<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3564</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-3564</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВЕТ ЭКСПЕРТОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERT CONSENSUS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>"В фокусе гиперурикемия". Резолюция Cовета экспертов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>"Focus on hyperuricemia". The resolution of the Expert Council</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Драпкина Оксана Михайловна - президент Российского общества профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний (РОПНИЗ), директор ФГБУ «НМИЦ ТПМ» Минздрава России, главный внештатный специалист по терапии и общей врачебной практике Минздрава России, академик РАН, профессор.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drapkina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-2051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазуров</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазуров Вадим Иванович - академик РАН, профессор, проректор по клинической работе, директор НИИ ревматологии и заведующий кафедрой терапии, ревматологии, экспертизы временной нетрудоспособности и качества медицинской помощи им. Э.Э. Эйхвальда ФГБОУ ВО «СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maz.nwgmu@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0783-488X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартынов Анатолий Иванович - президент Российского научного медицинского общества терапевтов (РНМОТ), академик РАН, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии № 1 ФГБОУ ВО «МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">idjema@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-7256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайдукова</surname><given-names>И. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaidukova</surname><given-names>I. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайдукова Инна Зурабиевна - профессор кафедры терапии, ревматологии, экспертизы временной нетрудоспособности и качества медицинской помощи им. Э.Э. Эйхвальда ФГБОУ ВО СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России, заместитель директора НИИ ревматологии.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ubp1976@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6453-2976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дупляков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Duplyakov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дупляков Дмитрий Викторович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедры пропедевтической терапии ФГБОУ ВО «СамГМУ» Минздрава России; заместитель главного врача по медицинской части ГБУЗ «СОККД».</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ddup-yako-@gma-l.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-0349</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невзорова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevzorova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Невзорова Вера Афанасьевна - профессор, директор института терапии и инструментальной диагностики ФГБОУ ВО «ТГМУ» Минздрава России, главный внештатный терапевт Минздрава России в ДВФО.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nevzorova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-8225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроумова</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroumova</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остроумова Ольга Дмитриевна - профессор, заведующая кафедры терапии и полиморбидной патологии, профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезней ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostroumova.olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-592X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чесникова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chesnikova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чесникова Анна Ивановна - профессор, заведующий кафедрой внутренних болезней № 1 ФГБОУ ВО «РостГМУ» Минздрава России, главный внештатный специалист по терапии Минздрава России в ЮФО.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rostov-ossn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ТПМ» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России <country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «Самарский областной клинический кардиологический диспансер» <country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России <country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>3564</fpage><lpage>3564</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Драпкина О.М., Мазуров В.И., Мартынов А.И., Гайдукова И.З., Дупляков Д.В., Невзорова В.А., Остроумова О.Д., Чесникова А.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О.М., Мазуров В.И., Мартынов А.И., Гайдукова И.З., Дупляков Д.В., Невзорова В.А., Остроумова О.Д., Чесникова А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drapkina O.M., Mazurov V.I., Martynov A.I., Gaidukova I.Z., Duplyakov D.V., Nevzorova V.A., Ostroumova O.D., Chesnikova A.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3564">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3564</self-uri><abstract><p>Мочевая кислота (МК) — это конечный продукт пуринового обмена, являющийся основной составляющей клеточных запасов энергии, таких как аденозинтрифосфат (АТФ), а также компонентом дезоксирибонуклеиновой (ДНК) и рибонуклеиновой (РНК) кислот. На сегодняшний день в Российской Федерации нормальным показателем МК в сыворотке крови считается &lt;360 мкмоль/л (6 мг/дл) для женщин и  &lt;420 мкмоль/л (7 мг/дл) для мужчин [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>], в то время как Американская коллегия ревматологов рекомендует считать нормой уровень &lt;360 мкмоль/л (6 мг/дл) [2,3], а Британское общество ревматологов - &lt;300 мкмоль/л (5 мг/дл) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit4">4</xref>].</p><p>Гиперурикемия (повышение уровня МК в сыворотке крови) - широко распространенное метаболическое нарушение в Российской Федерации (16,8%) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>] и за рубежом (20,1%) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit2">2</xref>], чаще выявляется у мужчин и возрастает по мере старения [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Гиперурикемия (ГУ) в 1,9 раза чаще встречается у лиц с ИМТ 25-30 кг/м2 и в 4,2 раза чаще у лиц с ИМТ &gt;40 кг/м2 , по сравнению с пациентами с ИМТ &lt;25 кг/м2[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>].</p><p>В крупных эпидемиологических исследованиях было показано, что ГУ представляет собой модифицируемый фактор риска развития и прогрессирования основных хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, таких как артериальная гипертензия (в том числе преэклампсия) [5,6], атеросклеротические сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit7">7</xref>], хроническая сердечная недостаточность [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit8">8</xref>], сахарный диабет 2 типа (СД 2 типа), хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП), метаболический синдром [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit9">9</xref>], синдром обструктивного апноэ во сне [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit10">10</xref>]. Данные многочисленных эпидемиологических и проспективных исследований позволяют утверждать, что бессимптомная ГУ также выступает мощным, независимым и модифицируемым сердечно-сосудистым фактором риска. В связи с этим возникла необходимость разработать алгоритм инициации и интенсификации уратснижающей терапии у пациентов в зависимости от сердечно-сосудистого риска.</p><p>С этой целью 02 декабря 2022 г. под председательством академика РАН О.М. Драпкиной под эгидой Российского общества профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний состоялся Совет экспертов «В фокусе гиперурикемия». Группа экспертов была представлена ведущими специалистами в области терапии, кардиологии, общей врачебной практики, ревматологии, клинической фармакологии.  В результате объединения усилий была подготовлена резолюция, отражающая междисциплинарное мнение экспертов по различным аспектам проблемы гиперурикемии,  и  сформулированы  предложения.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперурикемия</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистый риск</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>хронические неинфекционные заболевания</kwd><kwd>уратснижающая терапия</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hyperuricemia</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>chronic non-communicable diseases</kwd><kwd>urate-lowering therapy</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шальнова С. А., Деев А. Д., Артамонова Г. В. и др. Гиперурикемия и ее корреляты в Российской популяции (результаты эпидемиологического исследования ЭССЕ-РФ). Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2014;10(2):153-9. doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2014-10-2-153-159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalnova SA, Deev AD, Artamonov GV, et al. Hyperuricemia and its correlates in the Russian population (results of ESSE-RF epidemiological study). Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2014;10(2):153-9. (In Russ.) doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2014-10-2-153-159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen-Xu M, Yokose C, Rai SK, et al. Contemporary Prevalence of Gout and Hyperuricemia in the United States and Decadal Trends: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2016. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(6):991-9. doi:10.1002/art.40807.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen-Xu M, Yokose C, Rai SK, et al. Contemporary Prevalence of Gout and Hyperuricemia in the United States and Decadal Trends: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2016. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(6):991-9. doi:10.1002/art.40807.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FitzGerald JD, Dalbeth N, Mikuls T, et al. 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020;72(6):744-60. doi:10.1002/acr.24180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">FitzGerald JD, Dalbeth N, Mikuls T, et al. 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020;72(6):744-60. doi:10.1002/acr.24180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hui M, Carr A, Cameron S, et al; British Society for Rheumatology Standards, Audit and Guidelines Working Group. The British Society for Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017;56(7):1246. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex250.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hui M, Carr A, Cameron S, et al; British Society for Rheumatology Standards, Audit and Guidelines Working Group. The British Society for Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017;56(7):1246. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex250.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson RJ, Kang DH, Feig D, et al. Is there a pathogenetic role for uric acid in hypertension and cardiovascular and renal disease? Hypertension. 2003;41(6):1183-90. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000069700.62727.C5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson RJ, Kang DH, Feig D, et al. Is there a pathogenetic role for uric acid in hypertension and cardiovascular and renal disease? Hypertension. 2003;41(6):1183-90. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000069700.62727.C5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bainbridge SA, Roberts JM. Uric acid as a pathogenic factor in preeclampsia. Placenta. 2008;29 Suppl A (Suppl A):S67-72. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2007.11.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bainbridge SA, Roberts JM. Uric acid as a pathogenic factor in preeclampsia. Placenta. 2008;29 Suppl A (Suppl A):S67-72. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2007.11.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feig DI, Kang DH, Johnson RJ. Uric acid and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(17):1811-21. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0800885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feig DI, Kang DH, Johnson RJ. Uric acid and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(17):1811-21. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0800885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларина В. Н., Ларин В. Г. Гиперурикемия и хроническая сердечная недостаточность: ­факторы риска и прогностические параллели. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(5):62-6. doi:10.26442/20751753.2020.5.200158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larina VN, Larin VG. Hyperuricemia and chronic heart failure: risk factors and prognostic parallels. Consilium Medicum. 2020;22(5):62-6. (In Russ.) doi:10.26442/20751753.2020.5.200158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson RJ, Kivlighn SD, Kim YG, et al. Reappraisal of the patho­genesis and consequences of hyperuricemia in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33(2):225-34. doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(99)70295-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson RJ, Kivlighn SD, Kim YG, et al. Reappraisal of the patho­genesis and consequences of hyperuricemia in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33(2):225-34. doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(99)70295-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hirotsu C, Tufik S, Guindalini C, et al. Association between uric acid levels and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a large epidemiological sample. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66891. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066891.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hirotsu C, Tufik S, Guindalini C, et al. Association between uric acid levels and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a large epidemiological sample. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66891. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066891.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benn CL, Dua P, Gurrell R, et al. Physiology of Hyperuricemia and Urate-Lowering Treatments. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018;5:160. doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benn CL, Dua P, Gurrell R, et al. Physiology of Hyperuricemia and Urate-Lowering Treatments. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018;5:160. doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Becker B, Borghi C, Burnier M, et al. Uric acid and hyper­ten­sion: a focused review and practical recommendations. J Hyper­tens. 2019;37(5):878-83. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Becker B, Borghi C, Burnier M, et al. Uric acid and hyper­ten­sion: a focused review and practical recommendations. J Hypertens. 2019;37(5):878-83. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Молчанова О. В., Бритов А. Н., Платонова Е. В. Значение повышенного уровня мочевой кислоты в развитии и профилактике хронических неинфекционных заболеваний. Профилактическая медицина. 2020;23(2):102-8. doi:10.17116/profmed202023021102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molchanova OV, Britov AN, Platonova EV. Importance of elevated uric acid levels in the development and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2020;23(2):102-8. (In Russ.) doi:10.17116/profmed202023021102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borghi C, Domienik-Karłowicz J, Tykarski A, et al. Expert con­sensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patient with hyper­uri­cemia and high cardiovascular risk: 2021 update. Cardiol J. 2021;28(1):1-14. doi:10.5603/CJ.a2021.0001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borghi C, Domienik-Karłowicz J, Tykarski A, et al. Expert con­sensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patient with hyper­uri­cemia and high cardiovascular risk: 2021 update. Cardiol J. 2021;28(1):1-14. doi:10.5603/CJ.a2021.0001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Virdis A, Masi S, Casiglia E, et al; from the Working Group on Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension. Identification of the Uric Acid Thresholds Predicting an Increased Total and Cardiovascular Mortality Over 20 Years. Hypertension. 2020;75(2):302-8. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13643.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Virdis A, Masi S, Casiglia E, et al; from the Working Group on Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension. Identification of the Uric Acid Thresholds Predicting an Increased Total and Cardiovascular Mortality Over 20 Years. Hypertension. 2020;75(2):302-8. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13643.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruggiero C, Cherubini A, Ble A, et al. Uric acid and inflamma­tory markers. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(10):1174-81. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi879.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruggiero C, Cherubini A, Ble A, et al. Uric acid and inflamma­tory markers. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(10):1174-81. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi879.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Comorbidities of gout and hyper­uricemia in the US general population: NHANES 2007-2008. Am J Med. 2012;125(7):679-87.e1. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.09.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Comorbidities of gout and hyper­uricemia in the US general population: NHANES 2007-2008. Am J Med. 2012;125(7):679-87.e1. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.09.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мазуров В. И., Гайдукова И. З., Башкинов Р. А. и др. Влияние бессимптомной гиперурикемии на течение коморбидной патологии у пациентов с остеоартритом и возможности ее коррекции. РМЖ. 2021;6:56-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazurov VI, Gaidukova IZ, Bashkinov RA, et al. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia impact on the comorbid pathology course in patients with osteoarthritis and the possibility of its correction. RMJ. 2021;6:56-62. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мазуров В. И., Гайдукова И. З., Цинзерлинг А. Ю. и др. Влияние бессимптомной гиперурикемии на частоту и структуру коморбидной патологии при ревматоидном артрите. Терапия. 2022;8(6):27-33. doi:10.18565/therapy.2022.6.27-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazurov VI, Gaydukova IZ, Cinzerling AY, et al. Effect of asym­ptomatic hyperuricemia on the incidence and pattern of comorbid pathology in rheumatoid arthritis. Therapy. 2022;8(6):27-33. (In Russ.) doi:10.18565/therapy.2022.6.27-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feig DI, Madero M, Jalal DI, et al. Uric acid and the origins of hypertension. J Pediatr. 2013;162(5):896-902. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.078. PMID: 23403249.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feig DI, Madero M, Jalal DI, et al. Uric acid and the origins of hypertension. J Pediatr. 2013;162(5):896-902. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.078. PMID: 23403249.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wheeler JG, Juzwishin KD, Eiriksdottir G, et al. Serum uric acid and coronary heart disease in 9,458 incident cases and 155,084 controls: prospective study and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2005;2(3):e76. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020076.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wheeler JG, Juzwishin KD, Eiriksdottir G, et al. Serum uric acid and coronary heart disease in 9,458 incident cases and 155,084 controls: prospective study and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2005;2(3):e76. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020076.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan L, Liu Z, Zhang C. Uric acid as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2014;70(3):1597-601. doi:10.1007/s12013-014-0101-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan L, Liu Z, Zhang C. Uric acid as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2014;70(3):1597-601. doi:10.1007/s12013-014-0101-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leyva F, Anker S, Swan JW, et al. Serum uric acid as an index of impaired oxidative metabolism in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 1997;18(5):858-65. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leyva F, Anker S, Swan JW, et al. Serum uric acid as an index of impaired oxidative metabolism in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 1997;18(5):858-65. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamariz L, Harzand A, Palacio A, et al. Uric acid as a predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure: a meta-analysis. Congest Heart Fail. 2011;17(1):25-30. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00200.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamariz L, Harzand A, Palacio A, et al. Uric acid as a predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure: a meta-analysis. Congest Heart Fail. 2011;17(1):25-30. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00200.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021-104. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021-104. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кобалава Ж. Д., Конради А. О., Недогода С. В. и др. Артериальная гипертензия у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации 2020. Рос­сийский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(3):3786. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobalava ZD, Konradi AO, Nedogoda SV, et al. Arterial hyper­tension in adults. Clinical guidelines 2020. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(3):3786. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О. М., Концевая А. В., Калинина А. М., и др. Профилактика хронических неинфекционных заболеваний в Российской Федерации. Национальное руководство 2022. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2022;21(4):3235. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3235.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina OM, Kontsevaya AV, Kalinina AM, et al. 2022 Prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases in the Russian Federation. National guidelines. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2022;21(4):3235. (In Russ). doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grayson PC, Kim SY, LaValley M, et al. Hyperuricemia and incident hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(1):102-10. doi:10.1002/acr.20344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grayson PC, Kim SY, LaValley M, et al. Hyperuricemia and incident hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(1):102-10. doi:10.1002/acr.20344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cicero AF, Salvi P, D’Addato S, et al.; Brisighella Heart Study group. Association between serum uric acid, hypertension, vascular stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis: data from the Brisighella Heart Study. J Hypertens. 2014;32(1):57-64. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328365b916.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cicero AF, Salvi P, D’Addato S, et al.; Brisighella Heart Study group. Association between serum uric acid, hypertension, vascular stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis: data from the Brisighella Heart Study. J Hypertens. 2014;32(1):57-64. doi:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328365b916.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi H, Neogi T, Stamp L, et al. New Perspectives in Rheu­matology: Implications of the Cardiovascular Safety of Febu­xostat and Allopurinol in Patients With Gout and Cardio­vascular Morbidities Trial and the Associated Food and Drug Administration Public Safety Alert. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018;70(11):1702-9. doi:10.1002/art.40583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi H, Neogi T, Stamp L, et al. New Perspectives in Rheu­matology: Implications of the Cardiovascular Safety of Febu­xostat and Allopurinol in Patients With Gout and Cardio­vascular Morbidities Trial and the Associated Food and Drug Administration Public Safety Alert. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018;70(11):1702-9. doi:10.1002/art.40583.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacIsaac RL, Salatzki J, Higgins P, et al. Allopurinol and Cardio­vascular Outcomes in Adults With Hypertension. Hypertension. 2016;67(3):535-40. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacIsaac RL, Salatzki J, Higgins P, et al. Allopurinol and Cardio­vascular Outcomes in Adults With Hypertension. Hypertension. 2016;67(3):535-40. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bickel C, Rupprecht HJ, Blankenberg S, et al. Serum uric acid as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89(1):12-7. doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(01)02155-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bickel C, Rupprecht HJ, Blankenberg S, et al. Serum uric acid as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89(1):12-7. doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(01)02155-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackenzie IS, Ford I, Walker A, et al; ALL-HEART study group. Multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end point trial of the efficacy of allopurinol therapy in improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ischaemic heart disease: protocol of the ALL-HEART study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(9):e013774. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013774.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackenzie IS, Ford I, Walker A, et al; ALL-HEART study group. Multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end point trial of the efficacy of allopurinol therapy in improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ischaemic heart disease: protocol of the ALL-HEART study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(9):e013774. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013774.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palazzuoli A, Ruocco G, De Vivo O, et al. Prevalence of Hyper­uricemia in Patients With Acute Heart Failure With Either Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiol. 2017;120(7):1146-50. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.06.057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palazzuoli A, Ruocco G, De Vivo O, et al. Prevalence of Hyper­uricemia in Patients With Acute Heart Failure With Either Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiol. 2017;120(7):1146-50. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.06.057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doehner W, Rauchhaus M, Florea VG, et al. Uric acid in cachectic and noncachectic patients with chronic heart failure: relationship to leg vascular resistance. Am Heart J. 2001;141(5):792-9. doi:10.1067/mhj.2001.114367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doehner W, Rauchhaus M, Florea VG, et al. Uric acid in cachectic and noncachectic patients with chronic heart failure: relationship to leg vascular resistance. Am Heart J. 2001;141(5):792-9. doi:10.1067/mhj.2001.114367.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishino M, Egami Y, Kawanami S, et al.; Osaka CardioVascular Conference (OCVC) — Heart Failure Investigators. Lowering Uric Acid May Improve Prognosis in Patients With Hyperuricemia and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(19):e026301. doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.026301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishino M, Egami Y, Kawanami S, et al.; Osaka CardioVascular Conference (OCVC) — Heart Failure Investigators. Lowering Uric Acid May Improve Prognosis in Patients With Hyperuricemia and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(19):e026301. doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.026301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beattie CJ, Fulton RL, Higgins P, et al. Allopurinol initiation and change in blood pressure in older adults with hyper­tension. Hypertension. 2014;64(5):1102-7. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03953.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beattie CJ, Fulton RL, Higgins P, et al. Allopurinol initiation and change in blood pressure in older adults with hyper­tension. Hypertension. 2014;64(5):1102-7. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03953.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubreuil M, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, et al. Allopurinol initiation and all-cause mortality in the general population. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(7):1368-72. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubreuil M, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, et al. Allopurinol initiation and all-cause mortality in the general population. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(7):1368-72. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei L, Fahey T, Struthers AD, et al. Association between allo­purinol and mortality in heart failure patients: a long-term follow-up study. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(9):1327-33. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02118.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei L, Fahey T, Struthers AD, et al. Association between allo­purinol and mortality in heart failure patients: a long-term follow-up study. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(9):1327-33. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02118.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li L, Yang C, Zhao Y, et al. Is hyperuricemia an independent risk factor for new-onset chronic kidney disease?: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on observational cohort studies. BMC Nephrol. 2014;15:122. doi:10.1186/1471-2369-15-122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li L, Yang C, Zhao Y, et al. Is hyperuricemia an independent risk factor for new-onset chronic kidney disease?: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on observational cohort studies. BMC Nephrol. 2014;15:122. doi:10.1186/1471-2369-15-122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Madero M, Sarnak MJ, Wang X, et al. Uric acid and long-term outcomes in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53(5):796-803. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Madero M, Sarnak MJ, Wang X, et al. Uric acid and long-term outcomes in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53(5):796-803. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oh CM, Park SK, Ryoo JH. Serum uric acid level is associated with the development of microalbuminuria in Korean men. Eur J Clin Invest. 2014;44(1):4-12. doi:10.1111/eci.12180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oh CM, Park SK, Ryoo JH. Serum uric acid level is associated with the development of microalbuminuria in Korean men. Eur J Clin Invest. 2014;44(1):4-12. doi:10.1111/eci.12180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uchida S, Chang WX, Ota T, et al. Targeting Uric Acid and the Inhibition of Progression to End-Stage Renal Disease–A Propensity Score Analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0145506. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145506.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uchida S, Chang WX, Ota T, et al. Targeting Uric Acid and the Inhibition of Progression to End-Stage Renal Disease–A Propensity Score Analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):e0145506. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145506.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma G, Dubey A, Nolkha N, et al. Hyperuricemia, urate-lowering therapy, and kidney outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021;13:1759720X211016661. doi:10.1177/1759720X211016661.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma G, Dubey A, Nolkha N, et al. Hyperuricemia, urate-lowering therapy, and kidney outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021;13:1759720X211016661. doi:10.1177/1759720X211016661.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pisano A, Cernaro V, Gembillo G, et al. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors for Improving Renal Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(11):2283. doi:10.3390/ijms18112283.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pisano A, Cernaro V, Gembillo G, et al. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors for Improving Renal Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(11):2283. doi:10.3390/ijms18112283.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su X, Xu B, Yan B, et al. Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0187550. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187550.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su X, Xu B, Yan B, et al. Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0187550. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187550.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luo Q, Cai Y, Zhao Q, et al. Effects of allopurinol on renal function in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail. 2022;44(1):806-14. doi:10.1080/0886022X.2022.2068443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luo Q, Cai Y, Zhao Q, et al. Effects of allopurinol on renal function in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail. 2022;44(1):806-14. doi:10.1080/0886022X.2022.2068443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishnan E, Pandya BJ, Chung L, et al. Hyperuricemia in young adults and risk of insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes: a 15-year follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;176(2):108-16. doi:10.1093/aje/kws002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krishnan E, Pandya BJ, Chung L, et al. Hyperuricemia in young adults and risk of insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes: a 15-year follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;176(2):108-16. doi:10.1093/aje/kws002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kodama S, Saito K, Yachi Y, et al. Association between serum uric acid and development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(9):1737-42. doi:10.2337/dc09-0288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kodama S, Saito K, Yachi Y, et al. Association between serum uric acid and development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(9):1737-42. doi:10.2337/dc09-0288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lv Q, Meng XF, He FF, et al. High serum uric acid and increased risk of type 2 diabetes: a systemic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56864. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056864.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lv Q, Meng XF, He FF, et al. High serum uric acid and increased risk of type 2 diabetes: a systemic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56864. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056864.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu Y, Zhu J, Gao L, et al. Hyperuricemia as an independent predictor of vascular complications and mortality in type 2 dia­betes patients: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e78206. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu Y, Zhu J, Gao L, et al. Hyperuricemia as an independent predictor of vascular complications and mortality in type 2 dia­betes patients: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e78206. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чазова И. Е., Жернакова Ю. В., Кисляк О. А. и др. Консенсус по ведению пациентов с гиперурикемией и высоким сердечно-сосудистым риском. Системные гипертензии. 2019;16(4):8-21. doi:10.26442/2075082X.2019.4.190686.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chazova IE, Zhernakova YuV, Kislyak OA, et al. Consensus on the management of patients with hyperuricemia and high cardiovascular risk. Systemic hypertension. 2019;16(4):8-21. (In Russ.) doi:10.26442/2075082X.2019.4.190686.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skoczyńska M, Chowaniec M, Szymczak A, et al. Pathophysiology of hyperuricemia and its clinical significance — a narrative review. Reumatologia. 2020;58(5):312-23. doi:10.5114/reum.2020.100140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skoczyńska M, Chowaniec M, Szymczak A, et al. Pathophysiology of hyperuricemia and its clinical significance — a narrative review. Reumatologia. 2020;58(5):312-23. doi:10.5114/reum.2020.100140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
