<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4043</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KYVWGC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-4043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимосвязь личностной тревожности и генов, ассоциированных с нарушением пищевого поведения, у женщин 45-64 лет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Relationship between personal anxiety and genes associated with eating disorders in women aged 45-64</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5701-7856</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гафаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gafarov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерий Васильевич Гафаров — д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, г.н.с., руководитель лаборатории психологических и социологических проблем терапевтических заболеваний.</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valery.gafarov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8313-3893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Алексеевна Громова — д.м.н., в.н.с. лаборатории психологических и социологических проблем терапевтических заболеваний.</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena.a.gromova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гагулин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gagulin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Вячеславович Гагулин — с.н.с. лаборатории психологических и социологических проблем терапевтических заболеваний.</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gagulin@ngs.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-4496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Николаевич Максимов — д.м.н., профессор, руководитель лаборатории молекулярно-генетических исследований.</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">medik11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-9434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гафарова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gafarova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Альмира Валерьевна Гафарова — к.м.н., с.н.с. лаборатории психологических и социологических проблем терапевтических заболеваний.</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alma77@ngs.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ терапии и профилактической медицины — филиал Федерального исследовательского центра "НИИ цитологии и генетики" Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>4043</fpage><lpage>4043</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гафаров В.В., Громова Е.А., Гагулин И.В., Максимов В.Н., Гафарова А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гафаров В.В., Громова Е.А., Гагулин И.В., Максимов В.Н., Гафарова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gafarov V.V., Gromova E.A., Gagulin I.V., Maksimov V.N., Gafarova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4043">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4043</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить возможную связь личностной тревожности с полиморфными вариантами генов, ассоциированными с нарушением пищевого поведения (rs17782313 MC4R, rs1800497 DRD2, rs9939609 FTO) у женщин 45-64 лет г. Новосибирска.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. На базе НИИТПМ — филиал ИЦиГ СО РАН обследована в 2003-2005гг в рамках проекта HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe) случайная репрезентативная выборка женщин 45-64 лет, (n=1074, средний возраст 54,27±0,2 лет). Личностную тревожность оценивали с использованием шкалы самооценки Спилбергера, включенной в протокол программы MONICA-MOPSY (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease — Optional Psy­cho­social Sybstudy, подпрограмма МОНИКА-psychosocial), апро­бированной на скринингах программы Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) MONICA (Multinational Monito­ring of Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease, Монитори­рование трендов сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и факторов их определяющих) в 1983-1995гг. Выборка по программе HAPIEE формировалась в центре обработки информации про­граммы в Праге для каждого из сотрудничающих центров таким образом, что каждый респондент был случаен. Из выборки каждая вторая женщина (n=537) была отобрана для проведения генотипирования rs9939609 гена FTO (n=384); каждая третья женщина (n=358) — для проведения генотипирования изучаемых полиморфизмов rs17782313 гена MC4R (n=279), rs1800497 DRD2 (n=327). Генотипирование проведено в лаборатории молекулярно-генетических исследований методом полимеразной цепной реакции с анализом полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среди женщин 45-64 лет была выявлена тревожность у 58,3%, причем у 15,9% женщин уровень тревожности был высоким. Гомозиготный генотип С/С rs17782313 гена MC4R преобладал среди женщин с высоким уровнем тревожности (17,5%), по сравнению с женщинами с низким и средним уровнем тревожности (1,8 и 0,8%, соответственно; p=0,001). Статистически значимых различий по частоте встречаемости генотипов rs1800497 гена DRD2 среди женщин, различающихся по уровню тревожности, не получено (p&gt;0,05). Встречаемость генотипа A/A rs9939609 гена FTO была наибольшей среди женщин с высоким уровнем тревожности — 29,5%, в сравнении с участницами с низким и средним уровнем тревожности (15 и 15,3%, соответственно; p=0,048). Вероятность тревожности среди носителей генотипов С/С+C/T гена MC4R, была выше в 1,29 раза, чем среди носителей генотипа T/T (p=0,001). Среди носителей генотипа A/A rs9939609 гена FTO шанс тревожности был выше в 2,34 раза выше, чем среди носителей генотипов A/T+T/T (p=0,008).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Ассоциация между тревожностью и генами нарушения пищевого поведения, диктует необходимость в диагностике и по­следующем лечении тревожности и связанных с ней последствий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the possible relationship between personal anxiety and polymorphic variants of genes associated with eating disorders (rs17782313 MC4R, rs1800497 DRD2, rs9939609 FTO) in women aged 45-64 in Novosibirsk.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A random representative sample of women aged 45-64 years (n=1074, mean age, 54,27±0,2 years) was examined in 2003-2005 at the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, a branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, within the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors In Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) project. Personal anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger self-assessment questionnaire included in the protocol of the Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease — Optional Psychosocial Study (MONICA-MOPSY), tested at screenings of the World Health Organization (WHO) MONICA program in 1983-1995. The sample for the HAPIEE program was formed at the program data processing center in Prague for each of the collaborating centers in such a way that each respondent was random. From the sample, every second woman (n=537) was selected for genotyping of the FTO rs9939609 variant (n=384); every third woman (n=358) — for genotyping the MC4R rs17782313 (n=279) and DRD2 rs1800497 variants (n=327). Genotyping was performed in the laboratory of molecular genetic studies by the polymerase chain reaction with the analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Among women aged 45-64, anxiety was detected in 58,3%, and in 15,9% of women the anxiety level was high. The homozygous genotype C/C rs17782313 of the MC4R gene was more common among women with high anxiety levels (17,5%) than among women with low and moderate anxiety levels (1,8 and 0,8%, respectively; p=0,001). There were no significant differences in the detection rate of the rs1800497 genotypes of the DRD2 gene among women with different levels of anxiety (p&gt;0,05). The frequency of the A/A rs9939609 genotype of the FTO gene was highest among women with high anxiety levels — 29,5%, compared to participants with low and moderate anxiety levels (15 and 15,3%, respectively; p=0,048). The probability of anxiety among carriers of the C/C+C/T genotypes of the MC4R gene was 1,29 times higher than among carriers of the T/T genotype (p=0,001). Among carriers of the A/A rs9939609 genotype of the FTO gene, the anxiety probability was 2,34 times higher than among carriers of the A/T+T/T genotypes (p=0,008).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The association between anxiety and genes of eating disorders dictates the need for diagnosis and subsequent treatment of anxiety and its associated consequences.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тревожность</kwd><kwd>расстройство пищевого поведения</kwd><kwd>rs17782313 гена MC4R</kwd><kwd>rs1800497 гена DRD2</kwd><kwd>rs9939609 гена FTO</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>eating disorder</kwd><kwd>MC4R rs17782313 variant</kwd><kwd>DRD2 rs1800497 variant</kwd><kwd>FTO rs9939609 variant</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елиашевич С. О., Степанова Е. О., Драпкина О. М. Групповая когнитивно-по­ве­денческая терапия ожирения с целью снижения сердеч­но-сосудистых рисков у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2023;22(9): 3707. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3707.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eliashevich SO, Stepanova EO, Drapkina OM. Group cognitive behavioral therapy for obesity to reduce cardiovascular risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2023;22(9):3707. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3707.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самсонова Г. О., Языкова Т. А., Агасаров Л. Г. Психоло­гические аспекты алиментарного ожирения (обзор литературы). Вестник новых медицинских технологий. Электронное издание. 2018;12(3):133-9. doi:10.24411/2075-4094-2018-16027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samsonova GO, Yazykova TA, Agasarov LG. Psychological aspects of nutritional obesity (literature review). Bulletin of new me­dical technologies. Electronic edition. 2018;12(3):133-9. (In Russ.) doi:10.24411/2075-4094-2018-16027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драп­кина О. М., Ким О. Т. Эпигенетика ожирения. Кардиоваску­лярная терапия и профилактика. 2020;19(6):2632. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina OM, Kim OT. Epigenetics of obesity. Cardiovascu­lar Therapy and Prevention. 2020;19(6):2632. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ротарь О. П., Дуби­ни­на Е. А., Орлов А. В. и др. Эмоциональный статус и стиль питания: результаты эпидемиологического исследования ЭССЕ-РФ в Санкт-Петербурге, Самаре и Оренбурге. Кардио­вас­кулярная терапия и профилактика. 2015;14(4):68-74. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2015-4-68-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rotar OP, Dubinina EA, Orlov AV, et al. Emotional status and eating style: results of the epidemiological study ESSE-RF in St. Pe­tersburg, Samara and Orenburg. Cardiovascular Therapy and Pre­vention. 2015;14(4):68-74. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2015-4-68-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Razquin C, Marti A, Martinez JA. Evidences on three relevant obe­so­genes: MC4R, FTO and PPARγ. approaches for personalized nutrition. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011;55(1):136-49. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201000445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razquin C, Marti A, Martinez JA. Evidences on three relevant obe­so­genes: MC4R, FTO and PPARγ. approaches for personalized nutrition. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011;55(1):136-49. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201000445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чумакова Г. А., Отт А. В., Веселов­ская Н. Г. и др. Патогенетические механизмы лептиноре­зистентности. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2015; (4):107-10. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2015-4-107-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chumakova GA, Ott AV, Veselovskaya NG, et al. Pathogenetic mechanisms of leptin resistance. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2015;(4):107-10. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2015-4-107-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драп­кина О. М., Дуболазова Ю. В., Бойцов С. А. Борьба с ожирением: "золотой стандарт" и новые горизонты. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2016;12(4):450-8. doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2016-12-4-450-458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina OM, Dubolazova YuV, Boytsov SA. The fight against obe­sity: the "gold standard" and new horizons. Rational Phar­ma­co­therapy in Cardiology. 2016;12(4):450-8. (In Russ.) doi:10.20996/1819-6446-2016-12-4-450-458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кох Н. В., Лифшиц Г. И., Воронина Е. Н. Возмож­ности анализа полиморфизма генов липидного обмена для выявления факторов риска атеросклероза. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2014;(10):53-7. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2014-10-53-057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kokh NV, Lifshits GI, Voronina EN. Possibilities of analysis of polymorphism of lipid metabolism genes to identify risk factors for atherosclerosis. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2014;(10):53-7. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2014-10-53-057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тимашева Я. Р., Балхиярова Ж. Р., Кочетова О. В. Современное состояние исследований в области ожирения: генетические аспекты, роль микробиома и предрасположенность к COVID-19. Проблемы Эндокрино­логии. 2021;67(4):20-35. doi:10.14341/probl12775.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timasheva YaR, Balkhiyarova ZhR, Kochetova OV. Current state of the obesity research: genetic aspects, the role of microbiome, and susceptibility to COVID-19. Problems of Endocrinology. 2021;67(4):20-35. (In Russ.) doi:10.14341/probl12775.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иев­лева К. Д., Баирова Т. А., Шенеман Е. А. и др. Влияние по­ли­морфизма гена MC4R на антропометрические параметры у подростков с избыточной массой тела и ожирением. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2019;16(2):22-8. doi:10.14341/omet9680.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ievleva KD, Bairova TA, Sheneman EA, et al. Effect of MC4R gene po­lymorphism on food intake in adolescents with overweight and obe­sity. Obesity and metabolism. 2019;16(2):22-8. (In Russ.) doi:10.14341/omet9680.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beckers S, Zegers D, de Freitas F, et al. Association study of MC4R with complex obesity and replication of the rs17782313 association signal. Mol Genet Metab. 2011;103(1):71-5. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.01.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beckers S, Zegers D, de Freitas F, et al. Association study of MC4R with complex obesity and replication of the rs17782313 association signal. Mol Genet Metab. 2011;103(1):71-5. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.01.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михалева О. Г., Бардымова М. В., Березина Т. П. Моногенные формы ожирения. Сибирский медицинский журнал (Иркутск). 2014;129(6):5-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhaleva OG, Bardymova MV, Berezina TP. Monogenic forms of obesity. Siberian Medical Journal (Irkutsk). 2014;129(6):5-11. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martins MC, Trujillo J, Freitas-Vilela AA, et al. Associations between obesity candidate gene polymorphisms (fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR)) and dietary intake in pregnant women. Br J Nutr. 2018;120(4):454-63. doi:10.1017/S0007114518001423.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martins MC, Trujillo J, Freitas-Vilela AA, et al. Associations between obesity candidate gene polymorphisms (fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR)) and dietary intake in pregnant women. Br J Nutr. 2018;120(4):454-63. doi:10.1017/S0007114518001423.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valette M, Bellisle F, Carette C, et al. Eating behaviour in obese patients with melanocortin-4 receptor mutations: a literature review. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013;37(8):1027-35. doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valette M, Bellisle F, Carette C, et al. Eating behaviour in obese patients with melanocortin-4 receptor mutations: a literature review. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013;37(8):1027-35. doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alizadeh S, Pooyan S, Mirzababaei A, et al. Interaction of MC4R rs17782313 variants and dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality on basal metabolic rate and general and central obesity in overweight/obese women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2020;22(1):121. doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01023-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alizadeh S, Pooyan S, Mirzababaei A, et al. Interaction of MC4R rs17782313 variants and dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality on basal metabolic rate and general and central obesity in overweight/obese women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2020;22(1):121. doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01023-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермакова Н. Г., Кораблина Е. П., Туктарова А. А. Психологические предпосылки формирования нарушений пищевого поведения у женщин с избыточной массой тела. Известия Российского государственного педагогического университета им. А. И. Герцена. 2024;211:190-202. doi:10.33910/1992-6464-2024-211-190-202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermakova NG, Korablina EP, Tuktarova AA. Psychological prerequisites for the formation of eating disorders in overweight women. News of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A. I. Herzen. 2024;211:190-202. (In Russ.) doi:10.33910/1992-6464-2024-211-190-202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голивец Т. П., Ду­боносова Д. Г., Ликризон С. В. Ожирение и ассоциированные с ним заболевания — проблемные вопросы патогенеза и современные стратегии диагностики и лечения. Актуальные проблемы медицины. 2023;46(2):123-43. doi:10.52575/2687-0940-2023-46-2-123-143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golivets TP, Dubonosova DG, Likrizon SV. Obesity and as­sociated diseases — problematic issues of pathogenesis and mo­dern diagnostic and treatment strategies. Current problems of medicine. 2023;46(2):123-43. (In Russ.) doi:10.52575/2687-0940-2023-46-2-123-143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaki S, Okuyama S. Involvement of melanocortin-4 receptor in anxiety and depression. Peptides. 2005;26(10):1952-64. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.11.029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chaki S, Okuyama S. Involvement of melanocortin-4 receptor in anxiety and depression. Peptides. 2005;26(10):1952-64. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.11.029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng XD, Jiang H, Ma Y, et al. Association between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and common illicit drug dependence: evidence from a meta-analysis. Hum Immunol. 2015;76(1):42-51. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2014.12.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng XD, Jiang H, Ma Y, et al. Association between DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism and common illicit drug dependence: evidence from a meta-analysis. Hum Immunol. 2015;76(1):42-51. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2014.12.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benton D, Young HA. A meta-analysis of the relationship between brain dopamine receptors and obesity: a matter of changes in behavior rather than food addiction? Int J Obes (Lond). 2016;40 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S12-21. doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benton D, Young HA. A meta-analysis of the relationship between brain dopamine receptors and obesity: a matter of changes in behavior rather than food addiction? Int J Obes (Lond). 2016;40 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S12-21. doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lawford BR, Young R, Noble EP, et al. The D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene is associated with co-morbid depression, anxiety and social dysfunction in untreated veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2006;21(3):180-5. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.01.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lawford BR, Young R, Noble EP, et al. The D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene is associated with co-morbid depression, anxiety and social dysfunction in untreated veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2006;21(3):180-5. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.01.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frayling TM, Timpson NJ, Weedon MN, et al. A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity. Science. 2007; 316(5826):889-94. doi:10.1126/science.1141634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frayling TM, Timpson NJ, Weedon MN, et al. A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity. Science. 2007; 316(5826):889-94. doi:10.1126/science.1141634.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun L, Ma L, Zhang H, et al. FTO Deficiency Reduces Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice via Alterations in Gut Microbiota. Theranostics. 2019;9(3):721-33. doi:10.7150/thno.31562.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun L, Ma L, Zhang H, et al. FTO Deficiency Reduces Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice via Alterations in Gut Microbiota. Theranostics. 2019;9(3):721-33. doi:10.7150/thno.31562.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Widagdo J, Zhao QY, Kempen MJ, et al. Experience-Dependent Accumulation of N6-Methyladenosine in the Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated with Memory Processes in Mice. J Neurosci. 2016;36(25):6771-7. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4053-15.2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Widagdo J, Zhao QY, Kempen MJ, et al. Experience-Dependent Accumulation of N6-Methyladenosine in the Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated with Memory Processes in Mice. J Neurosci. 2016;36(25):6771-7. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4053-15.2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engel M, Eggert C, Kaplick PM, et al. The Role of m6A/m-RNA Methylation in Stress Response Regulation. Neuron. 2018;99(2):389-403.e9. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engel M, Eggert C, Kaplick PM, et al. The Role of m6A/m-RNA Methylation in Stress Response Regulation. Neuron. 2018;99(2):389-403.e9. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hess ME, Hess S, Meyer KD, et al. The fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) regulates activity of the dopaminergic midbrain circuitry. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16(8):1042-8. doi:10.1038/nn.3449.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hess ME, Hess S, Meyer KD, et al. The fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) regulates activity of the dopaminergic midbrain circuitry. Nat Neurosci. 2013;16(8):1042-8. doi:10.1038/nn.3449.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bühl A, Zöfel P. SPSS Version 10. Einführung in die moderne Datenanalyse unter Windows, 2005, 608 p. ISBN-10:3827316731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bühl A, Zöfel P. SPSS Version 10. Einführung in die moderne Datenanalyse unter Windows, 2005, 608 p. ISBN-10:3827316731.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steinglass JE, Sysko R, Glasofer D, et al. Rationale for the application of exposure and response prevention to the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2011;44(2):134-41. doi:10.1002/eat.20784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steinglass JE, Sysko R, Glasofer D, et al. Rationale for the application of exposure and response prevention to the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2011;44(2):134-41. doi:10.1002/eat.20784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Golan M, Valevski A, et al. An integrative quantitative model of factors influencing the course of anorexia nervosa over time. Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(4):306-17. doi:10.1002/eat.20624.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Golan M, Valevski A, et al. An integrative quantitative model of factors influencing the course of anorexia nervosa over time. Int J Eat Disord. 2009;42(4):306-17. doi:10.1002/eat.20624.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hardaway JA, Crowley NA, Bulik CM, et al. Integrated circuits and molecular components for stress and feeding: implications for eating disorders. Genes Brain Behav. 2015;14(1):85-97. doi:10.1111/gbb.12185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hardaway JA, Crowley NA, Bulik CM, et al. Integrated circuits and molecular components for stress and feeding: implications for eating disorders. Genes Brain Behav. 2015;14(1):85-97. doi:10.1111/gbb.12185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yilmaz Z, Hardaway JA, Bulik CM. Genetics and Epigenetics of Eating Disorders. Adv Genomics Genet. 2015;5:131-50. doi:10.2147/AGG.S55776.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yilmaz Z, Hardaway JA, Bulik CM. Genetics and Epigenetics of Eating Disorders. Adv Genomics Genet. 2015;5:131-50. doi:10.2147/AGG.S55776.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahati S, Qorbani M, Naghavi A, et al. Association and interaction of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism with plasma ghrelin, GLP-1, cortisol, food intake and eating behaviors in overweight/obese Iranian adults. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22(1):234. doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01129-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahati S, Qorbani M, Naghavi A, et al. Association and interaction of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism with plasma ghrelin, GLP-1, cortisol, food intake and eating behaviors in overweight/obese Iranian adults. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22(1):234. doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01129-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serova LI, Laukova M, Alaluf LG, et al. Intranasal infusion of melanocortin receptor four (MC4R) antagonist to rats ameliorates development of depression and anxiety related symptoms induced by single prolonged stress. Behav Brain Res. 2013;250:139-47. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serova LI, Laukova M, Alaluf LG, et al. Intranasal infusion of melanocortin receptor four (MC4R) antagonist to rats ameliorates development of depression and anxiety related symptoms induced by single prolonged stress. Behav Brain Res. 2013;250:139-47. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гафаров В. В., Громова Е. А., Панов Д. О. и др. Ассоциация полиморфизма гена DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A с депрессией в открытой популяции мужчин 45-64 лет (международные эпидемиологические программы HAPIEE и ВОЗ MONICA). Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2019;11(2):37-41. doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2019-2-37-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gafarov VV, Gromova EA, Panov DO, et al. Association of DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphism with depression in an open 45-64 year-old male population (international epidemiological HAPIEE and WHO MONICA programs). Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2019;11(2):37-41. (In Russ.) doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2019-2-37-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Church C, Moir L, McMurray F, et al. Overexpression of Fto leads to increased food intake and results in obesity. Nat Genet. 2010;42(12):1086-92. doi:10.1038/ng.713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Church C, Moir L, McMurray F, et al. Overexpression of Fto leads to increased food intake and results in obesity. Nat Genet. 2010;42(12):1086-92. doi:10.1038/ng.713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang R, Huang Z, Zhao S, et al. Emerging Roles of FTO in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Biomed Res Int. 2022; 2677312. doi:10.1155/2022/2677312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang R, Huang Z, Zhao S, et al. Emerging Roles of FTO in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Biomed Res Int. 2022; 2677312. doi:10.1155/2022/2677312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Annapoorna PK, Iyer H, Parnaik T, et al. FTO: An Emerging Molecular Player in Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Neuroscience. 2019;418:15-24. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Annapoorna PK, Iyer H, Parnaik T, et al. FTO: An Emerging Molecular Player in Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Neuroscience. 2019;418:15-24. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
