<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2025-4405</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">MKUHOD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-4405</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Снижение массы тела как предиктор смерти от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и смерти от всех причин: 34-летнее когортное проспективное наблюдение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Weight loss as a predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause death: a 34-year prospective cohort follow-up</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2658-0181</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгалёв</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgalev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгалёв Игорь Владимирович — д.м.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой факультетской терапии с курсами эндокринологии и клинической фармакологии</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Dolgalev</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivdolgalev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-8720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саприна</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saprina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саприна Татьяна Владимировна — д.м.н., доцент, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии с курсами эндокринологии и клинической фармакологии</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatjana V. Saprina</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanja.v.saprina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-9067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Алёна Юрьевна — к.м.н., доцент кафедры факультетской терапии с курсами эндокринологии и клинической фармакологии</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena Yu. Ivanova</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a181288@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО "Сибирский государственный медицинский университет" Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>4405</fpage><lpage>4405</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Долгалёв И.В., Саприна Т.В., Иванова А.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Долгалёв И.В., Саприна Т.В., Иванова А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dolgalev I.V., Saprina T.V., Ivanova A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4405">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4405</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить влияние направленности динамики массы тела (МТ) как фактора, определяющего риск) смерти от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и от всех причин в 34-летнем проспективном наблюдении когорты неорганизованной популяции г. Томска.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Выполнено 34-летнее проспективное исследование. В когорту вошли 1546 человек в возрасте 20-59 лет. 1988-1991гг — измерение антропометрических параметров, расчет индекса МТ. 2002-2005гг — повторное обследование когорты, оценка МТ. 2022г — изучение влияния направленности динамики МТ на риск смерти от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) и от всех причин.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Предшествующее снижение МТ более чем на 5% сопровождается повышением риска смерти от всех причин в 1,6 раза в сравнении с лицами, чья МТ оставалась стабильной, и в 2,3 раза выше по сравнению с теми, чья МТ за время наблюдения увеличилась. Риск смерти от ССЗ в случае снижения МТ выше в 1,7 и 3 раза, соответственно. Наилучшая 17-летняя выживаемость установлена среди лиц, у которых произошло увеличение МТ более чем на 5%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Снижение МТ более чем на 5% является независимым предиктором смерти от ССЗ и от всех причин. При оценке риска смерти от ССЗ и от всех причин важно учитывать не только текущий показатель МТ, но и предшествующую направленность её динамики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the influence of body weight changes as a factor determining the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause death in a 34-year prospective follow-up of a Tomsk population cohort.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This 34-year prospective study included 1546 people aged 20-59 years. In 1988-1991, anthropometric measurement and calculation of body mass index were performed, while in 20022005 — re-examination of the cohort with body weight assessment. In 2022, we studied the effect of body weight changes on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Prior body weight decreases by more than 5% is accompanied by an increase in all-cause death risk by 1,6 times compared to individuals with stable weight, and 2,3 times higher compared to those with body weight increased during the follow-up period. Cardiovascular death risk in the case of body weight decrease is 1,7 and 3 times higher, respectively. The best 17-year survival was established among individuals with an increase who had an increase in BW by more than 5%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A decrease in body weight by more than 5% is an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause death. When assessing the cardiovascular and all-cause death risks, not only the current body weight should be taken into account, but also the previous direction of its changes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>индекс массы тела</kwd><kwd>динамика массы тела</kwd><kwd>масса тела</kwd><kwd>парадокс ожирения</kwd><kwd>проспективное исследование</kwd><kwd>риск смерти</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>снижение массы тела</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>body mass index</kwd><kwd>body mass changes</kwd><kwd>body weight</kwd><kwd>obesity paradox</kwd><kwd>prospective study</kwd><kwd>death risk</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>weight loss</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zou H, Yin P, Liu L, et al. Body-Weight Fluctuation Was Associated with Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:728. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00728.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zou H, Yin P, Liu L, et al. Body-Weight Fluctuation Was Associated with Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:728. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00728.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen C, Ye Y, Zhang Y, et al. Weight change across adulthood in relation to all cause and cause specific mortality: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2019;367:l5584. doi:10.1136/bmj.l5584.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen C, Ye Y, Zhang Y, et al. Weight change across adulthood in relation to all cause and cause specific mortality: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2019;367:l5584. doi:10.1136/bmj.l5584.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Degoulet P, Legrain M, Réach I. Mortality risk factors in patients treated by chronic hemodialysis. Report of the Diaphane collaborative study. Nephron. 1982;31(2):103-10. doi:10.1159/000182627.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Degoulet P, Legrain M, Réach I. Mortality risk factors in patients treated by chronic hemodialysis. Report of the Diaphane collaborative study. Nephron. 1982;31(2):103-10. doi:10.1159/000182627.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalantar-Zadeh K, Block G, Horwich T, et al. Reverse epidemiology of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(8):1439-44. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.11.039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalantar-Zadeh K, Block G, Horwich T, et al. Reverse epidemiology of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(8):1439-44. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.11.039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шпагина О.В., Бондаренко И.З. "Парадокс ожирения" — еще один взгляд на проблему сердечнососудистых заболеваний. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2013;10(4): 3-9. doi:10.14341/omet201343-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shpagina OV, Bondarenko IZ. "Obesity Paradox" — another look at the problem of cardiovascular disease. Obesity and metabolism. 2013;10(4):3-9. (In Russ.) doi:10.14341/omet201343-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J, Schutte R, Pierscionek B.Association of weight change with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in obese participants with cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study. Heart. 2025;111(10):454-61. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324383.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J, Schutte R, Pierscionek B.Association of weight change with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in obese participants with cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study. Heart. 2025;111(10):454-61. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324383.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгалёв И.В., Троценко Б.А., Образцов В.В. и др. Естественная динамика избыточной массы тела у взрослого населения (по результатам 17-летнего проспективного исследования). Сибирский медицинский журнал (Томск). 2011;3(1):148-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgalev IV, Trotsenko BA, Obraztsov VV, et al. Natural dynamics of overweight in adults (according to the results of a 17-year prospective study). Sibirskij meditsinskij zhurnal (Tomsk). 2011; 3(1):148-52. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгалёв И.В., Бразовская Н.Г., Иванова А.Ю. и др. Влияние артериальной гипертензии, избыточной массы тела, гипертриглицеридемии и их сочетания на смертность (по результатам 27-летнего когортного проспективного исследования). Кардиология. 2019;59(S11):44-52. doi:10.18087/cardio.n344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgalev IV, Brazovskaya NG, Ivanova AYu, et al. Impact of hypertension, overweight, hypertriglyceridemia and their combination for mortality rate according to the results of a 27-year cohort prospective study. Kardiologiia. 2019;59(S11):44-52. (In Russ.) doi:10.18087/cardio.n344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгалев И.В., Иванова А.Ю. Риск общей смертности и смертности от сердечнососудистых заболеваний в зависимости от направленности динамики массы тела: проспективное когортное исследование. Профилактическая медицина. 2022;25(4):41 6. doi:10.17116/profmed20222504141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgalev IV, Ivanova AYu. The risk of overall mortality and cardiovascular mortality depending on the direction of body weight dynamics: a prospective cohort study. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2022;25(4):41 6. (In Russ.) doi:10.17116/profmed20222504141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piepoli М, Hoes А, Agewall S, et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2016). Eur Heart J. 2016;37(29):2315-81. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piepoli М, Hoes А, Agewall S, et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2016). Eur Heart J. 2016;37(29):2315-81. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P. Body-mass index and causespecific mortality in 900000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009;373:1083-96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P. Body-mass index and causespecific mortality in 900000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009;373:1083-96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Global BMI Mortality Collaboration. Body-mass index and allcause mortality: individual participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet. 2016;388:776-86. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Global BMI Mortality Collaboration. Body-mass index and allcause mortality: individual participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet. 2016;388:776-86. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aune D, Sen A, Prasad M, et al. BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose–response metaanalysis of 230 cohort studies with 3,74 million deaths among 30,3 million participants. BMJ. 2016;353:i2156. doi:10.1136/bmj.i2156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aune D, Sen A, Prasad M, et al. BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose–response metaanalysis of 230 cohort studies with 3,74 million deaths among 30,3 million participants. BMJ. 2016;353:i2156. doi:10.1136/bmj.i2156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дружилов М. А., Кузнецова Т. Ю., Дружилова О. Ю. "Парадоксы ожирения": основные причины формирования "обратной" кардиоваскулярной эпидемиологии. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2018;17(5):92-8. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2018-5-92-98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Druzhilov MA, Kuznetsova ТYu, Druzhilova ОYu. "Obesity paradoxes": main causes of an "inverse" cardiovascular epidemiology. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2018;17(5):92-8. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2018-5-92-98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hong NS, Kim KS, Lee IK. The association between obesity and mortality in the elderly differs by serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants: a possible explanation for the obesity paradox. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012;36(9):1170-5. doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hong NS, Kim KS, Lee IK. The association between obesity and mortality in the elderly differs by serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants: a possible explanation for the obesity paradox. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012;36(9):1170-5. doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feldman AM, Combes A, Wagner D. The role of tumor necrosis factor in the pathophysiology of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(3):537-44. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00600-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feldman AM, Combes A, Wagner D. The role of tumor necrosis factor in the pathophysiology of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(3):537-44. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00600-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pocock SJ, McMurray JJ, Dobson J. Weight loss and mortality risk in patients with chronic heart failure in the candesartan in heart failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(21):2641-50. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn420.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pocock SJ, McMurray JJ, Dobson J. Weight loss and mortality risk in patients with chronic heart failure in the candesartan in heart failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(21):2641-50. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn420.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rafiei SKS, Fateh F, Arab M, et al. Weight Change and the Risk of Micro and Macro Vascular Complications of Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Malays J Med Sci. 2024;31(3):18-31. doi:10.21315/mjms2024.31.3.2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rafiei SKS, Fateh F, Arab M, et al. Weight Change and the Risk of Micro and Macro Vascular Complications of Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Malays J Med Sci. 2024;31(3):18-31. doi:10.21315/mjms2024.31.3.2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williamson DF, Thompson TJ, Thun M, et al. Intentional weight loss and mortality among overweight individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(10):1499-504. doi:10.2337/diacare.23.10.1499.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williamson DF, Thompson TJ, Thun M, et al. Intentional weight loss and mortality among overweight individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(10):1499-504. doi:10.2337/diacare.23.10.1499.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang QM, Shen D, Gao J, et al. Association of weight change with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: an age-stratified analysis. BMC Med. 2024;22(1):438. doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03665-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang QM, Shen D, Gao J, et al. Association of weight change with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: an age-stratified analysis. BMC Med. 2024;22(1):438. doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03665-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang H, Wang J, Wang X, et al. Weight change and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A 25-year follow-up study. Chin Med J (Engl). 2024;137(10):1169-78. doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000002970.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang H, Wang J, Wang X, et al. Weight change and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A 25-year follow-up study. Chin Med J (Engl). 2024;137(10):1169-78. doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000002970.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei J, Hunter D, Lane NE, et al. Weight Loss Induced by Antiobesity Medications and All-Cause Mortality Among Patients With Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2024;76(4):577-86. doi:10.1002/art.42754.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei J, Hunter D, Lane NE, et al. Weight Loss Induced by Antiobesity Medications and All-Cause Mortality Among Patients With Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2024;76(4):577-86. doi:10.1002/art.42754.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holmes R, Duan H, Bagley O, et al. How are APOE4, changes in body weight, and longevity related? Insights from a causal mediation analysis. Front Aging. 2024;5:1359202. doi:10.3389/fragi.2024.1359202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holmes R, Duan H, Bagley O, et al. How are APOE4, changes in body weight, and longevity related? Insights from a causal mediation analysis. Front Aging. 2024;5:1359202. doi:10.3389/fragi.2024.1359202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yashin A, Arbeeva LS, Arbeev KG, et al. Age trajectories of physiological indices: which factors influence them? In: The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis (Dordrecht: Springer). Biodemography of Aging. 2016;40:21-45. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7587-8_2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yashin A, Arbeeva LS, Arbeev KG, et al. Age trajectories of physiological indices: which factors influence them? In: The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis (Dordrecht: Springer). Biodemography of Aging. 2016;40:21-45. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7587-8_2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ukraintseva S, Duan M, Arbeev K, et al. Interactions Between Genes From Aging Pathways May Influence Human Lifespan and Improve Animal to Human Translation. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:692020. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.692020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ukraintseva S, Duan M, Arbeev K, et al. Interactions Between Genes From Aging Pathways May Influence Human Lifespan and Improve Animal to Human Translation. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:692020. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.692020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
