cardiovascularКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактикаCardiovascular Therapy and Prevention1728-88002619-0125«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3552cardiovascular-3552Research ArticleМЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИMETHODICAL GUIDELINESУльтразвук-ассистированная оценка толщины висцеральной и подкожной жировой ткани. Методические рекомендацииUltrasound-assisted assessment of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. Methodological guidelinesДрапкинаО. М.DrapkinaO. M.

Академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, директор НМИЦ ТПМ Минздрава России, главный внештатный специалист по терапии и общей врачебной практике Минздрава России.

Москва

Moscow

АнгарскийР. К.AngarskyR. K.

Врач-ультразвуковой диагностики, врач лучевой диагностики, врач-терапевт НМИЦ ТПМ Минздрава России.

Москва

Moscow

РогожкинаЕ. А.RogozhkinaE. A.

Лаборант-исследователь отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения НМИЦ ТПМ Минздрава России.

Москва

Moscow

МаксимоваО. A.MaksimovaO. A.

Лаборант-исследователь отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения НМИЦ ТПМ Минздрава России.

Москва

Moscow

ИвановаА. А.IvanovaA. A.

Врач-кардиолог, младший научный сотрудник отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения НМИЦ ТПМ Минздрава России.

Москва

Moscow

ЗятенковаЕ. В.ZyatenkovaE. V.

Кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель клиники предиктивной и интегративной медицины, врач-терапевт, кардиолог, гастроэнтеролог, врач превентивной и интегративной медицины НМИЦ ТПМ Минздрава России.

Москва

Moscow

ДжиоеваО. Н.DzhioevaO. N.

Доктор медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории кардиовизуализации, вегетативной регуляции и сомнологии НМИЦ ТПМ Минздрава России; профессор кафедры терапии и профилактической медицины ФДПО МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова.

Москва

Moscow

o.dzhioeva@yandex.ruРоссийское общество профилактики неинфекционных заболеванийRussian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases20231004202322335523552Copyright © Драпкина О.М., Ангарский Р.К., Рогожкина Е.А., Максимова О.A., Иванова А.А., Зятенкова Е.В., Джиоева О.Н., 20232023Драпкина О.М., Ангарский Р.К., Рогожкина Е.А., Максимова О.A., Иванова А.А., Зятенкова Е.В., Джиоева О.Н.Drapkina O.M., Angarsky R.K., Rogozhkina E.A., Maksimova O.A., Ivanova A.A., Zyatenkova E.V., Dzhioeva O.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3552

Методические рекомендации разработаны для врачей терапевтов стационаров, врачей общей практики, врачей участковых терапевтов, фельдшеров, осуществляющих оказание медицинской помощи в соответствии с профессиональным стандартом "врач-терапевт", "врач общей практики". Рекомендации составлены на основе согласительных документов, консенсусов экспертов, накопленного клинического и научного опыта. Подробно описана методика организации и проведения ультразвук-ассистированной оценки висцеральной жировой ткани. В помощь практическому врачу представлены алгоритмы диагностики висцерального ожирения. Особое внимание уделено методологии оценки скопления висцерального жира с помощью ультразвук-ассистированного осмотра. Настоящие методические рекомендации будут интересны для врачей, руководителей медицинских организаций, а также для студентов медицинских ВУЗов.

Methodological guidelines have been developed for inpatient internists, general practitioners, paramedics providing healthcare care in accordance with the professional standard "internist", "general practitioner". The guidelines are based on consensus papers, accumulated clinical and scientific experience. The methodology for organizing and conducting an ultrasound-assisted assessment of visceral adipose tissue is described in detail. Algorithms for diagnosing visceral obesity are presented to help the practitioner. Particular attention is paid to visceral fat assessment using ultrasound-assisted examination. These guidelines will be of interest to doctors, heads of healthcare facilities, as well as students of medical universities.

ультразвук-ассистированный осмотралгоритмы диагностикивисцеральное ожирениетолщина жировой тканиметодические рекомендацииultrasound-assisted examinationdiagnostic algorithmsvisceral obesityadipose tissue thicknessguidelinesReferencesKoenen M, Hill MA, Cohen P, et al. Obesity, Adipose Tissue and Vascular Dysfunction. Circ Res. 2021;128(7):951-68. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318093.Koenen M, Hill MA, Cohen P, et al. Obesity, Adipose Tissue and Vascular Dysfunction. Circ Res. 2021;128(7):951-68. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318093.Mead E, Brown T, Rees K, et al. Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;6:CD012651. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012651.Mead E, Brown T, Rees K, et al. Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;6:CD012651. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012651.Stefan N, Haring H-U, Hu FB, et al. Metabolically healthy obesity: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical implications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013;1:152-62. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70062-7.Stefan N, Haring H-U, Hu FB, et al. Metabolically healthy obesity: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical implications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013;1:152-62. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70062-7.Самородская И. В. Индекс массы тела и парадокс ожирения. Русский медицинский журнал. 2014;2:170.Samorodskaya IV. Body mass index and the obesity paradox. Russian Medical Journal. 2014;2:170. (In Russ.)Doyle SL, Donohoe CL, Lysaght J, et al. Visceral obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and cancer. Proc Nutr Soc. 2012;71:181-9. doi:10.1017/S002966511100320X.Doyle SL, Donohoe CL, Lysaght J, et al. Visceral obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and cancer. Proc Nutr Soc. 2012;71:181-9. doi:10.1017/S002966511100320X.Britton KA, Massaro JM, Murabito JM, et al. Body fat distribution, incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:921-5. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.06.027.Britton KA, Massaro JM, Murabito JM, et al. Body fat distribution, incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:921-5. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.06.027.Thomas EL, Frost G, Taylor-Robinson SD, et al. Excess body fat in obese and normal-weight subjects. Nutr Res Rev. 2012;25:150-61. doi:10.1017/S0954422412000054.Thomas EL, Frost G, Taylor-Robinson SD, et al. Excess body fat in obese and normal-weight subjects. Nutr Res Rev. 2012;25:150-61. doi:10.1017/S0954422412000054.Драпкина О.М., Ким О. Т. Эпигенетика ожирения. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2020;19(6):2632. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2632.Drapkina OM, Kim OT. Epigenetics of obesity. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2020;19(6):2632. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2632.Yengo L, Sidorenko J, Kemper KE, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for height and body mass index in ~700000 individuals of European ancestry. Hum Mol Genet. 2018;27(20):3641-9. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddy271.Yengo L, Sidorenko J, Kemper KE, et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for height and body mass index in ~700000 individuals of European ancestry. Hum Mol Genet. 2018;27(20):3641-9. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddy271.Lapidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B, et al. Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenberg, Sweden. Br Med J. 1984;289:1257-61. doi:10.1136/bmj.289.6454.1257.Lapidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B, et al. Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenberg, Sweden. Br Med J. 1984;289:1257-61. doi:10.1136/bmj.289.6454.1257.Larsson B, Svardsudd K, Welin L, et al. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913. BMJ. 1984;288:1401-4. doi:10.1136/bmj.288.6428.1401.Larsson B, Svardsudd K, Welin L, et al. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913. BMJ. 1984;288:1401-4. doi:10.1136/bmj.288.6428.1401.Thomas EL, Fitzpatrick JA, Malik SJ, et al. Whole body fat: content and distribution. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc. 2013;73:56-80. doi:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.04.001.Thomas EL, Fitzpatrick JA, Malik SJ, et al. Whole body fat: content and distribution. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc. 2013;73:56-80. doi:10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.04.001.Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T, Nakamura T. The concept of metabolic syndrome: contribution of visceral fat accumulation and its molecular mechanism. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2011;18:629-39. doi:10.5551/jat.7922.Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T, Nakamura T. The concept of metabolic syndrome: contribution of visceral fat accumulation and its molecular mechanism. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2011;18:629-39. doi:10.5551/jat.7922.Aung KK, Lorenzo C, Hinojosa MA, Haffner SM. Risk of Developing Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight and Metabolically Healthy Obese Individuals. J. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metabolism. 2013:2013-832.Aung KK, Lorenzo C, Hinojosa MA, Haffner SM. Risk of Developing Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight and Metabolically Healthy Obese Individuals. J. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metabolism. 2013:2013-832.Vague J. The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: a factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout, and uric calculous disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1956;4:20-34. doi:10.1093/ajcn/4.1.20.Vague J. The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: a factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout, and uric calculous disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1956;4:20-34. doi:10.1093/ajcn/4.1.20.Krotkiewski M, Bjorntorp P, Sjostrom L, et al. Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women. Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution. J Clin Invest. 1983;72:1150-62. doi:10.1172/JCI111040.Krotkiewski M, Bjorntorp P, Sjostrom L, et al. Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women. Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution. J Clin Invest. 1983;72:1150-62. doi:10.1172/JCI111040.Ohlson LO, Larsson B, Svardsudd K, et al. The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. 135 years of follow-up of the participants in the study of men born in 1913. Diabetes. 1985;34:1055-8. doi:10.2337/diab.34.10.1055.Ohlson LO, Larsson B, Svardsudd K, et al. The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. 135 years of follow-up of the participants in the study of men born in 1913. Diabetes. 1985;34:1055-8. doi:10.2337/diab.34.10.1055.Tokunaga K, Matsuzawa Y, Ishikawa K, Tarui S. A novel technique for the determination of body fat by computed tomography. Int J Obes. 1983;7:437-45.Tokunaga K, Matsuzawa Y, Ishikawa K, Tarui S. A novel technique for the determination of body fat by computed tomography. Int J Obes. 1983;7:437-45.Ramos-Lopez O, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, et al. Prediction of Blood Lipid Phenotypes Using Obesity-Related Genetic Polymorphisms and Lifestyle Data in Subjects with Excessive Body Weight. Int J Genomics. 2018;2018:4283078. doi:10.1155/2018/4283078.Ramos-Lopez O, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, et al. Prediction of Blood Lipid Phenotypes Using Obesity-Related Genetic Polymorphisms and Lifestyle Data in Subjects with Excessive Body Weight. Int J Genomics. 2018;2018:4283078. doi:10.1155/2018/4283078.Chaston TB, Dixon JB. Factors associated with percent change in visceral versus subcutaneous abdominal fat during weight loss: findings from a systematic review. Int J Obes. 2008;32:619-28. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803761.Chaston TB, Dixon JB. Factors associated with percent change in visceral versus subcutaneous abdominal fat during weight loss: findings from a systematic review. Int J Obes. 2008;32:619-28. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803761.Mahabadi AA, Massaro JM, Rosito GA, et al. Association of pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, visceral abdominal fat with cardiovascular disease burden: the Framingham Heart Study. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:850-6. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn573.Mahabadi AA, Massaro JM, Rosito GA, et al. Association of pericardial fat, intrathoracic fat, visceral abdominal fat with cardiovascular disease burden: the Framingham Heart Study. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:850-6. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn573.Ludescher B, Machann J, Eschweiler GW, et al. Correlation of fat distribution in whole body MRI with generally used anthropometric data. Invest Radiol. 2009;44:712-9. doi:10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181afbb1e.Ludescher B, Machann J, Eschweiler GW, et al. Correlation of fat distribution in whole body MRI with generally used anthropometric data. Invest Radiol. 2009;44:712-9. doi:10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181afbb1e.Kullberg J, Brandberg J, Angelhed JE, et al. Whole-body adipose tissue analysis: comparison of MRI, CT, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Br J Radiol. 2009;82:123-30. doi:10.1259/bjr/80083156.Kullberg J, Brandberg J, Angelhed JE, et al. Whole-body adipose tissue analysis: comparison of MRI, CT, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Br J Radiol. 2009;82:123-30. doi:10.1259/bjr/80083156.Silver HJ, Niswender KD, Kullberg J, et al. Comparison of gross body fat-water magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla to dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry in obese women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21:765-74. doi:10.1002/oby.20287.Silver HJ, Niswender KD, Kullberg J, et al. Comparison of gross body fat-water magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla to dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry in obese women. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21:765-74. doi:10.1002/oby.20287.Trayhurn P, Wood IS. Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue. British Journal of Nutrition. 2004;92(3):347-55. doi:10.1079/bjn20041213.Trayhurn P, Wood IS. Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue. British Journal of Nutrition. 2004;92(3):347-55. doi:10.1079/bjn20041213.Fox CS, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, et al. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2007;116(1):39-48. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355.Fox CS, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, et al. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2007;116(1):39-48. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355.Nakanishi K, Fukuda S, Tanaka A, et al. Relationships between periventricular epicardial adipose tissue accumulation, coronary microcirculation, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;33(11):1489-97. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2017.08.001.Nakanishi K, Fukuda S, Tanaka A, et al. Relationships between periventricular epicardial adipose tissue accumulation, coronary microcirculation, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;33(11):1489-97. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2017.08.001.Kossaify A, Nicolas N. Impact of overweight and obesity on left ventricular diastolic function and value of tissue Doppler echocardiography. Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology. 2013;7:43-50. doi:10.4137/CMC.S11156.Kossaify A, Nicolas N. Impact of overweight and obesity on left ventricular diastolic function and value of tissue Doppler echocardiography. Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology. 2013;7:43-50. doi:10.4137/CMC.S11156.Negi SI, Jeong EM, Shukrullah I, et al. Association of low plasma adiponectin with early diastolic dysfunction. Congestive Heart Failure (Greenwich, Conn.). 2011;18(4):187-91. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00276.x.Negi SI, Jeong EM, Shukrullah I, et al. Association of low plasma adiponectin with early diastolic dysfunction. Congestive Heart Failure (Greenwich, Conn.). 2011;18(4):187-91. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00276.x.Casaclang-Verzosa G, Gersh BJ, Tsang TS. Structural and functional remodeling of the left atrium: clinical and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2008;51(1):1-11. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.026.Casaclang-Verzosa G, Gersh BJ, Tsang TS. Structural and functional remodeling of the left atrium: clinical and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2008;51(1):1-11. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.026.Bailey GW, Braniff BA, Hancock EW, Cohn KE. Relation of left atrial pathology to atrial fibrillation in mitral valvular disease. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1968;69(1):13-20. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-69-1-13.Bailey GW, Braniff BA, Hancock EW, Cohn KE. Relation of left atrial pathology to atrial fibrillation in mitral valvular disease. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1968;69(1):13-20. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-69-1-13.Henry WL, Morganroth J, Pearlman AS, et al. Relation between echocardiographically determined left atrial size and atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 1976;53(2):273-9. doi:10.1161/01.cir.53.2.273.Henry WL, Morganroth J, Pearlman AS, et al. Relation between echocardiographically determined left atrial size and atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 1976;53(2):273-9. doi:10.1161/01.cir.53.2.273.Ионин В.А., Заславская Е.Л., Барашкова Е. И. и др. Предикторы рецидива фибрилляции предсердий у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом после радиочастотной изоляции устьев легочных вен. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2022;27(3S):5184. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5184.Ionin VA, Zaslavskaya EL, Barashkova EI, et al. Predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients with metabolic syndrome after pulmonary vein isolation. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2022;27(3S):5184. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5184.Чумакова Г. А., Гриценко О. В., Груздева О. В., Затеев А. В. Прогнозирование риска развития диастолической дисфункции левого желудочка при ожирении. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2022;27(4):4811. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-4811.Chumakova GA, Gritsenko OV, Gruzdeva OV, Zateev AV. Predicting the risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in obesity. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2022;27(4):4811. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-4811.Дружилов М. А., Кузнецова Т. Ю. Эпикардиальное висцеральное ожирение как предиктор тяжести течения COVID-19 у пациентов с избыточным весом и ожирением. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2022;27(3):4850. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-4850.Druzhilov MA, Kuznetsova TYu. Epicardial adiposity as a predictor of COVID-19 severity in overweight and obese patients. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2022;27(3):4850. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-4850.Le Jemtel TH, Samson R, Ayinapudi K, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue and cardiovascular disease. Current Hypertension Reports. 2019;21(5):36. doi:10.1007/s11906-019-0939-6.Le Jemtel TH, Samson R, Ayinapudi K, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue and cardiovascular disease. Current Hypertension Reports. 2019;21(5):36. doi:10.1007/s11906-019-0939-6.Чумакова Г.А., Веселовская Н.Г. Методы оценки висцерального ожирения в клинической практике. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2016;(4):89-96. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2016-4-89-96.Chumakova GA, Veselovskaya NG. Methods of visceral obesity assessment in clinical practice. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2016;(4):89-96. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2016-4-89-96.Wang TJ, Parise H, Levy D, et al. Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. JAMA. 2004;292(20):2471-7. doi:10.1001/jama.292.20.2471.Wang TJ, Parise H, Levy D, et al. Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. JAMA. 2004;292(20):2471-7. doi:10.1001/jama.292.20.2471.Ansaldo AM, Montecucco F, Sahebkar A, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue and cardiovascular diseases. International journal of Cardiology. 2019;278:254-60. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.09.089.Ansaldo AM, Montecucco F, Sahebkar A, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue and cardiovascular diseases. International journal of Cardiology. 2019;278:254-60. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.09.089.Pugliese NR, Paneni F, Mazzola M, et al. Impact of epicardial adipose tissue on cardiovascular haemodynamics, metabolic profile, and prognosis in heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2021;23(11):1858-71. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2337.Pugliese NR, Paneni F, Mazzola M, et al. Impact of epicardial adipose tissue on cardiovascular haemodynamics, metabolic profile, and prognosis in heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2021;23(11):1858-71. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2337.Hendricks S, Dykun I, Balcer B, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue is a robust measure of increased risk of myocardial infarction — a meta-analysis on over 6600 patients and rationale for the EPIC-ACS study. Medicine. 2021;100(52):e28060. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000028060.Hendricks S, Dykun I, Balcer B, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue is a robust measure of increased risk of myocardial infarction — a meta-analysis on over 6600 patients and rationale for the EPIC-ACS study. Medicine. 2021;100(52):e28060. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000028060.Fisser C, Colling S, Debl K, et al. The impact of epicardial adipose tissue in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2021;10(10):1637-46. doi:10.1007/s00392-021-01865-4.Fisser C, Colling S, Debl K, et al. The impact of epicardial adipose tissue in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2021;10(10):1637-46. doi:10.1007/s00392-021-01865-4.Jung ED, Chung DS, Lee J. The correlation between visceral fat distance measured by ultrasonography and visceral fat amount by computed tomography in type 2 diabetes. Korean Diabetes Journal. 2008;32(5):418-27. doi:10.4093/kdj.2008.32.5.418.Jung ED, Chung DS, Lee J. The correlation between visceral fat distance measured by ultrasonography and visceral fat amount by computed tomography in type 2 diabetes. Korean Diabetes Journal. 2008;32(5):418-27. doi:10.4093/kdj.2008.32.5.418.Pimanov S, Bondarenko V, Makarenko E. Visceral fat in different locations assessed by ultrasound: Correlation with computed tomography and cut-off values in patients with metabolic syndrome. Clin. Obes. 2020;10(6):e12404. doi:10.1111/cob.12404.Pimanov S, Bondarenko V, Makarenko E. Visceral fat in different locations assessed by ultrasound: Correlation with computed tomography and cut-off values in patients with metabolic syndrome. Clin. Obes. 2020;10(6):e12404. doi:10.1111/cob.12404.Mauad FM, Chagas-Neto FA, Benedeti ACGS, et al. Reproducibility of abdominal fat assessment by ultrasound and computed tomography. Radiol. Bras. 2017;50(3):141-7. doi:10.1590/0100-3984.2016.0023.Mauad FM, Chagas-Neto FA, Benedeti ACGS, et al. Reproducibility of abdominal fat assessment by ultrasound and computed tomography. Radiol. Bras. 2017;50(3):141-7. doi:10.1590/0100-3984.2016.0023.Neeland IJ, Ross R, Despres JP, et al. Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(9):715-25. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30084-1.Neeland IJ, Ross R, Despres JP, et al. Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(9):715-25. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30084-1.Abergel E, Tase M, Bohlender J, et al. Which definition for echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy? American Journal of Cardiology. 1995;75(7):498-502. doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80589-x.Abergel E, Tase M, Bohlender J, et al. Which definition for echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy? American Journal of Cardiology. 1995;75(7):498-502. doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80589-x.Sugimoto T, Dulgheru R, Bernard A, et al. Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left ventricular 2D strain: results from the EACVI NORRE study. European Heart Journal — Cardiovascular Imaging. 2017;18(8):833-40. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jex140.Sugimoto T, Dulgheru R, Bernard A, et al. Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left ventricular 2D strain: results from the EACVI NORRE study. European Heart Journal — Cardiovascular Imaging. 2017;18(8):833-40. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jex140.Pathan F, D'Elia N, Nolan MT, et al. Normal ranges of left atrial strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2017;30(1):59-70.e8. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2016.09.007.Pathan F, D'Elia N, Nolan MT, et al. Normal ranges of left atrial strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2017;30(1):59-70.e8. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2016.09.007.Василькова Т.Н., Баклаева Т.Б., Матаев С.И., Рыбина Ю. А. Влияние различных типов жироотложения на состояние сердечно-сосудистой системы. Сердце: Журнал для практикующих врачей. 2014;13(1):45-9. EDN VHFZZL.Vasilkova TN, Balaeva TB, Mataev SI, Rybina YuA. The influence of various types of fat deposition on the state of the cardiovascular system. Heart: A journal for practicing physicians. 2014;13(1):45-9. (In Russ.) EDN VHFZZL.Bondarenko VM, Pimanov SI, Makarenko EV. Ultrasound diagnosing of visceral adiposity. Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus Vestnik VGMU. 2017;16(1):71-9. doi:10.22263/2312-4156.2017.1.71.Bondarenko VM, Pimanov SI, Makarenko EV. Ultrasound diagnosing of visceral adiposity. Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus Vestnik VGMU. 2017;16(1):71-9. doi:10.22263/2312-4156.2017.1.71.Hirooka M, Kumagi T, Kurose K, et al. A Technique for the Measurement of Visceral Fat by Ultrasonography: Comparison of Measurements by Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography. Internal Medicine. 2005;44(8):794-9. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.44.794.Hirooka M, Kumagi T, Kurose K, et al. A Technique for the Measurement of Visceral Fat by Ultrasonography: Comparison of Measurements by Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography. Internal Medicine. 2005;44(8):794-9. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.44.794.Драпкина О.М., Джиоева О. Н., Балахонова Т. В. и др. Ультразвук-ассистированный осмотр в практике врача-терапевта. Методические рекомендации. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2023;22(1):3523. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3523.Drapkina OM, Dzhioeva ON, Balakhonova TV, et al. Ultrasound-assisted examination in internal medicine practice. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2023;22(1):3523. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3523.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.