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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2025-4597</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CUZOEV</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-4597</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ инделов без сдвига рамки считывания в белках, ассоциированных с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of inframe indels in cardiovascular disease-­associated proteins</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-9509</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раменский</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramenskiy</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раменский Василий Евгеньевич — к.ф.м.н., доцент, руководитель лаборатории геномной и медицинской биоинформатики, в.н.с., руководитель научной группы "ИИ в биоинформатике и медицине" Института перспективных исследований проблем искусственного интеллекта и интеллектуальных систем, факультет биоинженерии и биоинформатики</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр.3, Москва, 101990, </p><p>Ленинские горы, д.1, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990, </p><p>Leninskie gory, 1, Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ramensky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-9811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайченока</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaychenoka</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайченока Мария — аспирант</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр.3, Москва, 101990, </p><p>Институтский переулок, д. 9, г. Долгопрудный, Московская область, 141701</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990,</p><p>Institutsky Ln., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, 141701</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marija.zaicenoka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4765-8021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киселева Анна Витальевна — к.б.н., руководитель лаборатории молекулярной генетики, в.н.с.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр.3, Москва, 10199</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sanyutabe@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5932-1744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Букаева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukaeva</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Букаева Анна Александровна — н.с. лаборатории клиномики</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр.3, Москва, 10199</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annbukaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-0760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ершова Александра Игоревна — д.м.н., руководитель лаборатории клиномики, зам. директора по фундаментальной науке</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр.3, Москва, 10199</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alersh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-6233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мешков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshkov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мешков Алексей Николаевич — д.м.н., руководитель Института персонализированной терапии и профилактики</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр.3, Москва, 10199</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ANMeshkov@cardio.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Драпкина Оксана Михайловна — д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр.3, Москва, 10199</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ODrapkina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО "Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова"</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine;&#13;
Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО "Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)"</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine;&#13;
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>4597</fpage><lpage>4597</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Раменский В.Е., Зайченока М., Киселева А.В., Букаева А.А., Ершова А.И., Мешков А.Н., Драпкина О.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Раменский В.Е., Зайченока М., Киселева А.В., Букаева А.А., Ершова А.И., Мешков А.Н., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ramenskiy V.E., Zaychenoka M., Kiseleva A.V., Bukaeva А.А., Ershova A.I., Meshkov A.N., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4597">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4597</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Описание распространенности и локализации, а также патогенности и пенетрантности инделов без сдвига рамки считывания в клинически значимых генах, ассоциированных с сердечнососудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Использовались базы данных ClinVar, dbSNP, а также результаты секвенирования образцов из различных российских когорт. Аннотация вариантов генома проводилась с помощью программы ENSEMBL VEP.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Отобраны 42 гена, ассоциированные с 22 ССЗ, проанализированы описанные в базе ClinVar инделы в генах из этой выборки. Наблюдается большой разброс числа инделов в этих генах и их распределения по типам клинической значимости. Инделы значительно менее распространены, но при этом более патогенны, чем несинонимичные варианты (миссенсы). В случае кардиомиопатий, миопатий и сосудистых заболеваний инделы, как каузальные варианты, наиболее редки, а в случае аритмий и гиперхолестеринемии, напротив, встречаются чаще. Показано, что патогенные инделы редко наблюдаются в повторах последовательности или в участках низкой сложности, а доброкачественные инделы реже попадают в участки последовательности, аннотированные как функциональные домены Pfam. На основе анализа &gt;6800 секвенированных образцов из различных российских когорт был сделан вывод о достаточно высокой пенетрантности исследованных патогенных инделов, описаны потенциально специфичные для российской популяции примеры патогенных инделов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Впервые систематически описаны свойства определенного типа вариантов генома — инделов без сдвига рамки считывания — в ключевых генах ССЗ. Полученные результаты подчеркивают клиническую важность инделов в белках с точки зрения их каузальности и пенетрантности, несмотря на их меньшую распространенность по сравнению с несинонимичными вариантами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To describe the prevalence, location, pathogenicity, and penetrance of inframe indels in clinically significant genes associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. We used the ClinVar and dbSNP databases, as well as sequencing data from samples from various Russian cohorts. Genome variant annotation was performed using the ENSEMBL VEP program.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Forty-two genes associated with 22 CVDs were selected, and indels in the genes from this sample, described in the ClinVar database, were analyzed. A wide range of indel numbers and their distribution by type of clinical significance was observed. Indels are significantly less common, but are more pathogenic than non-synonymous variants (missenses). Indels, as causal variants, are the rarest in cardiomyopathies, myopathies, and vascular diseases, while they are more common in arrhythmias and hypercholesterolemia. Pathogenic indels were shown to be rarely observed in sequence repeats or low-complexity regions, while benign indels were less frequently observed in sequence regions annotated as Pfam functional domains. Based on the analysis of &gt;6800 sequenced samples from various Russian cohorts, we revealed that the studied pathogenic indels have a relatively high penetrance. Examples of pathogenic indels potentially specific to the Russian population are described.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. For the first time, the characteristics of a certain type of genomic variant (inframe indels) in key CVD genes have been systematically described. The obtained results highlight the clinical importance of causality and penetrance of protein indels, despite their lower prevalence compared to nonsynonymous variants.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>варианты генома человека</kwd><kwd>инделы</kwd><kwd>сердечнососудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>пенетрантность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human genome variants</kwd><kwd>indels</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>penetrance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Государственное задание "Разработка модели предсказания пенетрантности и экспрессивности причинных вариантов наследственных моногенных заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы".</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">State assignment "Development of a Model for Predicting the Penetrance and Expressivity of Causal Variants in Hereditary Monogenic Cardiovascular Diseases"</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-­Diaz M, Kunkel TA. 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