<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2024-3914</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CVVXIR</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-3914</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>САХАРНЫЙ ДИАБЕТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIABETES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биомаркеры и субклиническая дисфункция миокарда левого желудочка у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа без клинических проявлений сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biomarkers and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes without clinical manifestations of cardiovascular diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9210-416X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Утина</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Utina</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Утина Татьяна Геннадьевна — врач-кардиолог отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rederle@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-7062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акашева</surname><given-names>Д. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akasheva</surname><given-names>D. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акашева Дарига Уайдинична — кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dariga-akasheva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-6139</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсунский</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsunsky</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корсунский Дмитрий Викторович — младший научный сотрудник отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kors.dimitry@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5384-3795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джиоева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhioeva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джиоева Ольга Николаевна — доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель лаборатории кардиовизуализации, вегетативной регуляции и сомнологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ODzhioeva@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Драпкина Оксана Михайловна — доктор медицинских наук, академик РАН, директор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drapkina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>3914</fpage><lpage>3914</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Утина Т.Г., Акашева Д.У., Корсунский Д.В., Джиоева О.Н., Драпкина О.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Утина Т.Г., Акашева Д.У., Корсунский Д.В., Джиоева О.Н., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Utina T.G., Akasheva D.U., Korsunsky D.V., Dzhioeva O.N., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3914">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3914</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить взаимосвязь между структурно-функциональными показателями миокарда левого желудочка (ЛЖ) и уровнями N-концевого промозгового натрийуретического пептида (NT-proBNP) и маркеров воспаления у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2) без клинических проявлений сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, а также оценить возможность их использования для ранней диагностики субклинической дисфункции ЛЖ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проанализированы данные 120 пациентов обоих полов в возрасте 45-75 лет (57,11±7,9 лет). Они были разделены на три группы: 1-я — с СД2 (n=47), 2-я — с предиабетом (n=20), 3-я — контроль (n=53). Всем участникам была выполнена трансторакальная эхокардиография (ЭхоКГ) с оценкой линейных и объемных размеров сердца, систолической и диастолической функции ЛЖ. Проведен анализ спекл-трекинговой ЭхоКГ с расчетом глобальной продольной деформации (ГПД) миокарда ЛЖ. Определены в крови уровни NT-proBNP и маркеров воспаления — С-реактивный белок, определенный высокочувствительным методом (вчСРБ), фибриногена, интерлейкина-6.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По данным ЭхоКГ у пациентов с нарушениями углеводного обмена выявлены достоверно большие значения индекса массы миокарда ЛЖ, толщины задней стенки ЛЖ, относительной толщины стенки в сравнении с группой контроля. Параметры трансмитрального потока, а также тканевой допплерографии в группах СД2 и предиабета достоверно отличались от таковых в контрольной группе. ГПД в группах пациентов с нарушениями углеводного обмена была ниже, чем в контрольной группе (р=0,001). Уровень NT-proBNP был статистически значимо выше в группах СД2 и предиабета в сравнении с контролем, при этом во всех трех группах не превышал нормальных значений (p&lt;0,001). Более высокий уровень NT-proBNP ассоциировался с наличием артериальной гипертонии — отношение шансов (ОШ) 3,64 [1,0213,04] (p=0,005), снижением фракции выброса ЛЖ — ОШ 1,25 [1,06-1,47] (p=0,007), концентрической гипертрофией — ОШ 4,84 [1,43-16,41] (p=0,011) и снижением ГПД — ОШ 1,85 [1,62-2,06] (p=0,005), увеличением отношения скоростей трансмитрального потока в раннюю и позднюю диастолу (Е/А) — ОШ 0,01 [0,0080,416] (p=0,024) и времени изоволюмического расслабления (IVRT) — ОШ 1,08 [1,03-1,14] (p=0,03). Чувствительность и специфичность определения NT-proBNP в качестве теста для прогноза снижения ГПД &lt;-18% была 86 и 27%, соответственно. Уровень вчСРБ, в пределах референсных значений, был статистически значимо выше в группах СД2 и предиабета в сравнении с контрольной группой (p&lt;0,001) и продемонстрировал наличие прямой линейной связи с временными и скоростными параметрами — Е/А, IVRT, временем замедления раннедиастолического потока (p&lt;0,05). Более высокий уровень вчСРБ достоверно ассоциировался с наличием диастолической дисфункции — ОШ 1,16 [1,02-1,32] (р=0,023), а также со снижением ГПД &lt;-18% — ОШ 1,58 [1,12-4,65] (р=0,03).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациентов с СД2 без клинических проявлений сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний наличие концентрической гипертрофии миокарда ЛЖ, диастолической дисфункции ЛЖ и снижения ГПД (&lt;-18%) ассоциировано с более высоким уровнем в крови биомаркеров NT-proBNP и вчСРБ. Однако во всех случаях уровни биомаркеров не выходят за пределы референсных значений, что не позволяет использовать их в ранней диагностике субклинической дисфункции ЛЖ при СД2.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the relationship between the structural and functional left ventricular (LV) parameters and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) without clinical manifestations of cardiovascular diseases, as well as to evaluate the possibility of their use for early diagnosis of subclinical LV dysfunction.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Data from 120 patients of both sexes aged 45-75 years (57,11±7,9 years) were analyzed. They were divided into three following groups: 1st — with T2D (n=47), 2nd — with prediabetes (n=20), 3rd — control (n=53). All participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography with assessment of the linear and volumetric heart dimensions, systolic and diastolic LV function. Speckle tracking echocardiography was analyzed with calculation of LV global longitudinal strain (GLS). The blood levels of NT-proBNP and inflammatory markers were determined (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, interleukin-6).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to echocardiography, patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders revealed significantly higher LV mass values, LV posterior wall thickness, and relative wall thickness in comparison with the control group. Transmitral flow parameters, as well as tissue Doppler sonography, in the T2D and prediabetes groups were significantly different from those in the control group. GLS in the groups of patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders was lower than in the control group (p=0,001). The level of NT-proBNP was significantly higher in the T2D and prediabetes groups compared to the control group, while in all three groups it did not exceed normal values (p&lt;0,001). A higher level of NT-proBNP was associated with hypertension — odds ratio (OR) 3,64 [1,02-13,04] (p=0,005), a decrease in LV ejection fraction — OR 1,25 [1,06-1 ,47] (p=0,007), concentric hypertrophy — OR 4,84 [1,43-16,41] (p=0,011) and decreased GLS — OR 1,85 [1,62-2,06] (p=0,005), an increase in the ratio of early and late diastolic transmitral flow (E/A) — OR 0,01 [0,008-0,416] (p=0,024) and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) — OR 1,08 [1,03-1,14] (p=0,03). The sensitivity and specificity of NT-proBNP as a test for predicting GLS reduction &lt;-18% were 86 and 27%, respectively. The hsCRP level, within the reference values, was significantly higher in the T2D and prediabetes groups compared to the control group (p&lt;0,001) and demonstrated a direct linear relationship with E/A, IVRT, early diastolic deceleration time (p&lt;0,05). A higher level of hsCRP was significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction — OR 1,16 [1,02-1,32] (p=0,023), as well as with a GLS decrease &lt;-18% — OR 1,58 [1,12-4,65] (p=0,03).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In patients with T2D without clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease, the presence of concentric LV myocardial hypertrophy, LV diastolic dysfunction and decreased GLS (&lt;-18%) is associated with higher blood levels of NT-proBNP and hsCRP. However, in all cases, the levels of biomarkers do not exceed the reference values, which does not allow their use in the early diagnosis of subclinical LV dysfunction in T2D.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>субклиническая дисфункция левого желудочка</kwd><kwd>глобальная продольная деформация</kwd><kwd>NT-proBNP</kwd><kwd>высокочувствительный С-реактивный белок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 2 diabetes</kwd><kwd>heart failure</kwd><kwd>subclinical left ventricular dysfunction</kwd><kwd>global longitudinal strain</kwd><kwd>NT-proBNP</kwd><kwd>high-sensitivity C-reactive protein</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pop-Busui R, Januzzi JL, Bruemmer D, et al. Heart Failure: An Underappreciated Complication of Diabetes. A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2022;45:1670-90. doi:10.2337/dci22-0014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pop-Busui R, Januzzi JL, Bruemmer D, et al. Heart Failure: An Underappreciated Complication of Diabetes. A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2022;45:1670-90. doi:10.2337/dci22-0014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee SH, Park J-H with Diabetes Mellitus. The Role of Echocardiography in Evaluating Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients. Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47:470-83. doi:10.4093/dmj.2023.0036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee SH, Park J-H with Diabetes Mellitus. The Role of Echocardiography in Evaluating Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients. Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47:470-83. doi:10.4093/dmj.2023.0036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Утина Т.Г., Акашева Д.У., Корсунский Д. В., Драпкина О. М. Значение стандартной и спекл-трекинговой эхокардиографии для ранней диагностики бессимптомной дисфункции миокарда левого желудочка при сахарном диабете 2 типа. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2023;22(1):3478. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3478.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Utina TG, Akasheva DU, Korsunsky DV, Drapkina OM. Significance of standard and speckle-tracking echocardiography for early diagnosis of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2023;22(1):3478. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3478.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хроническая сердечная недостаточность. Клинические рекомендации 2020. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(11):4083. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Chronic heart failure. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2020;25(11):4083. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Segar MW, Khan MS, Patel KV, et al. Prevalence and Prognostic Implications of Diabetes With Cardiomyopathy in CommunityDwelling Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78:1587-98. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Segar MW, Khan MS, Patel KV, et al. Prevalence and Prognostic Implications of Diabetes With Cardiomyopathy in CommunityDwelling Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78:1587-98. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bozkurt B, Coats AJ, Tsutsui H, et al. Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure. J Card Fail. 2021;27(4):387-413. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.01.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bozkurt B, Coats AJ, Tsutsui H, et al. Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure. J Card Fail. 2021;27(4):387-413. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.01.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marwick TH, Ritchie R, Shaw JE, Kaye D. Implications of Underlying Mechanisms for the Recognition and Management of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:339. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marwick TH, Ritchie R, Shaw JE, Kaye D. Implications of Underlying Mechanisms for the Recognition and Management of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:339. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubler S, Dlugash J, Yuceoglu YZ, et al. New type of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 1972;30(6):595-602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubler S, Dlugash J, Yuceoglu YZ, et al. New type of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 1972;30(6):595-602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цветков В. А., Крутиков Е. С., Чистякова С. И. Субклиническая дисфункция левого желудочка у больных сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Проблемы</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsvetkov VA, Krutikov ES, Chistyakova SI. Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Problems of Endocrinology. 2020;66(1):56-63. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kishi S, Gidding SS, Reis JP, et al. Association of insulin resistance and glycemic metabolic abnormalities with LV structure and function in middle age: the CARDIA study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10:105-14. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.02.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kishi S, Gidding SS, Reis JP, et al. Association of insulin resistance and glycemic metabolic abnormalities with LV structure and function in middle age: the CARDIA study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10:105-14. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.02.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouthoorn S, Valstar GB, Gohar A, et al. The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in men and women with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2018;15:477-93. doi:10.1177/1479164118787415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouthoorn S, Valstar GB, Gohar A, et al. The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in men and women with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2018;15:477-93. doi:10.1177/1479164118787415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никифоров В. С., Никищенкова И. В. Современные возможности speckle tracking эхокардиографии в клинической практике. Рациональная фармакология в кардиологии 2017;13(2):248-55. doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2017-13-2-248-255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikiforov VS, Nikishchenkova IV. Modern Possibilities of Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Clinical Practice. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 2017;13(2):248-55. (In Russ.) doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2017-13-2-248-255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva TRW, Silva RL, Martins AF, Marques JLB. Role of Strain in the Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc. 2022;35(2):eabc293. doi:10.47593/2675-312X/20223502eabc293.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva TRW, Silva RL, Martins AF, Marques JLB. Role of Strain in the Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Arq Bras Cardiol: Imagem Cardiovasc. 2022;35(2):eabc293. doi:10.47593/2675-312X/20223502eabc293.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marwick TH, Shah SJ, Thomas JD. Myocardial Strain in the Assessment of Patients With Heart Failure. JAMA Cardiol. 2019;4(3):287-94. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.0052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marwick TH, Shah SJ, Thomas JD. Myocardial Strain in the Assessment of Patients With Heart Failure. JAMA Cardiol. 2019;4(3):287-94. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.0052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu G, Pilbrow AP, Liew OW, et al. Circulating cardiac biomarkers improve risk stratification for incident cardiovascular disease in community dwelling populations. Lancet. 2022. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu G, Pilbrow AP, Liew OW, et al. Circulating cardiac biomarkers improve risk stratification for incident cardiovascular disease in community dwelling populations. Lancet. 2022. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крутиков Е. С., Цветков В. А., Чистякова С. И., Акаев Р. О. Клиническое значение определения натрийуретических пептидов при диастолической дисфункции левого желудочка у больных с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Южно-Российский журнал терапевтической практики. 2021;2(3):56-61. doi:10.21886/2712-8156-2021-2-3-56-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krutikov ES, Tsvetkov VA, Chistyakova SI, Akaev RO. Clinical significance of the determination of natriuretic peptides in diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice. 2021;2(3):56-61. (In Russ.) doi:10.21886/2712-8156-2021-2-3-56-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Василькова О. Н., Мохорт Т. В., Коротаева Л. Е. и др. Ранние и альтернативные маркеры развития хронической сердечной недостаточности у пациентов с сахарным диабетом. Неотложная кардиология и кардиоваскулярные риски. 2021;5(1):1122-7. doi:10.51922/2616-633X.2021.5.2.1122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilkova ON, Mokhort TV, Korotaeva LE. Early and alternative markers of chronic heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus. Neotlozhnaya kardiologiya i kardiovaskulyarnye riski. Emergency cardiology and cardiovascular risks. 2021;5(1):1122-7. (In Russ.) doi:10.51922/2616-633X.2021.5.2.1122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шальнова С. А., Куценко В. А., Якушин С. С. Ассоциации повышенного уровня мозгового натрийуретического пептида и хронической сердечной недостаточности и их вклад в выживаемость в российской популяции среднего возраста. По данным исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2023;22(6):3553. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3553.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalnova SA, Kutsenko VA, Yakushin SS, et al. Associations of elevated levels of brain natriuretic peptide and heart failure and their contribution to survival in the Russian middle-aged population: data from the ESSE-RF study. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2023;22(6):3553. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3553.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pandey A, Vaduganathan M, Patel KV, et al. Biomarker-based risk prediction of incident heart failure in pre-diabetes and diabetes. JACC Heart Fail. 2021;9:215-23. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2020.10.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pandey A, Vaduganathan M, Patel KV, et al. Biomarker-based risk prediction of incident heart failure in pre-diabetes and diabetes. JACC Heart Fail. 2021;9:215-23. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2020.10.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pan A, Wang Y, Yuan J-M, Koh W-P. High-sensitive C-reactive protein and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: A case-control study nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2017;17:1-8. doi:10.1186/s12902-017-0159-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan A, Wang Y, Yuan J-M, Koh W-P. High-sensitive C-reactive protein and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: A case-control study nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2017;17:1-8. doi:10.1186/s12902-017-0159-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noordam R, Oudt C, Bos M, et al. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, low-grade systemic inflammation and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;28:795-802. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2018.03.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noordam R, Oudt C, Bos M, et al. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, low-grade systemic inflammation and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;28:795-802. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2018.03.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aryan Z, Ghajar A, Faghihi-Kashani S, et al. Baseline High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Predicts Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study. Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;72:287-95. doi:10.1159/000488537.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aryan Z, Ghajar A, Faghihi-Kashani S, et al. Baseline High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Predicts Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study. Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;72:287-95. doi:10.1159/000488537.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubrock HM, AbouEzzeddine OF, Redfield MM. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0201836. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201836.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubrock HM, AbouEzzeddine OF, Redfield MM. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0201836. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201836.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meijers WC, Hoekstra T, Jaarsma T, et al. Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and low levels of natriuretic peptides. Neth Heart J. 2016;24:287-95. doi:10.1007/s12471-016-0816-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meijers WC, Hoekstra T, Jaarsma T, et al. Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and low levels of natriuretic peptides. Neth Heart J. 2016;24:287-95. doi:10.1007/s12471-016-0816-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verbrugge FH, Omote K, Reddy J, et al. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with normal natriuretic peptide levels is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:ehab911. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab911.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verbrugge FH, Omote K, Reddy J, et al. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with normal natriuretic peptide levels is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:ehab911. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab911.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah SJ. BNP: Biomarker Not Perfect in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:1952. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah SJ. BNP: Biomarker Not Perfect in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:1952. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac121.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halabi A, Potter E, Yang H, et al. Association of biomarkers and risk scores with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2022;21:278. doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01711-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halabi A, Potter E, Yang H, et al. Association of biomarkers and risk scores with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2022;21:278. doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01711-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dal Canto E, Scheffer M, Kortekaas K, et al. Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Stages of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Biomedicines. 2023;11:867. doi:10.3390/biomedicines11030867.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dal Canto E, Scheffer M, Kortekaas K, et al. Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Stages of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Biomedicines. 2023;11:867. doi:10.3390/biomedicines11030867.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
