cardiovascularКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактикаCardiovascular Therapy and Prevention1728-88002619-0125«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC10.15829/1728-8800-2016-4-88-97cardiovascular-451Research ArticleОБЗОРКАРДИОПСИХИАТРИЯ. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПЕРЕВОДАCARDIOPSYCHIATRY. PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATIONДробижевМ. Ю.DrobizhevM. Yu.

Доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник НОКЦ “Здоровое сердце”.

Тел.: +7 (910) 490-65-62, e-mail: dmyu2001@mail.ru

dmyu2001@mail.ruКиктаС. В.KiktaS. V.

Кикта С. В. — Кандидат медицинских наук, зав. отделением

МачильскаяО. В.MachilskayaO. V.

Врач-кардиолог отдела неотложной коронарной хирургии

Первый МГМУ имени И. М. Сеченова, МоскваI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health, MoscowПоликлиника № 3 Управления делами Президента РФ, МоскваPolyclinics № 3 of President’s Protocol Service, MoscowНИИ скорой помощи имени Н. В. Склифосовского, Департамент здравоохранения Москвы, МоскваSRI of Urgent Care n.a. N. V. Sklifosofskiy of the Health Department, Moscow2016200820161548897Copyright © Дробижев М.Ю., Кикта С.В., Мачильская О.В., 20162016Дробижев М.Ю., Кикта С.В., Мачильская О.В.Drobizhev M.Y., Kikta S.V., Machilskaya O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/451

Кардиопсихиатрия — сравнительно новое направление  в медицине, изучающее психические расстройства (ПР), обладающие общими с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ) патогенетическими механизмами. Многие из них заимствованы у стресса  и проявляются изменением  активности нейронов. Предложена рабочая классификация  ПР в кардиопсихиатрии. ПР могут быть спровоцированы:  угрозой,  исходящей  от актуальных ССЗ (1-й  тип), иной угрожающей ситуацией (2-й “А” тип — у лиц, не страдающих ССЗ, 2-й “Б” тип — у больных ССЗ), “обычной”, не угрожающей ситуацией или вообще неизвестными факторами (3-й “А” тип — у лиц, не страдающих ССЗ, 3-й “Б” тип — у больных ССЗ). Данные литературы свидетельствуют, что ПР 2-го “А” типа повышают (хотя и умеренно) риск возникновения ССЗ. В то же время ПР 2-го “Б” типа и способствуют их прогрессированию  (возможно лишь при определенном патогенетическом варианте болезни). Требуются изучение остальных типов  ПР.  Обзор  включает  таблицы,  позволяющие  судить о соотношениях между многочисленными терминами,  использующимися для обозначения ПР. Представлены сведения о рациональном выборе психотропных препаратов для лечения ПР.

Cardiopsychiatry is relatively new field in medicine that studies psychic disorders (PD) having common pathological pathways with cardiovascular pathology (CVP). Most of them are related to stress  and present  with disordered  neuronal  activity. A  working classification  is proposed for PD in cardiopsychiatry. PD might be caused by: threat from actual CVP (type 1), other threatening  situation (type 2a — in persons without CVP, type 2b — if CVP), “causal” non-threatening situation or even not known factors (type 3a — if without CVP, type 3b — with CVP). Literature data suggest  that 2a PD does  increase  (though temporarily) the risk of CVP. Also the 2b PD enforces  progression  of CVP (possible only in specific pathogenetic variant of disease). Studies  of other PD types are demanded. The review includes tables that make visible the relations of multiple terms used for PD. Information on rational selection of psychotropic drugs is provided.

кардиопсихиатриястресспсихические расстройствасердечно-сосудистые заболеванияпсихотропные препаратыcardiopsychiatrystresspsychic disorderscardiovascular diseasespsychotropic drugsReferencesSmulevich AV, Syrkin AL, Drobizhev MJu, et al. Psychocardiology. MIA. Moscow. 2005. 777p. Russian (Смулевич А. В., Сыркин А. Л., Дробижев М. Ю. и др. Психокардиология. МИА. Москва. 2005. 777c).Smulevich AV, Syrkin AL, Drobizhev MJu, et al. Psychocardiology. MIA. Moscow. 2005. 777p. Russian (Смулевич А. В., Сыркин А. Л., Дробижев М. Ю. и др. Психокардиология. МИА. Москва. 2005. 777c).Prokudin VN. Sulpiride — first atypical neuroleptic with an activating and thymoleptical thymoleptical effects and unique somatotropic action. growth hormone. Psihiatrija i psihofarmakoterapija. 2011; 15(1): 42-5. Russian (Прокудин В. Н. Сульпирид — первый атипичный нейролептик с активирующим и тимолептическим эффектами и уникальным соматотропным действием. Психиатрия и психофармакотерапия 2011; 15(1): 42-5).Prokudin VN. Sulpiride — first atypical neuroleptic with an activating and thymoleptical thymoleptical effects and unique somatotropic action. growth hormone. Psihiatrija i psihofarmakoterapija. 2011; 15(1): 42-5. Russian (Прокудин В. Н. Сульпирид — первый атипичный нейролептик с активирующим и тимолептическим эффектами и уникальным соматотропным действием. Психиатрия и психофармакотерапия 2011; 15(1): 42-5).Drobizhev MJu, Fedotova AV, Kikta SV. Pathogenetic pharmacotherapy of the phobic anxiety disorders and stress related disorders. Profilakticheskaja medicina 2013; 4: 34-9. Russian (Дробижев М. Ю., Федотова А. В., Кикта С. В. 4: 34-9).Drobizhev MJu, Fedotova AV, Kikta SV. Pathogenetic pharmacotherapy of the phobic anxiety disorders and stress related disorders. Profilakticheskaja medicina 2013; 4: 34-9. Russian (Дробижев М. Ю., Федотова А. В., Кикта С. В. 4: 34-9).Stahl SM. Stahl's essential psychopharmacology: neuroscientifi c basis and practical application. 3nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2008. 1117 p.Stahl SM. Stahl's essential psychopharmacology: neuroscientifi c basis and practical application. 3nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2008. 1117 p.International Classification of Diseases. 10th revision. 1^:7^6-10^/ (15 May 2016) Russian (Международная классификация болезней 10-й пересмотр.International Classification of Diseases. 10th revision. 1^:7^6-10^/ (15 May 2016) Russian (Международная классификация болезней 10-й пересмотр.Holbein WW, Toney GM. Activation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus by forebrain hypertonicity selectively increases tonic vasomotor sympathetic nerve activity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015 Mar 1; 308(5): R351-9.Holbein WW, Toney GM. Activation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus by forebrain hypertonicity selectively increases tonic vasomotor sympathetic nerve activity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015 Mar 1; 308(5): R351-9.Giannoglou GD, Koskinas KC. Mental Stress and Cardiovascular Disease: Growing Evidence into the Complex Interrelation Between Mind and Heart. Angiology 2015; 66(1): 5-7.Giannoglou GD, Koskinas KC. Mental Stress and Cardiovascular Disease: Growing Evidence into the Complex Interrelation Between Mind and Heart. Angiology 2015; 66(1): 5-7.Goyal V, Jassal DS, Dhalla NS. Pathophysiology and prevention of sudden cardiac death. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94(3): 237-44.Goyal V, Jassal DS, Dhalla NS. Pathophysiology and prevention of sudden cardiac death. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94(3): 237-44.Bacaner M, Brietenbucher J, LaBree J. Prevention of ventricular fibrillation, acute myocardial infarction (myocardial necrosis), heart failure, and mortality by bretylium: is ischemic heart disease primarily adrenergic cardiovascular disease? Am J Ther 2004; 11(5): 366-411.Bacaner M, Brietenbucher J, LaBree J. Prevention of ventricular fibrillation, acute myocardial infarction (myocardial necrosis), heart failure, and mortality by bretylium: is ischemic heart disease primarily adrenergic cardiovascular disease? Am J Ther 2004; 11(5): 366-411.Alevizos M, Karagkouni A, Panagiotidou S, et al. Stress triggers coronary mast cells leading to cardiac events. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 112(4): 309-16.Alevizos M, Karagkouni A, Panagiotidou S, et al. Stress triggers coronary mast cells leading to cardiac events. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 112(4): 309-16.Clejan S, Japa S, Clemetson C, et al. Blood histamine is associated with coronary artery disease, cardiac events and severity of inflammation and atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2002; 6: 583-92.Clejan S, Japa S, Clemetson C, et al. Blood histamine is associated with coronary artery disease, cardiac events and severity of inflammation and atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2002; 6: 583-92.Li X Chi L, Stechschulte DJ, et al. Histamine-induced production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 by human coronary artery endothelial cells is enhanced by endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Microvas Res 2001; 61: 253-62.Li X Chi L, Stechschulte DJ, et al. Histamine-induced production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 by human coronary artery endothelial cells is enhanced by endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Microvas Res 2001; 61: 253-62.Kim DA, McClure WG 3rd, Neighoff JB, et al. Platelet response to serotonin in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2014; 114(2): 181-6.Kim DA, McClure WG 3rd, Neighoff JB, et al. Platelet response to serotonin in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2014; 114(2): 181-6.Gurbel PA, Jeong XH, Navarese EP, et al. Platelet-Mediated Thrombosis: From Bench to Bedside. Circ Res 2016; 118(9): 1380-91.Gurbel PA, Jeong XH, Navarese EP, et al. Platelet-Mediated Thrombosis: From Bench to Bedside. Circ Res 2016; 118(9): 1380-91.Michel JB, Virmani R, Arbustini E, et al. Intraplaque haemorrhages as the trigger of plaque vulnerability. Eur Heart J 2011; 32(16): 1977-1985, 1985a, 1985b, 1985c.Michel JB, Virmani R, Arbustini E, et al. Intraplaque haemorrhages as the trigger of plaque vulnerability. Eur Heart J 2011; 32(16): 1977-1985, 1985a, 1985b, 1985c.Shal'nova SA, Oganov RG, Stjeg FG, et al. Ischemic heart disease. Modern reality according to the World Register CLARIFX. Russian http://medi.ru/doc/f421311.htm (15 May 2016). Russian (Шальнова С.А., Станов Р. Г., Стэг Ф. Г. и др. Ишемическая болезнь сердца. Современная реальность по данным всемирного регистра CLARIFX. (15 мая 2016). http://medi.ru/doc/f421311.htm.)Shal'nova SA, Oganov RG, Stjeg FG, et al. Ischemic heart disease. Modern reality according to the World Register CLARIFX. Russian http://medi.ru/doc/f421311.htm (15 May 2016). Russian (Шальнова С.А., Станов Р. Г., Стэг Ф. Г. и др. Ишемическая болезнь сердца. Современная реальность по данным всемирного регистра CLARIFX. (15 мая 2016). http://medi.ru/doc/f421311.htm.)Farr OM, Ko BJ, Joung KE, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder, alone or additively with early life adversity, is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25(5): 479-88.Farr OM, Ko BJ, Joung KE, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder, alone or additively with early life adversity, is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25(5): 479-88.Kershaw KN, Brenes GA, Charles LE, et al. Associations of stressful life events and social strain with incident cardiovascular disease in the Women's Health Initiative. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3(3): e000687.Kershaw KN, Brenes GA, Charles LE, et al. Associations of stressful life events and social strain with incident cardiovascular disease in the Women's Health Initiative. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3(3): e000687.Husarewycz MN, El-Gabalawy R, Logsetty S, et al. The association between number and type of traumatic life experiences and physical conditions in a nationally representative sample. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36(1): 26-32.Husarewycz MN, El-Gabalawy R, Logsetty S, et al. The association between number and type of traumatic life experiences and physical conditions in a nationally representative sample. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36(1): 26-32.Hendrickson CM, Neylan TC, Na B, et al. Lifetime trauma exposure and prospective cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Psychosom Med 2013; 75(9): 849-55.Hendrickson CM, Neylan TC, Na B, et al. Lifetime trauma exposure and prospective cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Psychosom Med 2013; 75(9): 849-55.Lovallo WR. Can exaggerated stress reactivity and prolonged recovery predict negative health outcomes? The case of cardiovascular disease. Psychosom Med 2015; 77(3): 212-4.Lovallo WR. Can exaggerated stress reactivity and prolonged recovery predict negative health outcomes? The case of cardiovascular disease. Psychosom Med 2015; 77(3): 212-4.Richardson S, Shaffer JA, Falzon L, et al. Meta-analysis of perceived stress and its association with incident coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2012; 110(12): 1711-6.Richardson S, Shaffer JA, Falzon L, et al. Meta-analysis of perceived stress and its association with incident coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2012; 110(12): 1711-6.Wei J, Rooks C, Ramadan R, et al. Meta-analysis of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia and subsequent cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2014; 114(2): 187-92.Wei J, Rooks C, Ramadan R, et al. Meta-analysis of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia and subsequent cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2014; 114(2): 187-92.Ramadan R, Sheps D, Esteves F, et al. Myocardial ischemia during mental stress: role of coronary artery disease burden and vasomotion. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2(5): e000321.Ramadan R, Sheps D, Esteves F, et al. Myocardial ischemia during mental stress: role of coronary artery disease burden and vasomotion. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2(5): e000321.Mostofsky E, Penner EA, Mittleman MA. Outbursts of anger as a trigger of acute cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2014; 35(21): 1404-10.Mostofsky E, Penner EA, Mittleman MA. Outbursts of anger as a trigger of acute cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2014; 35(21): 1404-10.Ramadan R, Sheps D, Esteves F, et al. Myocardial ischemia during mental stress: role of coronary artery disease burden and vasomotion. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2(5): e000321.Ramadan R, Sheps D, Esteves F, et al. Myocardial ischemia during mental stress: role of coronary artery disease burden and vasomotion. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2(5): e000321.Steptoe A, Kivimaki M. Stress and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2012; 9(6): 360-70.Steptoe A, Kivimaki M. Stress and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2012; 9(6): 360-70.Marvar PJ, Harrison DG. Stress-dependent hypertension and the role of T lymphocytes. Exp Physiol 2012; 97(11): 1161-7.Marvar PJ, Harrison DG. Stress-dependent hypertension and the role of T lymphocytes. Exp Physiol 2012; 97(11): 1161-7.Wybraniec M, Mizia-Stec K, Krzych L. Stress cardiomyopathy: yet another type of neurocardiogenic injury: 'stress cardiomyopathy'. Cardiovasc Pathol 2014; 23(3): 113-20.Wybraniec M, Mizia-Stec K, Krzych L. Stress cardiomyopathy: yet another type of neurocardiogenic injury: 'stress cardiomyopathy'. Cardiovasc Pathol 2014; 23(3): 113-20.Tully PJ, Pedersen SS, Winefield HR, et al. Cardiac morbidity risk and depression and anxiety: a disorder, symptom and trait analysis among cardiac surgery patients. Psychol Health Med 2011; 16(3): 333-45.Tully PJ, Pedersen SS, Winefield HR, et al. Cardiac morbidity risk and depression and anxiety: a disorder, symptom and trait analysis among cardiac surgery patients. Psychol Health Med 2011; 16(3): 333-45.Stein DJ, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, et al. Associations between mental disorders and subsequent onset of hypertension. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36(2): 142-9.Stein DJ, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, et al. Associations between mental disorders and subsequent onset of hypertension. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36(2): 142-9.Celano CM, Millstein RA, Bedoya CA, et al. Association between anxiety and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis. Am Heart J 2015; 170(6): 1105-15.Celano CM, Millstein RA, Bedoya CA, et al. Association between anxiety and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis. Am Heart J 2015; 170(6): 1105-15.Sardinha A, Araujo CG, Nardi AE. Psychiatric disorders and cardiac anxiety in exercising and sedentary coronary artery disease patients: a case-control study. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45(12): 1320-6.Sardinha A, Araujo CG, Nardi AE. Psychiatric disorders and cardiac anxiety in exercising and sedentary coronary artery disease patients: a case-control study. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45(12): 1320-6.Purdy J. Chronic physical illness: a psychophysiological approach for chronic physical illness. Xale J Biol Med 2013; 86(1): 15-28.Purdy J. Chronic physical illness: a psychophysiological approach for chronic physical illness. Xale J Biol Med 2013; 86(1): 15-28.von Kanel R. Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular risk: current opinion. Swiss Med Wkly 2012; 142: w13502.von Kanel R. Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular risk: current opinion. Swiss Med Wkly 2012; 142: w13502.Bunaciu L, Feldner MT, Blumenthal H, et al. A test of the relations between avoidance of panic-related situations and substance use, substance dependence, and depression among subclinical panickers. Behav Res Ther 2010; 48(2): 158-63.Bunaciu L, Feldner MT, Blumenthal H, et al. A test of the relations between avoidance of panic-related situations and substance use, substance dependence, and depression among subclinical panickers. Behav Res Ther 2010; 48(2): 158-63.Brett J, Murnion B. Management of benzodiazepine misuse and dependence. Aust Prescr 2015; 38(5):152-5.Brett J, Murnion B. Management of benzodiazepine misuse and dependence. Aust Prescr 2015; 38(5):152-5.Order of the Ministry of Health About the Rules of the prescribing of medicines and their delivery https://www.lawmix.ru/zkrf/44522. (15 May 2016). Russian (Приказ Минздрава РФ от 10.11.1997 N 326 "С Правилах выписывания рецептов на лекарственные средства и их отпуске" https://www.lawmix.ru/zkrf/44522)Order of the Ministry of Health About the Rules of the prescribing of medicines and their delivery https://www.lawmix.ru/zkrf/44522. (15 May 2016). Russian (Приказ Минздрава РФ от 10.11.1997 N 326 "С Правилах выписывания рецептов на лекарственные средства и их отпуске" https://www.lawmix.ru/zkrf/44522)Reid AM, McNamara JP, Murphy TK, et al. Side-effects of SSRIs disrupt multimodal treatment for pediatric OCD in a randomized-controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 71: 140-7.Reid AM, McNamara JP, Murphy TK, et al. Side-effects of SSRIs disrupt multimodal treatment for pediatric OCD in a randomized-controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 71: 140-7.Kalinin VV. Paradoxes of Eglonil — atypical antipsychotic with bipolar action. http:// www.paininfo.ru/articles/consilium_medicum/3527.html (15 May 2016). Russian (Калинин В.В. Парадоксы эглонила — атипичного нейролептика биполярного действия. http://www.paininfo.ru/articles/consilium_medicum/3527.html).Kalinin VV. Paradoxes of Eglonil — atypical antipsychotic with bipolar action. http:// www.paininfo.ru/articles/consilium_medicum/3527.html (15 May 2016). Russian (Калинин В.В. Парадоксы эглонила — атипичного нейролептика биполярного действия. http://www.paininfo.ru/articles/consilium_medicum/3527.html).Abseitova SR. Comparative effectiveness of the different variants of pharmacotherapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and neurotic anxiety and depressive disorders. Psih rasstrojstva v obshh med 2009; 4:26-9. Russian (Абсеитова С. Р. Cравнительная эффективность различных вариантов психофармакотерапии у больных с острым инфарктом миокарда и невротическими тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами. Псих расстройства в общ мед 2009; 4: 26-9).Abseitova SR. Comparative effectiveness of the different variants of pharmacotherapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and neurotic anxiety and depressive disorders. Psih rasstrojstva v obshh med 2009; 4:26-9. Russian (Абсеитова С. Р. Cравнительная эффективность различных вариантов психофармакотерапии у больных с острым инфарктом миокарда и невротическими тревожно-депрессивными расстройствами. Псих расстройства в общ мед 2009; 4: 26-9).Zhang J, Xu H, Chen Z. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of venlafaxine compared with citalopram in generalized anxiety disorder. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5(3): 840-4.Zhang J, Xu H, Chen Z. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of venlafaxine compared with citalopram in generalized anxiety disorder. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5(3): 840-4.Sulpiride Instruction, use and formula http://www.rlsnet.ru/mnn_index_id_96.htm (15 May 2016). Russian (Сульпирид (Sulpiride): инструкция, применение и формула. http://www.rlsnet.ru/mnn_index_id_96.htm).Sulpiride Instruction, use and formula http://www.rlsnet.ru/mnn_index_id_96.htm (15 May 2016). Russian (Сульпирид (Sulpiride): инструкция, применение и формула. http://www.rlsnet.ru/mnn_index_id_96.htm).Herrera-Marschitz M, Stahle L, Tossman U, et al. Behavioural and biochemical studies with the benzamide sulpiride in rats. Acta Psychiatr Scand (Suppl) 1984; 311: 147-62.Herrera-Marschitz M, Stahle L, Tossman U, et al. Behavioural and biochemical studies with the benzamide sulpiride in rats. Acta Psychiatr Scand (Suppl) 1984; 311: 147-62.Harsing LG Jr, Zigmond MJ. Influence of dopamine on GABA release in striatum: evidence for D1-D2 interactions and non-synaptic influences. Neuroscience 1997; 77(2): 419-29.Harsing LG Jr, Zigmond MJ. Influence of dopamine on GABA release in striatum: evidence for D1-D2 interactions and non-synaptic influences. Neuroscience 1997; 77(2): 419-29.Apteka.RU http://apteka.ru/about/company.php (15 May 2016).Apteka.RU http://apteka.ru/about/company.php (15 May 2016).Guide to good manufacturing practice for medicinal products. http://www.cleanroom-technology.ru/uploads/files/GMP.pdf (15 May 2016). Russian (Правила производства лекарственных средств — GMP Европейского сообщества. (http://www. cleanroom-technology.ru/uploads/files/GMP.pdf) (15 мая 2006).Guide to good manufacturing practice for medicinal products. http://www.cleanroom-technology.ru/uploads/files/GMP.pdf (15 May 2016). Russian (Правила производства лекарственных средств — GMP Европейского сообщества. (http://www. cleanroom-technology.ru/uploads/files/GMP.pdf) (15 мая 2006).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.