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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2025-4523</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">DLJDPC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-4523</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характер питания и депрессия: есть ли ассоциации в российской популяции? Результаты эпидемиологического исследования ЭССЕ-РФ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dietary patterns and depression: are there associations in the Russian population? Results of the ESSE-RF epidemiological study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-712X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карамнова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karamnova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карамнова Наталья Станиславовна — д.м.н., руководитель лаборатории эпидемиологии питания отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, доцент кафедры терапии, общей врачебной практики с курсом гастроэнтерологии Института профессионального образования и аккредитации.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nkaramnova@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2087-6483</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шальнова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalnova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шальнова Светлана Анатольевна — д.м.н., профессор, руководитель отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlanashalnova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-4144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швабская</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvabskaya</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Швабская Ольга Борисовна — н.с. лаборатории эпидемиологии питания, отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">OShvabskaya@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-4593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рытова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rytova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рытова Анастасия Игоревна — аспирант кафедры теории вероятностей механико-математического факультета.</p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nrche@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8011-2798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баланова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balanova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баланова Юлия Андреевна — д.м.н., в.н.с. отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">JBalanova@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-4667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евстифеева</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evstifeeva</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евстифеева Светлана Евгеньевна — к.м.н., с.н.с. отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">SEvstifeeva@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9332-0622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имаева</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imaeva</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Имаева Асия Эмвяровна — д.м.н., в.н.с. отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AImaeva@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9624-9374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капустина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapustina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Капустина Анна Владимировна — с.н.с. отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AKapustina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0240-3941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муромцева</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muromtseva</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муромцева Галина Аркадьевна — к.б.н., в.н.с. отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">GMuromtseva@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Драпкина Оксана Михайловна — д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ODrapkina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО "Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова"</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>4523</fpage><lpage>4523</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карамнова Н.С., Шальнова С.А., Швабская О.Б., Рытова А.И., Баланова Ю.А., Евстифеева С.Е., Имаева А.Э., Капустина А.В., Муромцева Г.А., Драпкина О.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карамнова Н.С., Шальнова С.А., Швабская О.Б., Рытова А.И., Баланова Ю.А., Евстифеева С.Е., Имаева А.Э., Капустина А.В., Муромцева Г.А., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karamnova N.S., Shalnova S.A., Shvabskaya O.B., Rytova A.I., Balanova Y.A., Evstifeeva S.E., Imaeva A.E., Kapustina A.V., Muromtseva G.A., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4523">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4523</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить ассоциации депрессии с характером питания, включая потребление алкоголя в российской популяции.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследованы представительные выборки 13 регионов Российской Федерации мужского и женского населения 25-64 лет (22217 человек, 8519 мужчин, 13698 женщин). Отклик ~80%. Характер питания оценен по частоте потребления основных групп продуктов. Оценка депрессии выполнена вопросником "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)", с критериями: 0-7 баллов — отсутствие депрессии, 8-10 баллов — субклинический и ≥11 — клинический уровни депрессии. Результаты представлены в виде %, отношения шансов (OR — odds ratio) и 95% доверительного интервала (ДИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При депрессии и у мужчин, и у женщин снижается потребление натуральных продуктов. Мужчины и женщины, независимо от степени выраженности депрессии, снижают потребление молочных продуктов, а также овощей и фруктов (р&lt;0,05). Мужчины и женщины с клинически выраженной депрессией снижают потребление красного мяса: OR 0,78, ДИ: [0,63-0,97] (p=0,0283) и OR 0,76, ДИ: [0,65-0,88] (р=0,0004), соответственно. У женщин с клинически выраженной депрессией реже потребление сладостей в рационе, чем у здоровых — OR 0,84, ДИ: [0,73-0,97] (р=0,018). Избыточное потребление соли чаще в рационе лиц с депрессией, чем у здоровых. Более высокая частота досаливания готовой пищи отмечается у мужчин с субклинически и клинически выраженной депрессией — OR 1,35, ДИ: [1,16-1,57] (р&lt;0,001) и OR 1,28, ДИ: [1,03-1,6] (р=0,027), соответственно, как и у женщин — OR 1,36, ДИ: [1,22-1,52] (р&lt;0,0001) и OR 1,47, ДИ: [1,27-1,7] (р&lt;0,001), соответственно. Среди лиц с субклинически выраженной депрессией отмечается увеличение потребления переработанной продукции (солений у мужчин и мясоколбасных изделий у женщин) (р&lt;0,05). С нарастанием депрессии у лиц обоего пола снижается потребление алкоголя как по частоте, так и по количеству потребления.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Характер питания лиц с депрессией имеет выраженные отличия от здоровых. Лица с депрессией реже в ежедневный рацион включают животные продукты (красное мясо, рыбу, птицу, молочные продукты), овощи/фрукты и сладости, но чаще потребляют переработанные продукты с высоким содержанием соли и калорий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the associations between depression and dietary pat­terns, including alcohol consumption, in the Russian population.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Representative samples of men and women aged 25-64 (n=22217, 8519 men, 13698 women) from 13 Russian regions were surveyed. The response rate was approximately 80%. Dietary patterns were assessed based on the consumption rate of key food groups. Depression was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), with the following criteria: 0-7 — no depression, 8-10 — subclinical depression, and ≥11 — clinical depression. Results are presented as percentages, odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Depression in both men and women reduces the consumption of natural foods. Men and women, regardless of depression severity, reduce their consumption of dairy products, as well as vegetables and fruits (p&lt;0,05). Men and women with clinically significant depression reduce their red meat consumption (OR 0,78, CI: [0,63-0,97] (p=0,0283) and OR 0,76, CI: [0,65-0,88] (p=0,0004), respectively). Wo­men with clinically significant depression consume sweets less often in their diet than healthy women (OR 0,84, CI: [0,73-0,97] (p=0,018)). Excessive salt intake is more common in the diet of individuals with depression than in healthy ones. A higher frequency of adding extra salt to food was observed in men (OR 1,35, CI: [1,16-1,57] (p&lt;0,001) and OR 1,28, CI: [1,03-1,6] (p=0,027)) and women (OR 1,36, CI: [1,22-1,52] (p&lt;0,0001) and OR 1,47, CI: [1,27-1,7] (p&lt;0,001)) with subclinical and clinical depression, respectively. Among individuals with subclinical depression, an increase in the consumption of processed foods (pickles in men and meat and sausage products in women) was noted (p&lt;0,05). As depression worsened in individuals of both sexes, alcohol consumption decreased both in frequency and quantity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The dietary patterns of individuals with depression significantly differ from those of healthy individuals. Individuals with depression are less likely to include animal products (red meat, fish, poultry, dairy products), vegetables/fruits, and sweets in their daily diet, but are more likely to consume processed foods high in salt and calories.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>характер питания</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>привычки питания</kwd><kwd>потребление соли</kwd><kwd>потребление алкоголя</kwd><kwd>психологические факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diet</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>eating habits</kwd><kwd>salt intake</kwd><kwd>alcohol consumption</kwd><kwd>mental risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akbaraly TN, Sabia S, Shipley MJ, et al. Adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and future depressive symptoms: evidence for sex differentials in the Whitehall II study. 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