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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2026-4731</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BIOCQA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-4731</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КАРДИОРЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тренировки дыхательной мускулатуры с помощью комплекса упражнений и дыхательных тренажеров у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Результаты рандомизированного клинического исследования Аэрофит-Спиро</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Respiratory muscle training with a set of exercises and respiratory exercisers in patients with heart failure: results of the Aerofit-Spiro randomized clinical trial</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-6081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беграмбекова</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Begrambekova</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Леоновна Беграмбекова — к.м.н., доцент, в.н.с. отдела возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний, доцент кафедры терапии факультета фундаментальной медицины </p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leninskiye Gory, 1, Moscow, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">julia.begrambekova@ampk.info</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-3670</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каранадзе</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karanadze</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н. врач-кардиолог, н.с. отдела возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний </p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, Москва, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.karanadze@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-2078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Середенина</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seredenina</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, заведующий отделением терапии, доцент кафедры терапии факультета фундаментальной медицины </p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leninskiye Gory, 1, Moscow, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.m.seredenina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-4712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плисюк</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plisyuk</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, с.н.с. отдела возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний, доцент кафедры терапии факультета фундаментальной медицины</p><p>Ленинские горы, д. 1, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leninskiye Gory, 1, Moscow, 119234</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apl.cardio@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО "Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова"</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4731</fpage><lpage>4731</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беграмбекова Ю.Л., Каранадзе Н.А., Середенина Е.М., Плисюк А.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беграмбекова Ю.Л., Каранадзе Н.А., Середенина Е.М., Плисюк А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Begrambekova Y.L., Karanadze N.A., Seredenina E.M., Plisyuk A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4731">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4731</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сравнение эффективности, безопасности и уровня приверженности к тренировкам дыхательной мускулатуры (ДМ) с помощью комплекса дыхательных упражнений и с помощью дыхательных тренажеров (ДТр) пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью (ХСН).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В проспективное рандомизированное исследование было включено 32 пациента с ХСН с любой фракцией выброса, II-III функциональным классом и жалобами на одышку при физической нагрузке. Пациенты были рандомизированы в группу тренировок ДМ с помощью комплекса дыхательных упражнений (группа А) и с помощью ДТр (группа Б). Оценивали динамику пикового потребления кислорода, показателя дыхательной эффективности VE/fVCO2, VCO2 на пике нагрузки % референса и дыхательного объема (VT) % от референса, силы ДМ и теста с 6-минутной ходьбой, количества нежелательных явлений.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Динамика пикового потребления кислорода между визитами составила 2,22±2,8 мл/кг/мин (p&lt;0,001) и 1,21±1,97 мл/кг/мин (p=0,032) в группах А и Б, соответственно; динамика дистанции теста с 6-минутной ходьбой 33,75±32,27 м (p=0,01) и 28±22,10 м (p&lt;0,001) в группах А и Б, соответственно. Различия между группами не достигли статистической значимости. Выраженный эффект наблюдался в отношении силы ДМ. Показатель биомеханики дыхания (% дыхательного объема от референса) демонстрировал положительную клинически значимую динамику, однако различия не достигли статистической значимости.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Тренировки ДМ в домашних условиях с помощью ДУ и с помощью ДТр показали сопоставимую эффективность и приводили к клинически и статистически значимому увеличению переносимости физической нагрузки. Все пациенты отмечали улучшение общей двигательной активности и хорошую переносимость упражнений. Это позволяет рекомендовать оба вида тренировок ДМ в качестве доступного и эффективного компонента физической реабилитации пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To compare the efficacy, safety, and adherence to respiratory muscle training (RMT) using a set of exercises and respiratory exercisers (RE) in patients with heart failure (HF).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. This prospective, randomized study included 32 patients with class II-III HF of any ejection fraction and complaints of shortness of breath on exertion. Patients were randomized to a RMT group using a breathing exercise program (Group A) or a RE training group (Group B). The following changes were assessed: peak oxygen consumption, respiratory efficiency (VE/fVCO2), peak VCO2 (% of reference value), tidal volume (TV) (% of reference value), respiratory muscle strength and 6-minute walk test, and the number of adverse events.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The peak oxygen consumption changes between visits were 2,22±2,8 ml/kg/min (p&lt;0,001) and 1,21±1,97 ml/kg/min (p=0,032) in Groups A and B, respectively; the 6-minute walk test distance changes were 33,75±32,27 m (p=0,01) and 28±22,10 m (p&lt;0,001) in Groups A and B, respectively. Differences between groups did not reach statistical significance. A significant effect was observed in respiratory muscle strength. The respiratory biomechanics indicator (% of TV from reference value) demonstrated positive, clinically significant changes, but the differences did not reach statistical significance.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. RMT at home using a exercises and RE showed comparable effectiveness and led to a clinically and statistically significant increase in exercise tolerance. All patients noted an improvement in overall motor activity and good exercise tolerance. This allows us to recommend both RMT types as an accessible and effective component of patient physical rehabilitation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>дыхательная мускулатура</kwd><kwd>пиковое потребление кислорода</kwd><kwd>дыхательные тренажеры</kwd><kwd>дыхательные упражнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart failure</kwd><kwd>respiratory muscles</kwd><kwd>peak oxygen consumption</kwd><kwd>breathing simulators</kwd><kwd>respiratory exercises</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Московского государственного университета им. М. В. Ломоносова</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out as part of a state assignment from Lomonosov Moscow State University.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галявич А. С., Терещенко С. Н., Ускач Т. М. и др. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность. Клинические рекомендации 2024. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2024;29(11):6162. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2024-6162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galyavich AS, Tereshchenko SN, Uskach TM, et al. 2024 Clinical practice guidelines for Chronic heart failure. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2024;29(11):6162. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2024-6162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adamopoulos S, Schmid JP, Dendale P, et al. 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