<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3751</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">EFBDEP</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-3751</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕРДЕЧНАЯ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEART FAILURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кишечная микробиота на различных стадиях сердечно-сосудистого континуума</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gut microbiota at different stages of cardiovascular disease continuum</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-1067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яфарова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yafarova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаборатории по изучению кишечной микробиоты человека отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yafarova-adel@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0850-5391</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дементьева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dementyeva</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант-исследователь.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alen9108@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9068-6768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Злобовская</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zlobovskaya</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., с.н.с.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">OZlobovskaya@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-3950</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселев</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент, зам. директора по научно-техническому развитию.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonkis@list.tu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7230-0780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шептулина</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheptulina</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ASheptulina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-0652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашниев</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashniev</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аналитик.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gashniev@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2349-9791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жамалов</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhamalov</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зам. начальника отдела организационно-методического управления и анализа оказания медицинской помощи.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.m.zhamalov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-0266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., начальник отдела анализа и прогнозирования медико-биологических рисков здоровью.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Makarov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-8004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, генеральный директор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Yudin@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Yudin@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью" ФМБА России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-3"><institution>Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Medical and Biological Health Risks</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>3751</fpage><lpage>3751</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яфарова А.А., Дементьева Е.В., Злобовская О.А., Киселев А.Р., Шептулина А.Ф., Ашниев Г.А., Жамалов Л.М., Макаров В.В., Юдин С.М., Драпкина О.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яфарова А.А., Дементьева Е.В., Злобовская О.А., Киселев А.Р., Шептулина А.Ф., Ашниев Г.А., Жамалов Л.М., Макаров В.В., Юдин С.М., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yafarova A.A., Dementyeva E.D., Zlobovskaya O.A., Kiselev A.R., Sheptulina A.F., Ashniev G.A., Zhamalov L.M., Makarov V.V., Yudin S.M., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3751">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3751</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить связь между составом кишечной микробиоты (КМ), клинико-лабораторными и инструментальными параметрами у пациентов с коронарной болезнью сердца (КБС) и сердечной недостаточностью со сниженной фракцией выброса (СНнФВ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование были включены 64 пациента (71,9% мужчин) с КБС, 33 (87,9% мужчин) с СНнФВ и 38 (63,2% мужчин) с различными сердечно-сосудистыми факторами риска (контрольная группа). Состав КМ оценивали с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени и секвенирования нового поколения. Для выявления корреляций между составом КМ и клиническими, лабораторными и инструментальными параметрами вычисляли ранговый коэффициент корреляции Спирмена (ρ). Для сопоставления групп по филотипам использовали обобщенные линейные модели (Квази-Пуассон, сверхдисперсия) с ковариатами (возраст, индекс массы тела).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Относительное содержание филотипов Bacillota существенно выше у пациентов с КБС и СНнФВ по сравнению с контролем (p&lt;0,001). Показатель дисбиоза Bacillota/Bacteroidota также был существенно выше у пациентов с КБС и СНнФВ, чем в контрольной группе (p&lt;0,001). По данным корреляционного анализа, относительная представленность метан-продуцирующих семейств архей Methanomassiliicoccaceae, Methanomethylophilaceae (ρ=0,49, p&lt;0,0003) прямо коррелировала с желудочковыми нарушениями ритма у пациентов со СНнФВ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Пациенты с КБС и СНнФВ значительно отличаются от лиц контрольной группы по составу КМ на уровне филотипов. В исследуемых группах показатель дисбиоза (Bacillota/ Bacteroidota) также был существенно выше по сравнению лицами контрольной группы. Относительная представленность семейств архей Methanomassiliicoccaceae, Methanomethylophilaceae ассоциирована с эпизодами желудочковой тахикардии/фибрилляции желудочков.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the relationship of gut microbiota (GM) composition with clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 64 patients (men, 71,9%) with CAD, 33 (men, 87,9%) with HFrEF and 38 (men, 63,2%) with various cardiovascular risk factors (control group). GM composition was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and next- generation sequencing. To identify correlations of GM composition with clinical and paraclinical characteristics, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) was calculated. Generalized linear models (QuasiPoisson, overdispersion) with covariates (age, body mass index) were used to compare groups by phylotype.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The relative abundance of Bacillota phylotypes is significantly higher in patients with CAD and HFrEF compared to controls (p&lt;0,001). The Bacillota/Bacteroidota dysbiosis ratio was also significantly higher in patients with CAD and HFrEF than in the control group (p&lt;0,001). According to correlation analysis, the relative representation of methanogenic archaea Methanomassiliicoccaceae, Methanomethylophilaceae (ρ=0,49, p&lt;0,0003) directly correlated with ventricular arrhythmias in patients with HFrEF.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Patients with CAD and HFrEF differ significantly from the control group in GM composition at the phylotype level. In the study groups, Bacillota/Bacteroidota dysbiosis ratio was also significantly higher than in the control group. The relative abundance of the archaea Methanomassiliicoccaceae and Methanomethylophilaceae is associated with episodes of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>кишечная микробиота</kwd><kwd>коронарная болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция в режиме реального времени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart failure</kwd><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>coronary artery disease</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>real-time polymerase chain reaction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа была проведена в рамках договора между ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России и ФГБУ "Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью" Федерального медико-биологического агентства</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the agreement between the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine and the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oren A, Garrity GM. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2021;71(10): 005056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oren A, Garrity GM. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2021;71(10): 005056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ситкин С. И., Вахитов Т. Я., Демьянова Е. В. Микробиом, дисбиоз толстой кишки и воспалительные заболевания кишечника: когда функция важнее таксономии. Альманах клинической медицины. 2018;46(5):396-425. doi:10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-5396-425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sitkin SI, Vakhitov TY, Demyanova EV. Microbiome, gut dysbiosis and inflammatory bowel disease: That moment when the function is more important than taxonomy. Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2018;46(5):396-425. (In Russ.) doi:10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-5396-425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фадеева М. В., Кудрявцева А. В., Краснов Г. С. и др. Кишечная микробиота у больных хронической сердечной недостаточностью с систолической дисфункцией. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2020;30(2):35-44. doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-2-35-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fadeeva MV, Kudryavtseva AV, Krasnov GS, et al. Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Systolic Dysfunction. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2020;30(2):35-44. (In Russ.) doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-2-35-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов А. А., Саликова С. П., Головкин Н. В. и др. Микробно-тканевой комплекс кишечника и хроническая сердечная недостаточность (часть 1): патогенез. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2021;17(3):462-9. doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2021-06-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov AA, Salikova SP, Golovkin NV, et al. Intestinal Microbialtissue Complex and Chronic Heart Failure (part 1): Pathogenesis. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2021;17(3):462-9. (In Russ.) doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2021-06-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В. Т., Медведев О. С., Полуэктова Е. А. и др. Прямые и косвенные методы изучения микробиоты человека. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2022;32(2):19-34. doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-2-19-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin VT, Medvedev OS, Poluektova EA, et al. Direct and Indirect Methods for Studying Human Gut Microbiota. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2022;32(2):19-34. (In Russ.) doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-2-19-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drapkina OM, Ashniev GA, Zlobovskaya OA, et al. Diversities in the Gut Microbial Patterns in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases and Certain Heart Failure Phenotypes. Biomedicines. 2022;10(11):2762. doi:10.3390/biomedicines10112762.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina OM, Ashniev GA, Zlobovskaya OA, et al. Diversities in the Gut Microbial Patterns in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases and Certain Heart Failure Phenotypes. Biomedicines. 2022;10(11):2762. doi:10.3390/biomedicines10112762.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О. М., Жамалов Л. М. Микробиота кишечника — новый фактор риска атеросклероза? Профилактическая медицина. 2022;25(11):92-7. doi:10.17116/profmed20222511192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina OM, Zhamalov LM. Gut microbiota: a new risk factor for atherosclerosis? Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2022;25(11): 92-7. (In Russ.) doi:10.17116/profmed20222511192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларюшина И. Э. Основные механизмы "чувства кворума" и их реализация в мультимикробном сообщества (обзор). Животноводство и кормопроизводство. 2020;103(4):160-73. doi:10.33284/2658-3135-1034-160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laryushina IE. The main mechanisms of "quorum sense" and their implementation in the multimicrobial community (review). Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production. 2020;103 (4):160-73. (In Russ.) doi:10.33284/2658-3135-1034-160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choroszy M, Litwinowicz K, Bednarz R, et al. Human Gut Microbiota in Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metabolites. 2022;12(12):1165. doi:10.3390/metabo12121165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choroszy M, Litwinowicz K, Bednarz R, et al. Human Gut Microbiota in Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metabolites. 2022;12(12):1165. doi:10.3390/metabo12121165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jie Z, Zhu Q, Zou Y, et al. A consortium of three-bacteria isolated from human feces inhibits formation of atherosclerotic deposits and lowers lipid levels in a mouse model. iScience. 2023;26(6):106960. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106960.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jie Z, Zhu Q, Zou Y, et al. A consortium of three-bacteria isolated from human feces inhibits formation of atherosclerotic deposits and lowers lipid levels in a mouse model. iScience. 2023;26(6):106960. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106960.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X, Gérard P. Diet-gut microbiota interactions on cardiovascular disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2022;20: 1528-40. doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X, Gérard P. Diet-gut microbiota interactions on cardiovascular disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2022;20: 1528-40. doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хазова Е. В., Сафина Д. Д. Состояние кишечной микробиоты у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Медицинский вестник Северного Кавказа. 2023;18(1):104-10. doi:10.14300/mnnc.2023.18024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khazova EV, Safina DD. State of the gut microbiota in patients with chronic heart failure. Medical News of North Caucasus. 2023;18(1):104-10. (In Russ.) doi:10.14300/mnnc.2023.18024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанов М. С., Карпунина Н. С., Хлынова О. В. и др. Влияние кишечной микробиоты на патогенез кардиоваскулярных заболеваний. Пермский медицинский журнал. 2023;40(1):94-107. doi:10.17816/pmj40194-107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov MS, Karpunina NS, Khlynova OV, et al. Influence of intestinal microbiota on pathogenesis of cardiovacular diseases. Perm Medical Journal. 2023;40(1):94-107. (In Russ.) doi:10.17816/pmj40194-107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Challa AA, Lewandowski ED. Short-Chain Carbon Sources: Exploiting Pleiotropic Effects for Heart Failure Therapy. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2022;7(7):730-42. doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.12.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Challa AA, Lewandowski ED. Short-Chain Carbon Sources: Exploiting Pleiotropic Effects for Heart Failure Therapy. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2022;7(7):730-42. doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.12.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О. М., Широбоких О. Е. Роль кишечной микробиоты в патогенезе сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и метаболического синдрома. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2018;14(4):567-74. doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-4-567-574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina OM, Shirobokikh OE. Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2018;14(4):567-74. (In Russ.) doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2018-14-4-567-574.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьева И. Н. Атеросклероз и триметиламин-N-оксид — потенциал кишечной микробиоты. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2022;27(9):5038. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigorieva IN. Atherosclerosis and trimethylamine-N-oxide — the gut microbiota potential. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2022;27(9):5038. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai YY, Huang FQ, Lao X, et al. Integrated metagenomics identifies a crucial role for trimethylamine-producing Lachnoclostridium in promoting atherosclerosis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2022;8(1):11. doi:10.1038/s41522-022-00273-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai YY, Huang FQ, Lao X, et al. Integrated metagenomics identifies a crucial role for trimethylamine-producing Lachnoclostridium in promoting atherosclerosis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2022;8(1):11. doi:10.1038/s41522-022-00273-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romano KA, Vivas EI, Amador-Noguez D, et al. Intestinal microbiota composition modulates choline bioavailability from diet and accumulation of the proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide. mBio. 2015;6(2):e02481. doi:10.1128/mBio.02481-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romano KA, Vivas EI, Amador-Noguez D, et al. Intestinal microbiota composition modulates choline bioavailability from diet and accumulation of the proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide. mBio. 2015;6(2):e02481. doi:10.1128/mBio.02481-14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiu L, Yang D, Tao X, et al. Enterobacter aerogenes ZDY01 attenuates choline-induced trimethylamine N-oxide levels by remodeling gut microbiota in mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017;27: 1491-9. doi:10.4014/jmb.1703.03039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qiu L, Yang D, Tao X, et al. Enterobacter aerogenes ZDY01 attenuates choline-induced trimethylamine N-oxide levels by remodeling gut microbiota in mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017;27: 1491-9. doi:10.4014/jmb.1703.03039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Q, Lin SL, Kwok MK, et al. The Roles of 27 Genera of Human Gut Microbiota in Ischemic Heart Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Their Risk Factors: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(9):1916-22. doi:10.1093/aje/kwy096.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Q, Lin SL, Kwok MK, et al. The Roles of 27 Genera of Human Gut Microbiota in Ischemic Heart Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Their Risk Factors: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(9):1916-22. doi:10.1093/aje/kwy096.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen L, He FJ, Dong Y, et al. Modest Sodium Reduction Increases Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Untreated Hypertensives: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Hypertension. 2020;76(1):73-9. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen L, He FJ, Dong Y, et al. Modest Sodium Reduction Increases Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Untreated Hypertensives: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Hypertension. 2020;76(1):73-9. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14800.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong HJ, Zeng HL, Cai YL, et al. Washed Microbiota Transplantation Lowers Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:679624. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.679624.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong HJ, Zeng HL, Cai YL, et al. Washed Microbiota Transplantation Lowers Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:679624. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.679624.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maifeld A, Bartolomaeus H, Löber U, et al. Fasting alters the gut microbiome reducing blood pressure and body weight in metabolic syndrome patients. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):1970. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22097-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maifeld A, Bartolomaeus H, Löber U, et al. Fasting alters the gut microbiome reducing blood pressure and body weight in metabolic syndrome patients. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):1970. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22097-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmu J, Salosensaari A, Havulinna AS, et al. Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Blood Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 Individuals. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(15):e016641. doi:10.1161/JAHA.120.016641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmu J, Salosensaari A, Havulinna AS, et al. Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Blood Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 Individuals. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(15):e016641. doi:10.1161/JAHA.120.016641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verhaar BJH, Collard D, Prodan A, et al. Associations between gut microbiota, faecal short-chain fatty acids, and blood pressure across ethnic groups: The HELIUS study. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:4259-67. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verhaar BJH, Collard D, Prodan A, et al. Associations between gut microbiota, faecal short-chain fatty acids, and blood pressure across ethnic groups: The HELIUS study. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:4259-67. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frolova MS, Suvorova IA, Iablokov SN, et al. Genomic reconstruction of short-chain fatty acid production by the human gut microbiota. Front Mol Biosci. 2022;9:949563. doi:10.3389/fmolb.2022.949563.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frolova MS, Suvorova IA, Iablokov SN, et al. Genomic reconstruction of short-chain fatty acid production by the human gut microbiota. Front Mol Biosci. 2022;9:949563. doi:10.3389/fmolb.2022.949563.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тлюстангелова Р. К., Долинный С. В., Пшеничная Н. Ю. Роль короткоцепочечных жирных кислот в патогенезе острых кишечных инфекций и постинфекционных синдромов. РМЖ. 2019;27(10):31-35. EDN HECFJC.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tlyustangelova RK, Dolinnyy SV, Pshenichnaya NYu. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of acute intestinal infections and post-infectious syndromes. RMJ. 2019;27(10): 31-5. (In Russ.) EDN HECFJC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poll BG, Xu J, Jun S, et al. Acetate, a Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Acutely Lowers Heart Rate and Cardiac Contractility Along with Blood Pressure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2021;377(1):39-50. doi:10.1124/jpet.120.000187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poll BG, Xu J, Jun S, et al. Acetate, a Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Acutely Lowers Heart Rate and Cardiac Contractility Along with Blood Pressure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2021;377(1):39-50. doi:10.1124/jpet.120.000187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoegenauer C, Hammer HF, Mahnert A, et al. Methanogenic archaea in the human gastrointestinal tract. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;19(12):805-13. doi:10.1038/s41575-02200673-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoegenauer C, Hammer HF, Mahnert A, et al. Methanogenic archaea in the human gastrointestinal tract. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;19(12):805-13. doi:10.1038/s41575-02200673-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фадеева М. В., Схиртладзе М. Р., Ивашкин В. Т. Синдром избыточного бактериального роста в тонкой кишке как фактор риска развития желудочковой тахикардии при хронической сердечной недостаточности с систолической дисфункцией левого желудочка. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2019;29(3):38-48. doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2019-29-3-38-48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fadeeva MV, Skhirtladze MR, Ivashkin VT. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Ventricular Tachycardia in Chronic Heart Failure with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2019;29(3):38-48. (In Russ.) doi:10.22416/1382-4376-2019-29-3-38-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anachad O, Taouil A, Taha W, et al. The Implication of ShortChain Fatty Acids in Obesity and Diabetes. Microbiol Insights. 2023;16:11786361231162720. doi:10.1177/11786361231162720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anachad O, Taouil A, Taha W, et al. The Implication of ShortChain Fatty Acids in Obesity and Diabetes. Microbiol Insights. 2023;16:11786361231162720. doi:10.1177/11786361231162720.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
