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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4311</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CDWCNV</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-4311</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИНЦИПЫ ВРАЧЕВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Когнитивные искажения в практике врача-кардиолога с позиции их эволюционного объяснения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cognitive biases in cardiology practice from the perspective of evolutionary explanation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5405-2875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Часовских</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chasovskikh</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магистр философии, старший преподаватель кафедры медицинского права, этики и антропологии ИММ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">19sub@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2925-0102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таратухин</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taratukhin</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой медицинского права, этики и антропологии ИММ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО "РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова" Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3S</issue><issue-title>Профессиональное образование</issue-title><fpage>4311</fpage><lpage>4311</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Часовских Г.А., Таратухин Е.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Часовских Г.А., Таратухин Е.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chasovskikh G.A., Taratukhin E.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4311">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4311</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуется влияние когнитивных искажений на принятие решений в кардиологической практике и возможности их эволюционного объяснения. Когнитивные искажения представляют собой систематические ошибки мышления, которые, несмотря на эволюционную адаптивность в филогенезе человека как вида, могут приводить к серьезным ошибкам в медицинской диагностике, лечении и коммуникации с пациентом. Исследования показывают, что во всех медицинских сферах влияние когнитивных искажений можно отследить, однако конкретные их типы и специфика их проявлений могут значительно отличаться. В кардиологии среди врачей особенно распространены такие искажения, как эвристика доступности, эффект якоря, эффекты фрейминга и "чрезмерной самоуверенности". Пациенты обнаруживают особенную уязвимость к эвристике аффекта и "предвзятости оптимизма". Данное исследование с помощью эволюционной дескриптивной рамки предлагает некоторые советы по преодолению "клинической предвзятости" в работе с пациентом, а также указывает на возможности практико-ориентированных исследований по данной теме, в контексте возможной культурной и институциональной специфики здравоохранения в России.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the impact of cognitive biases on decision-making in cardiology practice and their evolutionary explanations. Cognitive biases are systematic thinking errors that, despite their evolutionary adaptiveness in the phylogeny of humans as a species, can lead to serious mistakes in medical diagnosis, treatment, and patient communication. Research indicates that the influence of cognitive biases can be observed across all medical fields. However, the specific types and manifestations of these biases can vary significantly. In cardiology, physicians are particularly prone to biases such as the availability heuristic, anchoring effect, framing effects, and overconfidence bias. Patients exhibit a heightened vulnerability to the affect heuristic and optimism bias. This study, employing an evolutionary descriptive framework, offers some recommendations for overcoming clinical bias in patient interactions and highlights the potential for practice-oriented research on this topic, especially regarding the cultural and institutional specificities of healthcare in Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коммуникация врач-пациент</kwd><kwd>когнитивные искажения</kwd><kwd>эвристика</kwd><kwd>приверженность</kwd><kwd>деонтология</kwd><kwd>эволюционный синтез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>patient-clinician relationship</kwd><kwd>cognitive biases</kwd><kwd>heuristics</kwd><kwd>compliance</kwd><kwd>deontology</kwd><kwd>evolutionary synthesis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья написана в рамках научной работы при поддержке гранта РНФ «Междисциплинарные основания расширенного эволюционного синтеза» 22-18-00383 (членом команды гранта является Г. А. Часовских)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written as part of a research project supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant "Interdisciplinary Foundations of Extended Evolutionary Synthesis" 22-18-00383 (G. A. Chasovskikh is a member of the grant team)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таратухин Е.О. Этическая компетентность как компонент подготовки врачей. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2022;21(2):3208. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taratukhin EO. Ethical competence as a component of physician education. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2022;21(2): 3208. 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