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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2026-4574</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TDWGJN</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-4574</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гиперлипопротеидемия(а) и низкомолекулярный фенотип апобелка(а) у пациентов с атеросклеротическими сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями и их осложнениями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hyperlipoprotein(a) and the low-molecular-weight apoprotein(a) phenotype in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their complications</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-9343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тмоян</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tmoyan</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нарек Арамаисович Тмоян — к.м.н., н.с. лаборатории нарушений липидного обмена отдела проблем атеросклероза.</p><p>Ул. Академика Чазова, д. 15А, Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician Chazov str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n@ntmoyan.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8909-8662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьева</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasyeva</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Ильинична Афанасьева — д.б.н., в.н.с. лаборатории проблем атеросклероза.</p><p>Ул. Академика Чазова, д. 15А, Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician Chazov str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afanasieva.cardio@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1518-6552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ежов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yezhov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марат Владиславович Ежов — д.м.н., г.н.с. лаборатории нарушений липидного обмена отдела проблем атеросклероза.</p><p>Ул. Академика Чазова, д. 15А, Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician Chazov str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marat_ezhov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-2487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Вячеславовна Тюрина — к.м.н., м.н.с. лаборатории нарушений липидного обмена отдела проблем атеросклероза.</p><p>Ул. Академика Чазова, д. 15А, Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician Chazov str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.tyurina.cardio@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-3805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьева</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasyeva</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Ильинична Афанасьева — н.с. лаборатории проблем атеросклероза.</p><p>Ул. Академика Чазова, д. 15А, Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician Chazov str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afanasolg@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0682-8699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клесарева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klesareva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Клесарева — к.т.н., н.с. лаборатории проблем атеросклероза.</p><p>Ул. Академика Чазова, д. 15А, Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician Chazov str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hea@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-2529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Razova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксана Андреевна Разова — н.с. лаборатории проблем атеросклероза.</p><p>Ул. Академика Чазова, д. 15А, Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician Chazov str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">razova1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5944-6427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покровский</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokrovsky</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Николаевич Покровский — д.б.н., профессор, г.н.с. лаборатории проблем атеросклероза.</p><p>Ул. Академика Чазова, д. 15А, Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician Chazov str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.pokrovsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. акад. Е.И. Чазова" Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>4574</fpage><lpage>4574</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тмоян Н.А., Афанасьева О.И., Ежов М.В., Тюрина А.В., Афанасьева М.И., Клесарева Е.А., Разова О.А., Покровский С.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тмоян Н.А., Афанасьева О.И., Ежов М.В., Тюрина А.В., Афанасьева М.И., Клесарева Е.А., Разова О.А., Покровский С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tmoyan N.A., Afanasyeva O.I., Yezhov M.V., Tyurina A.V., Afanasyeva M.I., Klesareva E.A., Razova O.A., Pokrovsky S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4574">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4574</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение связи липопротеина(а) [Лп(а)] и фенотипов апобелка(а) [апо(а)] с наличием атеросклероза разной локализации и сердечно-сосудистыми осложнениями в анамнезе.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В одномоментное одноцентровое исследование включены 819 пациентов &gt;18 лет с имеющимися данными инструментального обследования коронарных, сонных артерий и артерий нижних конечностей (АНК). Атеросклероз считали значимым при наличии бляшки, сужающей просвет хотя бы одной магистральной артерии более чем на 50% по диаметру по данным дуплексного сканирования сонных артерий, АНК, коронарографии. Пациенты были разделены на 4 группы в зависимости от уровня Лп(а) и фенотипа апо(а): группа 1 — Лп(а) &lt;30 мг/дл и высокомолекулярный фенотип апо(а) (n=314), группа 2 — Лп(а) &lt;30 мг/дл и низкомолекулярный фенотип (НМФ) апо(а) (n=122), группа 3 — Лп(а) ≥30 мг/дл и высокомолекулярный фенотип апо(а) (n=126), группа 4 — Лп(а) ≥30 мг/дл и НМФ апо(а) (n=257). В сыворотке крови всех пациентов были определены концентрации липидов, Лп(а) и проведено фенотипирование апо(а).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследуемые группы были сопоставимы по возрасту и полу. В исследованной выборке по мере увеличения концентрации Лп(а) и наличия НМФ апо(а) от группы 1 до группы 4 доля лиц без значимого атеросклероза снижалась — 58, 36, 29 и 20%, соответственно, а частота мультифокального атеросклероза нарастала — 16, 34, 44 и 45%, соответственно. НМФ апо(а) при Лп(а) &lt;30 мг/дл (группа 2) ассоциировался с наличием мультифокального атеросклероза с отношением шансов (OR — odds ratio) 2,6; 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ): 1,6-4,3 (p&lt;0,01), тогда как гиперлипопротеидемия(а) (концентрация Лп(а) ≥30 мг/дл) ассоциировалась с 4-кратным увеличением шанса наличия мультифокального атеросклероза (группы 3 и 4) при сравнении с группой 1 — OR 4,0; 95% ДИ: 2,5-6,4 (p&lt;0,01) и OR 4,0; 95% ДИ: 2,7-5,9) (p&lt;0,01), соответственно. Независимая ассоциация уровня Лп(а) и НМФ апо(а) с атеросклеротическими сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями и перенесенным инфарктом миокарда (ИМ) подтверждена по данным логистического регрессионного анализа с включением в модель возраста, пола, артериальной гипертонии, сахарного диабета 2 типа, статуса курения, ожирения. Шансы наличия коронарного, каротидного, мультифокального атеросклероза и ИМ в анамнезе были наивысшими при сочетании гиперлипопротеидемии(а) и НМФ апо(а): OR 4,5; 95% ДИ: 3,0-6,8 (p&lt;0,01), OR 3,5; 95% ДИ: 2,2-5,6 (p&lt;0,01), OR 10,9; 95% ДИ: 5,8-20,5 (p&lt;0,01), OR 2,9; 95% ДИ: 2,0-4,2 (p&lt;0,01), соответственно. Значимой связи между уровнем Лп(а), НМФ апо(а) с ишемическим инсультом в анамнезе выявлено не было.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Гиперлипопротеидемия(а) и НМФ апо(а) ассоциированы со значимым атеросклерозом коронарных, сонных артерий и АНК, с наличием изолированного и мультифокального атеросклероза и перенесенным ИМ независимо ни от классических факторов риска, ни друг от друга. Выявлена ассоциация НМФ апо(а) с атеросклеротическими сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями и перенесенным ИМ, но не с ишемическим инсультом независимо от уровня Лп(а).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the association between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and apoprotein(a) [apo(a)] phenotypes with atherosclerosis of various locations and a history of cardiovascular events.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This cross-sectional, single-center study included 819 patients over 18 years of age with available paraclinical data on the coronary, carotid, and lower extremity arteries (LEA). Atherosclerosis was considered significant with stenosis of at least one main artery by more than 50%, as determined by carotid duplex ultrasound, LEA, and coronary angiography. Patients were divided into 4 following groups depending on their Lp(a) level and apo(a) phenotype: group 1 — Lp(a) &lt;30 mg/dL and high-molecular-weight apo(a) phenotype (n=314); group 2 — Lp(a) &lt;30 mg/dL and low-molecular-weight (LMW) apo(a) phenotype (n=122); group 3 — Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL and high-molecularweight apo(a) phenotype (n=126); group 4 — Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL and LMW apo(a) (n=257). In all patients, serum lipid and Lp(a) concentrations were determined, and apo(a) phenotyping was performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study groups were comparable by age and sex. In the studied sample, as the concentration of Lp(a) and LMW apo(a) increased from group 1 to group 4, the proportion of individuals without significant atherosclerosis decreased (58, 36, 29 and 20%, respectively), and multifocal atherosclerosis incidence increased (16, 34, 44 and 45%, respectively). LMW apo(a) with Lp(a) &lt;30 mg/dl (group 2) was associated with multifocal atherosclerosis with an odds ratio (OR) of 2,6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1,6-4,3 (p&lt;0,01)), while hyperlipoproteinemia(a) (Lp(a) concentration ≥30 mg/dL) was associated with a 4-fold increase in the odds of multifocal atherosclerosis (groups 3 and 4) when compared with group 1 — OR 4,0; 95% CI: 2,5-6,4 (p&lt;0,01) and OR 4,0; 95% CI: 2,7-5,9 (p&lt;0,01), respectively. Independent association of Lp(a) and LMW apo(a) levels with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and history of myocardial infarction (MI) was confirmed by logistic regression analysis including age, sex, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, smoking status, and obesity in the model. The odds of coronary, carotid, and multifocal atherosclerosis and history of MI were highest with a combination of hyperlipoproteinemia(a) and LMW apo(a) as follows: OR 4,5; 95% CI: 3,0-6,8 (p&lt;0,01), OR 3,5; 95% CI: 2,2-5,6 (p&lt;0,01), OR 10,9; 95% CI: 5,8-20,5 (p&lt;0,01), OR 2,9; 95% CI: 2,0-4,2 (p&lt;0,01), respectively. No significant association was found between Lp(a) and LMW apo(a) levels with a history of ischemic stroke.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Hyperlipoproteinemia(a) and LMW apo(a) are associated with significant coronary, carotid and LEA atherosclerosis, with isolated and multifocal atherosclerosis and a history of MI, independent of both conventional risk factors and each other. LMW apo(a) was associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and a history of MI, but not with ischemic stroke, regardless of Lp(a) levels.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>липопротеид(а)</kwd><kwd>фенотип апобелка(а)</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистое заболевание</kwd><kwd>коронарный атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>каротидный атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз артерий нижних конечностей</kwd><kwd>периферический атеросклероз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lipoprotein(a)</kwd><kwd>apoprotein(a) phenotype</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>coronary atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>carotid atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>lower extremity artery atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>peripheral atherosclerosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афанасьева О. И., Арефьева Т. И., Тюрина А. В. и др. 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