<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3557</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-3557</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИШЕМИЧЕСКАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ СЕРДЦА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CORONARY HEART DISEASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Показатели смертности от острых форм ишемической болезни сердца и внезапной сердечной смерти в регионах Российской Федерации в 2019-2021 годах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mortality rates of acute types of coronary artery disease and sudden cardiac death in the Russian regions in 2019-2021</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9320-1503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самородская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samorodskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самородская Ирина Владимировна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samor2000@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2250-5942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бубнова</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bubnova</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бубнова Марина Геннадьевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отдела реабилитации и вторичной профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mbubnova@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4302-258X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акулова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akulova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акулова Оксана Александровна — кандидат медицинских наук, врач-кардиолог.</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akulaox@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-4180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроушко</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroushko</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остроушко Надежда Игоревна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры управления в здравоохранении.</p><p> Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostroushko100@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-4521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Драпкина Оксана Михайловна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drapkina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ "Курганский областной кардиологический диспансер"</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kurgan Regional Cardiology Dispensary</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко" Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>3557</fpage><lpage>3557</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Самородская И.В., Бубнова М.Г., Акулова О.А., Остроушко Н.И., Драпкина О.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самородская И.В., Бубнова М.Г., Акулова О.А., Остроушко Н.И., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samorodskaya I.V., Bubnova M.G., Akulova O.A., Ostroushko N.I., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3557">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3557</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сравнение стандартизованных коэффициентов смертности (СКС) от острых форм (ОФ) ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) и внезапной сердечной смерти (ВСС) с оценкой их региональной вариабельности в Российской Федерации (РФ) в 2019-2021гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Данные Росстата о среднегодовой численности населения и числе умерших в однолетних возрастных группах за 2019-2021гг в 82 субъектах РФ от ОФ ИБС и ВСС на основе "Краткой номенклатуры причин смерти Росстата" (КНПСР) — отдельной строкой учитываются следующие коды Международной классификации болезней, травм и причин смерти 10-го пересмот­ра (МКБ-10): I21.0-9 (острый первичный) инфаркт миокарда (ИМ), I22.0-9 (повторный ИМ), I20, I24.1-9 (другие формы острой ИБС), I46.1 (ВСС). СКС рассчитывались на основе Европейского стандарта на 100 тыс. населения. Вычислялись среднерегиональные значения СКС (M±SD), коэффициенты вариации (Сv), непараметрический Т-критерий Вилкоксона с поправкой Бонферрони (значимыми считались различия при р&lt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среднерегиональные значения СКС от суммы причин — ОФ ИБС и ВСС за 2019, 2020 и 2021гг значимо не изменились и составили: 52,3±33,72, 53,84±36,17, 53,58±34,55, соответственно. Ежегодный прирост среднерегионального СКС за этот период отмечался от острого ИМ — 23,59±11,01, 24,85±10,92, 25,73±11,38, и других ОФ ИБС — 19,47±26,17, 19,78±27,45; 20,54±26,79, соответственно в 2019, 2020 и 2021гг. Значимое снижение СКС произошло только от повторного ИМ: с 7,19±5,38 до 6,97±5,97 за 2019-2020гг (р=0,048) и до 4,99±4,25 в 2021г (р=0,023 к 2020г). В 18 субъектах РФ отмечалось ежегодное снижение СКС, а в остальных — разнонаправленная динамика. Прирост СКС от острого ИМ имел место в 23 субъектах РФ с минимальным Сv в 2020г и 2021г (44%). Максимальный Сv для ВСС регистрировался в 2021г (169%).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Смертность от ОФ ИБС и ВСС за 2019-2021гг в РФ характеризовалась стабильным уровнем и высокой региональной вариабельностью. Актуальной остается проблема совершенствования критериев установления ОФ ИБС и ВСС в качестве первоначальной причины смерти в случае отсутствия или недостаточности информации для применения универсальных критериев ИМ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To compare standardized mortality rates (SMR) from acute types of coronary artery disease (CAD) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) with an assessment of their regional variability in the Russian Federation in 2019-2021.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Rosstat data on the average annual population and the number of deaths in one-year age groups for 2019-2021 in 82 Russian subjects from acute types of CAD and SCD were analyzed using following ICD-10 codes: I21.0-9 (acute primary) myocardial in­­farction (MI), I22.0-9 (recurrent MI), I20, I24.1-9 (other forms of acute coronary artery disease), I46.1 (SCD). SMR was calculated based on the European standard per 100,000 population. Average regional SMR values (M±SD), coefficients of variation (СV), nonparametric Wilcoxon T-test with Bonferroni adjustment were calculated (differences were considered significant at р&lt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The average regional values of SMR from the sum of causes (acute types of CAD and SCD for 2019, 2020 and 2021) did not change significantly and amounted to 52,3±33,72; 53,84±36,17; 53,58±34,55, respectively. The annual increase in the average regional SMR for this period was noted from acute MI — 23,59±11,01; 24,85±10,92; 25,73±11,38, and other OF CAD — 19,47±26,17, 19,78±27,45; 20,54±26,79, respectively, in 2019, 2020 and 2021. A significant decrease in SMR occurred only from recurrent MI: from 7,19±5,38 to 6,97±5,97 in 2019-2020 (p=0,048) and to 4,99±4,25 in 2021 (p=0,023 to 2020). In 18 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, an annual decrease in SMR was noted, and in the rest — multidirectional changes. The increase in SMR from acute MI took place in 23 subjects of the Russian Federation with a minimum CV in 2020 and 2021 (44%). The maximum CV for SMD was recorded in 2021 (169%).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Mortality from acute types of CAD and SMD for 2019-2021 in the Russian Federation was characterized by a stable level and high regional variability. The problem of improving the criteria for establishing acute types of CAD and SMD as the initial cause of death remains relevant in the absence or insufficiency of data for universal criteria for MI.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внезапная сердечная смерть</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>инфаркт миокарда</kwd><kwd>стандартизованный коэффициент смертности</kwd><kwd>острые формы ишемической болезни сердца</kwd><kwd>первоначальная причина смерти</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sudden cardiac death</kwd><kwd>coronary artery disease</kwd><kwd>myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>standardized mortality rate</kwd><kwd>acute coronary artery disease</kwd><kwd>underlying cause of death</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Semsarian C, Ingles J. Molecular autopsy in victims of inherited arrhythmias. J Arrhythm. 2016;32:359-65. doi:10.1016/j.joa.2015.09.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semsarian C, Ingles J. Molecular autopsy in victims of inherited arrhythmias. J Arrhythm. 2016;32:359-65. doi:10.1016/j.joa.2015.09.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar A, Avishay DM, Jones CR, et al. Sudden cardiac death: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2021;22(1):147-58. doi:10.31083/j.rcm.2021.01.207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar A, Avishay DM, Jones CR, et al. Sudden cardiac death: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2021;22(1):147-58. doi:10.31083/j.rcm.2021.01.207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng YT, Feng XF. Sudden cardiac death in patients with myo­cardial infarction: 1.5 primary prevention. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2021;22(3):807-16. doi:10.31083/j.rcm2203087.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng YT, Feng XF. Sudden cardiac death in patients with myo­cardial infarction: 1.5 primary prevention. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2021;22(3):807-16. doi:10.31083/j.rcm2203087.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Myerburg RJ, Junttila MJ. Sudden cardiac death caused by coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2012;125:1043-52. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023846.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myerburg RJ, Junttila MJ. Sudden cardiac death caused by coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2012;125:1043-52. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.023846.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong CX, Brown A, Lau DH, et al. Epidemiology of Sudden Cardiac Death: Global and Regional Perspectives. Heart Lung Circ. 2019;28(1):6-14. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2018.08.026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong CX, Brown A, Lau DH, et al. Epidemiology of Sudden Cardiac Death: Global and Regional Perspectives. Heart Lung Circ. 2019;28(1):6-14. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2018.08.026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markwerth P, Bajanowski T, Tzimas I, Dettmeyer R. Sudden cardiac death-update. Int J Legal Med. 2021;135(2):483-95. doi:10.1007/s00414-020-02481-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markwerth P, Bajanowski T, Tzimas I, Dettmeyer R. Sudden cardiac death-update. Int J Legal Med. 2021;135(2):483-95. doi:10.1007/s00414-020-02481-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, et al. American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(9):e139-596. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, et al. American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(9):e139-596. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yadav R, Bansal R, Budakoty S, Barwad P. COVID-19 and sudden cardiac death: A new potential risk. Indian Heart J. 2020;72(5):333-6. doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2020.10.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yadav R, Bansal R, Budakoty S, Barwad P. COVID-19 and sudden cardiac death: A new potential risk. Indian Heart J. 2020;72(5):333-6. doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2020.10.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marijon E, Karam N, Jost D, et al. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: a population-based, observational study. Lancet Publ Health. 2020;S2468-2667(20)30117-1. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(20)301171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marijon E, Karam N, Jost D, et al. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: a population-based, observational study. Lancet Publ Health. 2020;S2468-2667(20)30117-1. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(20)301171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baldi E, Sechi GM, Mare C, et al. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:496-8. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2010418.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baldi E, Sechi GM, Mare C, et al. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:496-8. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2010418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhatla A, Mayer MM, Adusumalli S, et al. COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17(9):1439-44. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.06.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhatla A, Mayer MM, Adusumalli S, et al. COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17(9):1439-44. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.06.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О. М., Самородская И. В., Явелов И. С., и др. Региональные различия показателей смертности от кардиологических причин в России: роль особенностей статистического учета. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2021;20(7):2928. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2928.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina OM, Samorodskaya IV, Yavelov IS, et al. Regional dif­ferences in cardiac mortality rates in Russia: the role of sta­tistical features. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2021;20(7):2928. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2928.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timonin S, Shkolnikov V, Andreev E, et al. Evidence of large systematic differences between countries in assigning ischaemic heart disease deaths to myocardial infarction: the contrasting examples of Russia and Norway. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;50(6):2082-90. doi:10.1093/ije/dyab188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timonin S, Shkolnikov V, Andreev E, et al. Evidence of large systematic differences between countries in assigning ischaemic heart disease deaths to myocardial infarction: the contrasting examples of Russia and Norway. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;50(6):2082-90. doi:10.1093/ije/dyab188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Правила формулировки судебно-медицинского и патологоанатомического диагнозов, выбора и кодирования причин смерти по МКБ-10: Руководство для врачей / под ред. Клевно В. А., Зайратьянца О. В. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2023.с.656. ISBN: 978-5-9704-7112-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rules of the formulation of the diagnosis, the choice and coding on MKB-10 of causes of death. A Guide for Doctors. Ed. by Klevno VA, Zayratyants OV. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2023. р.656. (In Russ.) ISBN: 978-5-9704-7112-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебедев Д. С., Михайлов Е. Н., Неминущий Н. М. и др. Желудочковые нарушения ритма. Желудочковые тахикардии и внезапная сердечная смерть. Клинические рекомендации 2020. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2021;26(7):4600. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4600.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedev DS, Mikhailov EN, Neminuschiy NM, et al. Ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardias and sudden cardiac death. 2020 Clinical guidelines. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2021;26(7):4600. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4600.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Khatib S, Stevenson W, Ackerman M, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(14):e91-220. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.054.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Khatib S, Stevenson W, Ackerman M, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(14):e91-220. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.054.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
