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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2025-4612</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">IARDDT</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-4612</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КАРДИОРЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ успешности когнитивного тренинга в виртуальной реальности у пациентов после коронарного шунтирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Success analysis of virtual reality-­based cognitive training in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-8033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубникова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubnikova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., зав. лабораторией нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии.</p><p>б-р акад. Л.С. Барбараша, 6, Кемерово, 650002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acad. L.S. Barbarash blvd., 6, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgalet17@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-0170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Д.м.н., в.н.с. лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии.</p><p>б-р акад. Л.С. Барбараша, 6, Кемерово, 650002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acad. L.S. Barbarash blvd., 6, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iriz78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6813-7017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кухарева</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukhareva</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., с.н.с. лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии.</p><p>б-р акад. Л.С. Барбараша, 6, Кемерово, 650002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acad. L.S. Barbarash blvd., 6, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ira-kukhareva77@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8908-2070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соснина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosnina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., н.с. лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии.</p><p>б-р акад. Л.С. Барбараша, 6, Кемерово, 650002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acad. L.S. Barbarash blvd., 6, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mamontova_1984@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0381-5742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Темникова</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Temnikova</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>М.н.с. лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии отдела клинической кардиологии.</p><p>б-р акад. Л.С. Барбараша, 6, Кемерово, 650002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acad. L.S. Barbarash blvd., 6, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.13.ermakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0500-2449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбатовская</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbatovskaya</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>К.м.н., м.н.с. лаборатории исследований гомеостаза отдела экспериментальной медицины.</p><p>б-р акад. Л.С. Барбараша, 6, Кемерово, 650002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acad. L.S. Barbarash blvd., 6, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eugenia.tarasowa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ "Научно-­исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-­сосудистых заболеваний"</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>4612</fpage><lpage>4612</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трубникова О.А., Тарасова И.В., Кухарева И.Н., Соснина А.С., Темникова Т.Б., Горбатовская Е.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трубникова О.А., Тарасова И.В., Кухарева И.Н., Соснина А.С., Темникова Т.Б., Горбатовская Е.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trubnikova O.A., Tarasova I.V., Kukhareva I.N., Sosnina A.S., Temnikova T.B., Gorbatovskaya E.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4612">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4612</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Анализ успешности проведения мультизадачного когнитивного тренинга в виртуальной реальности (МКТ-ВР) у пациентов, перенесших коронарное шунтирование (КШ) в условиях искусственного кровообращения (ИК), на основе оценки нейропсихологических и нейрохимических показателей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В выборочное проспективное исследование были включены 49 пациентов-­мужчин в возрасте от 45 до 75 лет, перенесших КШ в условиях ИК и с наличием ранней послеоперационной когнитивной дисфункции (ПОКД). Начиная с 3-4 сут. после КШ, им проводились ежедневные сеансы МКТ-ВР (среднее количество тренировок составило 6,7). Всем пациентам, помимо стандартного периоперационного обследования, было проведено психометрическое тестирование, определение концентраций маркеров нейроваскулярной единицы (НВЕ) — нейронспецифическая енолаза (NSE), белок S100β, нейротрофический фактор мозга (BDNF).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что успех курса МКТ-ВР составил 43%; у 21 пациента из 49 на 11-12 сут. после КШ не выявлена ПОКД согласно установленным критериям. У пациентов с успешным МКТ-ВР улучшение наблюдалось по показателям внимания (p=0,034) и кратковременной памяти (p=0,016) по сравнению с пациентами с неуспешным тренингом в раннем послеоперационном периоде КШ. У пациентов с успешным МКТ-ВР концентрации BDNF в периферической крови до операции (p=0,029) и на 1-2 сут. после КШ (p=0,04) были значимо выше по сравнению с пациентами с неуспешным тренингом. Установлены факторы, определяющие уровень комплексного индикатора домена нейродинамики на фоне проведения МКТ-ВР — уровень образования, толщина комплекса интима-­медиа, возраст пациента, количество тренингов и концентрации белка S100β на 1 сут. после операции (R²=0,38, F (5,43)=8,32, p&lt;0,001); домена внимания — возраст пациента, уровень образования, исходные концентрации BDNF, исходные и на 1 сут. КШ концентрации белка S100β в периферической крови, количество баллов по Монреальской шкале оценки когнитивных функций (MoCA) (R²=0,52, F (6,42)=10,76, p&lt;0,001); домена кратковременной памяти — возраст пациента, исходные концентрации BDNF, NSE и глюкозы (R²=0,37, F (4,45)=10,15, p&lt;0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты проведенного исследования продемонстрировали, что применение МКТ-ВР оптимизирует показатели внимания и кратковременной памяти у пациентов с ранней ПОКД в послеоперационном периоде КШ в условиях ИК. Негативными факторами, определяющими состояние когнитивного статуса после прохождения МКТ-ВР, являются возраст пациента, низкий уровень образования и исходное состояние когнитивных функций, тогда как протективными факторами — периоперационные высокие концентрации BDNF и низкие концентрации маркеров повреждения головного мозга в периферической крови.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyze the success of virtual reality-­based multitask cognitive training (VR-MCT) in patients who underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), based on an assessment of neuropsychological and neurochemical parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This prospective study included 49 male patients aged 45 to 75 years who underwent on-pump CABG and had early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Beginning 3-4 days after CABG, patients underwent daily VR-MCT (mean session count — 6,7). In addition to the standard perioperative examination, all patients underwent psychometric testing and determination of neurovascular unit (NVU) markers — neuron-­specific enolase (NSE), S100β protein, and brain-­derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The success rate of VR-MCT course was 43%; 21 of 49 patients did not show POCD according to the established criteria at 11-12 days after CABG. Patients with successful VR-MCT showed improvements in attention (p=0,034) and short-term memory (p=0,016) compared with patients with unsuccessful training in the early postoperative period. In patients with successful VR-MCT, peripheral blood BDNF levels before surgery (p=0,029) and 1-2 days after CABG (p=0,04) were significantly higher compared to patients with unsuccessful training. We established factors specifying the complex indicator of the neurodynamics domain in VR-MCT — educational level, intima-­media thickness, patient age, number of trainings and S100β protein level on day 1 after surgery (R2=0,38, F (5,43)=8,32, p&lt;0,001); the attention domain — patient age, educational level, initial BDNF concentrations, both at the first day and on the first day. Peripheral blood S100β protein concentration and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were assessed (R2=0,52, F (6,42)=10,76, p&lt;0,001); for the short-term memory domain, the patient's age and baseline BDNF, NSE, and glucose concentrations were assessed (R2=0,37, F (4,45)=10,15, p&lt;0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study results demonstrated that VR-MCT optimizes attention and short-term memory performance in patients with early POCD after on-pump CABG. Negative factors specifying cognitive status after VR-MCT include patient age, low education level, and ba­seline cognitive function, while protective factors include high pe­ri­operative BDNF concentrations and low peripheral blood con­cen­tra­tions of brain damage markers.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>когнитивный тренинг</kwd><kwd>виртуальная реальность</kwd><kwd>коронарное шунтирование</kwd><kwd>маркеры нейроваскулярной единицы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>postoperative cognitive dysfunction</kwd><kwd>cognitive training</kwd><kwd>vir­tual reality</kwd><kwd>coronary artery bypass grafting</kwd><kwd>neurovascular unit mar­kers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-15-00379 (https://rscf.ru/project/23-15-00379/).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by grant № 23-15-00379 from the Russian Science Foundation (https://rscf.ru/project/23-15-00379/).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhushan S, Li Y, Huang X, et al. 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