<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2025-4686</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">JHSAPM</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-4686</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГИСТРЫ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDIES AND REGISTERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика биологического возраста и ассоциированных биомаркеров в условиях комплексной геропротективной интервенции: результаты проспективного наблюдения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Changes of biological age and related biomarkers in the context of a comprehensive geroprotective intervention: results of a prospective follow-up</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-2615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильмутдинова</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilmutdinova</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гильмутдинова Ильмира Ринатовна — к.м.н., в.н.с. института регенеративной и трансляционной медицины</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gilm.ilmira@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-1895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бернс</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berns</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бернс Светлана Александровна — д.м.н., профессор, руководитель отдела изучения патогенетических аспектов старения, зав. кафедрой терапии и общей врачебной практики с курсом гастроэнтерологии института профессионального образования и аккредитации</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svberns@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-1015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веремеев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veremeev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Веремеев Алексей Владимирович — к.м.н., советник директора</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al.veremeev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0068-8071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савичева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savicheva</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савичева Алена Алексеевна — аспирант отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alyona.sawi4ewa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-0716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исайкина</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaykina</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исайкина Олеся Юрьевна — к.м.н., в.н.с. лаборатории применения амбулаторных диагностических методов в профилактике хронических неинфекционных заболеваний</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oisaykina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9332-0622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имаева</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imaeva</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Имаева Асия Эмверовна — д.м.н., в.н.с. отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AImaeva@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8011-2798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баланова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balanova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баланова Юлия Андреевна — д.м.н., в.н.с. отдела эпидемиологии хронических неинфекционных заболеваний</p><p>Петроверигский пер., д. 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">JBalanova@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>4686</fpage><lpage>4686</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гильмутдинова И.Р., Бернс С.А., Веремеев А.В., Савичева А.А., Исайкина О.Ю., Имаева А.Э., Баланова Ю.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гильмутдинова И.Р., Бернс С.А., Веремеев А.В., Савичева А.А., Исайкина О.Ю., Имаева А.Э., Баланова Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gilmutdinova I.R., Berns S.A., Veremeev A.V., Savicheva А.А., Isaykina O.Y., Imaeva A.E., Balanova Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4686">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4686</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить динамику PhenoAge и биомаркеров у лиц зрелого возраста на фоне 6-мес. программы коррекции образа жизни. Объективная оценка старения и эффективности геропротективных вмешательств — важная задача превентивной медицины. Фенотипический возраст (PhenoAge) — перспективный инструмент оценки биологического возраста.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В проспективное исследование включена когорта из 100 человек 35-55 лет. Все участники прошли комплексную программу, включавшую коррекцию питания, физическую активность и стресс-менеджмент. Оценка проводилась на исходном визите, через 3 и 6 мес. Биологический возраст определяли с помощью калькулятора PhenoAge (Levine ME, et al., 2018). Для анализа когорту стратифицировали на квартили по исходному PhenoAge. Использовали непараметрические методы статистики с поправкой Бонферрони.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. За 6 мес. наблюдения выявлено статистически значимое снижение PhenoAge, наиболее выраженное в группах с исходно высокими значениями (Q3, Q4). В Q4 снижение составило -6,73% (p&lt;0,001). Акселерация старения также значимо уменьшилась. Динамика PhenoAge ассоциировалась со снижением уровня С-реактивного белка, повышением альбумина и нормализацией гематологических показателей. В группе с низким исходным PhenoAge (Q1) значимых изменений не отмечено.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Комплексная программа коррекции образа жизни значимо снижает биологический возраст, особенно у лиц с ускоренным старением. Эффект связан с модуляцией маркеров воспаления и нутритивного статуса, что подтверждает целесообразность скрининга биологического возраста для персонализации профилактики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the PhenoAge and biomarkers’ changes in older adults during a 6-month lifestyle modification program. Objective evaluation of aging and the effectiveness of geroprotective interventions is an important task in preventive medicine. Phenotypic age (PhenoAge) is a promising tool for assessing biological age.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The prospective study included a cohort of 100 individuals aged 35-55 years. All participants completed a comprehensive program including diet modification, physical activity, and stress management. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Biological age was determined using the PhenoAge calculator (Levine ME, et al., 2018). For analysis, the cohort was stratified into quartiles by baseline PhenoAge. Nonparametric statistical methods with a Bonferroni correction were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Over 6 months of follow-up, a significant decrease in PhenoAge was observed, most pronounced in the groups with high baseline values (Q3, Q4). In Q4, the decrease was -6,73% (p&lt;0,001). Acceleration of aging also significantly decreased. PhenoAge changes were associated with a decrease in C-reactive protein levels, an increase in albumin, and the normalization of hematological parameters. No significant changes were observed in the group with low baseline PhenoAge (Q1).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A comprehensive lifestyle modification program significantly reduces biological age, especially in individuals with accelerated aging. The effect is associated with modulation of inflammatory markers and nutritional status, rationalizing biological age screening for personalized prevention.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биологический возраст</kwd><kwd>фенотипический возраст</kwd><kwd>PhenoAge</kwd><kwd>геропротекция</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры старения</kwd><kwd>превентивная медицина</kwd><kwd>образ жизни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biological age</kwd><kwd>phenotypic age</kwd><kwd>PhenoAge</kwd><kwd>geroprotection</kwd><kwd>aging biomarkers</kwd><kwd>preventive medicine</kwd><kwd>lifestyle</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания № 124013100888-0 "Разработка экспертной системы оценки "успешного старения" населения РФ, с учетом психологического и физического состояния здоровья в качестве инструмента прогнозирования популяционного и индивидуального риска"</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out within the State Assignment № 124013100888-0 "Development of an expert system for assessing the 'successful aging' of the Russian population, taking into account mental and physical health as a tool for predicting population and individual risk"</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">López-­Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, et al. The hallmarks of aging. Cell. 2013;153(6):1194-217. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">López-­Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, et al. The hallmarks of aging. Cell. 2013;153(6):1194-217. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jylhävä J, Pedersen NL, Hägg S. Biological Age Predictors. EBio­Medicine. 2017;21:29-36. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jylhävä J, Pedersen NL, Hägg S. Biological Age Predictors. EBio­Medicine. 2017;21:29-36. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belsky DW, Caspi A, Houts R, et al. Quantification of bio­logical aging in young adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(30): E4104-10. doi:10.1073/pnas.1506264112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belsky DW, Caspi A, Houts R, et al. Quantification of bio­logical aging in young adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(30): E4104-10. doi:10.1073/pnas.1506264112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levine ME. Modeling the rate of senescence: can estima­ted biological age predict mortality more accurately than chronological age? J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68(6): 667-74. doi:10.1093/gerona/gls233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levine ME. Modeling the rate of senescence: can estima­ted biological age predict mortality more accurately than chronological age? J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68(6): 667-74. doi:10.1093/gerona/gls233.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levine ME, Lu AT, Quach A, et al. An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY). 2018; 10(4):573-91. doi:10.18632/aging.101414.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levine ME, Lu AT, Quach A, et al. An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY). 2018; 10(4):573-91. doi:10.18632/aging.101414.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Z, Kuo PL, Horvath S, et al. A new aging measure captures morbidity and mortality risk across diverse subpopulations from NHANES IV: A cohort study. PLoS Med. 2018;15(12):e1002718. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002718.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Z, Kuo PL, Horvath S, et al. A new aging measure captures morbidity and mortality risk across diverse subpopulations from NHANES IV: A cohort study. PLoS Med. 2018;15(12):e1002718. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002718.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Longo VD, Antebi A, Bartke A, et al. Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready? Aging Cell. 2015;14(4):497-510. doi:10.1111/acel.12338.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Longo VD, Antebi A, Bartke A, et al. Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready? Aging Cell. 2015;14(4):497-510. doi:10.1111/acel.12338.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kennedy BK, Berger SL, Brunet A, et al. Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease. Cell. 2014;159(4):709-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kennedy BK, Berger SL, Brunet A, et al. Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease. Cell. 2014;159(4):709-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fontana L, Partridge L, Longo VD. Extending healthy life span–from yeast to humans. Science. 2010;328(5976):321-6. doi:10.1126/science.1172539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fontana L, Partridge L, Longo VD. Extending healthy life span–from yeast to humans. Science. 2010;328(5976):321-6. doi:10.1126/science.1172539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Couteur DG, Solon-­Biet S, Cogger VC, et al. The impact of low-protein high-carbohydrate diets on aging and lifespan. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016;73(6):1237-52. doi:10.1007/s00018-015-2120-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Couteur DG, Solon-­Biet S, Cogger VC, et al. The impact of low-protein high-carbohydrate diets on aging and lifespan. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016;73(6):1237-52. doi:10.1007/s00018-015-2120-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma X, Yue ZQ, Gong ZQ, et al. The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Attention, Negative Affect and Stress in Healthy Adults. Front Psychol. 2017;8:874. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00874.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma X, Yue ZQ, Gong ZQ, et al. The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Attention, Negative Affect and Stress in Healthy Adults. Front Psychol. 2017;8:874. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00874.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofmann SG, Asnaani A, Vonk IJ, et al. The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. Cognit Ther Res. 2012;36(5):427-40. doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofmann SG, Asnaani A, Vonk IJ, et al. The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. Cognit Ther Res. 2012;36(5):427-40. doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garin O. Ceiling Effect. In: Michalos, A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-­Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garin O. Ceiling Effect. In: Michalos, A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-­Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_296.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Parini P, et al. Inflammaging: a new im­mune-­metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. Nat Rev En­do­crinol. 2018;14(10):576-90. doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Parini P, et al. Inflammaging: a new im­mune-­metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. Nat Rev En­do­crinol. 2018;14(10):576-90. doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(12):1805-12. doi:10.1172/JCI18921.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(12):1805-12. doi:10.1172/JCI18921.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fanali G, di Masi A, Trezza V, et al. Human serum albumin: from bench to bedside. Mol Aspects Med. 2012;33(3):209-90. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2011.12.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fanali G, di Masi A, Trezza V, et al. Human serum albumin: from bench to bedside. Mol Aspects Med. 2012;33(3):209-90. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2011.12.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pawelec G. Age and immunity: What is "immunosenescence"? Exp Gerontol. 2018;105:4-9. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pawelec G. Age and immunity: What is "immunosenescence"? Exp Gerontol. 2018;105:4-9. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">You T, Arsenis NC, Disanzo BL, et al. Effects of exercise trai­ning on chronic inflammation in obesity: current evidence and potential mechanisms. Sports Med. 2013;43(4):243-56. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0023-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">You T, Arsenis NC, Disanzo BL, et al. Effects of exercise trai­ning on chronic inflammation in obesity: current evidence and potential mechanisms. Sports Med. 2013;43(4):243-56. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0023-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li N, Zhou H, Tang Q. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width: A Novel Predictive Indicator for Cardiovascular and Cere­bro­vas­cular Diseases. Dis Markers. 2017;2017:7089493. doi:10.1155/2017/7089493.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li N, Zhou H, Tang Q. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width: A Novel Predictive Indicator for Cardiovascular and Cere­bro­vas­cular Diseases. Dis Markers. 2017;2017:7089493. doi:10.1155/2017/7089493.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edvardsson M, Heenkenda MK. Precision Medicine: Perso­na­lizing Healthcare by Bridging Aging, Genetics, and Global Di­versity. Healthcare (Basel). 2025;13(13):1529. doi:10.3390/healthcare13131529.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edvardsson M, Heenkenda MK. Precision Medicine: Perso­na­lizing Healthcare by Bridging Aging, Genetics, and Global Di­versity. Healthcare (Basel). 2025;13(13):1529. doi:10.3390/healthcare13131529.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
