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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3846</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">HCJJCY</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-3846</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И РЕГИСТРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGISTERS AND STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические аспекты низких значений холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic aspects of decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-6233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., руководитель Института персонализированной терапии и профилактики.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">meshkov@lipidclinic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-0760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., руководитель лаборатории клиномики, зам. директора по фундаментальной науке.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alersh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4765-8021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., в.н.с., руководитель лаборатории молекулярной генетики Института персонализированной терапии и профилактики.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sanyutabe@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5375-7328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлина</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailina</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. отдела персонализированной диагностики, терапии и профилактики атеросклеротических сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний Института персонализированной терапии и профилактики.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spandex2007@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8493-4761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметнев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetnev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь лаборатории молекулярной генетики Института персонализированной терапии и профилактики.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stefancom@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-146X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сопленкова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soplenkova</surname><given-names>А. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант лаборатории биостатистики отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.mail10@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-3122</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куценко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutsenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>с.н.с. лаборатории биостатистики отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний; аспирант кафедра теории вероятностей отделения математики механико-математический факультета.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlakutsenko@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8395-4146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сотникова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sotnikova</surname><given-names>Е. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>с.н.с. лаборатории молекулярной генетики Института персонализированной терапии и профилактики.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sotnikova.evgeniya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-8796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вяткин</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyatkin</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>с.н.с. лаборатории геномной и медицинской биоинформатики Института персонализированной терапии и профилактики, программист Института перспективных исследований проблем искусственного интеллекта и интеллектуальных систем.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vyatkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0723-0493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарикова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharikova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., в.н.с. лаборатории молекулярной генетики Института персонализированной терапии и профилактики, старший преподаватель факультета биоинженерии и биоинформатики факультета биоинженерии и биоинформатики.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azharikova89@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-9811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайченока</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaichenoka</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант.</p><p>Московская область, Долгопрудный</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region, Dolgoprudny</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marija.zaicenoka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-9509</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раменский</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramensky</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.м.н., в.н.с., руководитель лаборатории геномной и медицинской биоинформатики Института персонализированной терапии и профилактики, доцент Института перспективных исследований проблем искусственного интеллекта и интеллектуальных систем, в.н.с. факультета биоинженерии и биоинформатики.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ramensky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-0279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скирко</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skirko</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с. лаборатории молекулярной генетики Института персонализированной терапии и профилактики.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ops_70@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6985-7131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покровская</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokrovskaya</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., в.н.с., руководитель лаборатории "Банк биологического материала" Института персонализированной терапии и профилактики.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mpokrovskaia@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-2681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литинская</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litinskaya</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. клинико-диагностической лаборатории, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики высшей категории.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Olitinskaya@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2087-6483</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шальнова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalnova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, руководитель отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">SShalnova@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drapkina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО "Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова"</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО "Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)"</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>3846</fpage><lpage>3846</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мешков А.Н., Ершова А.И., Киселева А.В., Михайлина В.И., Сметнев С.А., Сопленкова А.Г., Куценко В.А., Сотникова Е.А., Вяткин Ю.В., Жарикова А.А., Зайченока М., Раменский В.Е., Скирко О.П., Покровская М.С., Литинская О.А., Шальнова С.А., Драпкина О.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мешков А.Н., Ершова А.И., Киселева А.В., Михайлина В.И., Сметнев С.А., Сопленкова А.Г., Куценко В.А., Сотникова Е.А., Вяткин Ю.В., Жарикова А.А., Зайченока М., Раменский В.Е., Скирко О.П., Покровская М.С., Литинская О.А., Шальнова С.А., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meshkov A.N., Ershova A.I., Kiseleva A.V., Mikhailina V.I., Smetnev S.A., Soplenkova А.G., Kutsenko V.A., Sotnikova Е.A., Vyatkin Y.V., Zharikova A.A., Zaichenoka M., Ramensky V.E., Skirko O.P., Pokrovskaya M.S., Litinskaya O.A., Shalnova S.A., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3846">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3846</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение генетических причин низких значений холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности (ХС ЛНП) у российских пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование были включены участники ЭССЕ-РФ (Эпидемиология сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в регионах Российской Федерации): лица с уровнем ХС ЛНП &lt;5-го перцентиля с учетом пола и возраста (n=52), у которых проводилось таргетное секвенирование белок-кодирующих участков 6 генов (APOB, PCSK9, MTTP, ANGPTL3, SAR1B, APOC3) и определение значения шкалы генетического риска (ШГР) гиперхолестеринемии; а также репрезентативная выборка населения Ивановской области (ЭССЕ-Иваново, n=1667), для которой определялись только значения ШГР. Генетическое тестирование было проведено с помощью секвенирования следующего поколения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У 10 (19,2%) из 52 участников с низким уровнем ХС ЛНП выявлены редкие варианты, потенциально связанные с гипохолестеринемией: 8 — приводящие к появлению преждевременных стоп-кодонов в гене АРОВ, 1 — приводящий к преждевременному стоп-кодону в гене АРОС3 и 1 миссенс вариант в гене PCSK9. Из 10 выявленных вариантов 6 описаны нами впервые. Значение ШГР в группе лиц с низким уровнем ХС ЛНП (0,27±0,25) было достоверно ниже, чем в популяционной выборке ЭССЕ-Иваново (0,43±0,27) (p=4,7×10-06).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Генетические причины объясняют наличие низкого уровня ХС ЛНП (&lt;5-го перцентиля) у 32,7% пациентов, из них у 13,5% выявлены только моногенные варианты, у 5,7% наблюдается сочетание моногенной и полигенной гипохолестеринемии и у 13,5% имеется только полигенная гипохолестеринемия.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study genetic causes of decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in Russian patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included the following Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) participants: individuals with LDL-C&lt;5th percentile, taking into account sex and age (n=52), who underwent targeted sequencing of protein-coding regions of 6 genes (APOB, PCSK9, MTTP, ANGPTL3, SAR1B, APOC3) and determination of the genetic risk score (GRS) for hypercholesterolemia; and a representative sample of the Ivanovo region population (ESSEIvanovo, n=1667), for which only GRS was determined. Genetic testing was performed using next generation sequencing.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In 10 (19,2%) of 52 participants with decreased LDL-C levels, the following rare variants potentially associated with hypocholesterolemia were identified: 8 — leading to a premature termination codon in the APOB gene, 1 — leading to a premature termination codon in the APOC3 gene and 1 missense variant in the PCSK9 gene. Of the 10 identified variants, 6 are described by us for the first time. GRS in the LDL-C group (0,27±0,25) was significantly lower than in the ESSE-Ivanovo population sample (0,43±0,27) (p=4,7×10-06).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Genetic reasons explain decreased LDL-C levels (&lt;5th percentile) in 32,7% of patients, of which only monogenic variants were identified in 13,5%, a combination of monogenic and polygenic hypocholesterolemia — in 5,7%, and polygenic hypocholesterolemia — in 13,5%.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>АРОВ</kwd><kwd>АРОС3</kwd><kwd>PCSK9</kwd><kwd>гипохолестеринемия</kwd><kwd>холестерин липопротеинов низкой плотности</kwd><kwd>шкала генетического риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>APOB</kwd><kwd>APOC3</kwd><kwd>PCSK9</kwd><kwd>hypocholesterolemia</kwd><kwd>low-density lipoprotein cholesterol</kwd><kwd>genetic risk score</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hegele RA, Borén J, Ginsberg HN, et al. 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