevers RA, et al. Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(8):1487-92. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collard RM, Boter H, Schoevers RA, et al. Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(8):1487-92. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woods NF, LaCroix AZ, Gray SL, et al. Women’s Health Initiative. Frailty: emergence and consequences in women aged 65 and older in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(8):1321-30. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53405.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woods NF, LaCroix AZ, Gray SL, et al. Women’s Health Initiative. Frailty: emergence and consequences in women aged 65 and older in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(8):1321-30. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53405.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitnitski AB, Song X, Rockwood K. The estimation of relative fitness and frailty in community-dwelling older adults using self-report data. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59(6):M627-32. doi:10.1093/gerona/59.6.m627.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitnitski AB, Song X, Rockwood K. The estimation of relative fitness and frailty in community-dwelling older adults using self-report data. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59(6):M627-32. doi:10.1093/gerona/59.6.m627.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berges IM, Graham JE, Ostir GV, et al. Sex differences in mortality among older frail Mexican Americans. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18(10):1647-51. doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.1083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berges IM, Graham JE, Ostir GV, et al. Sex differences in mortality among older frail Mexican Americans. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18(10):1647-51. doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.1083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">García-González JJ, García-Peña C, Franco-Marina F, et al. A frailty index to predict the mortality risk in a population of senior Mexican adults. BMC Geriatr. 2009;9:47. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-9-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">García-González JJ, García-Peña C, Franco-Marina F, et al. A frailty index to predict the mortality risk in a population of senior Mexican adults. BMC Geriatr. 2009;9:47. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-9-47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
