<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cardiovascular</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1728-8800</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0125</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15829/1728-8800-2026-4887</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">OAZEKQ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cardiovascular-4887</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕРДЕЧНАЯ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEART FAILURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ассоциации биомаркеров хронического воспаления, программируемой клеточной гибели и ремоделирования миокарда с клинико-инструментальными характеристиками больных с острой декомпенсацией сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Associations of biomarkers of chronic inflammation, programmed cell death, and myocardial remodeling with clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-6713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофеев Юрий Сергеевич — к.м.н., руководитель лаборатории изучения биохимических маркеров риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний им. Н.В. Перовой.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy S. Timofeev.</p><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timofeev_lab@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8665-9129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Метельская</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Metelskaya</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Метельская Виктория Алексеевна — д.б.н., профессор, г.н.с. лаборатории изучения биохимических маркеров риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний им. Н.В. Перовой.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria A. Metelskaya.</p><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vmetelskaya@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2210-3177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубовская</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubovskaya</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дубовская Наталия Игоревна — лаборант-исследователь лаборатории изучения биохимических маркеров риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний им. Н.В. Перовой.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia I. Dubovskaya.</p><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ndubovskaya@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8993-7892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогожкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogozhkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рогожкина Елизавета Александровна — к.м.н., с.н.с. лаборатории кардиовизуализации, вегетативной регуляции и сомнологии.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta A. Rogozhkina.</p><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ERogozhkina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3933-5798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афаунова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afaunova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афаунова Алина Руслановна — аспирант, отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina R. Afaunova.</p><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afaunovaa@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-6499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калайджян</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalaidzhyan</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калайджян Елена Петровна — к.м.н., н.с. лаборатории фармако-эпидемиологических исследований отдела профилактической фармакотерапии.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena P. Kalaydzhyan.</p><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EKalaidzhian@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9463-5535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нешкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neshkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нешкова Елена Андреевна — к.б.н., доцент, н.с. лаборатории изучения биохимических маркеров риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний им. Н.В. Перовой.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Neshkova.</p><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Neshkovaelena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5384-3795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джиоева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhioeva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джиоева Ольга Николаевна — д.м.н., доцент, руководитель лаборатории, в.н.с. лаборатории кардиовизуализации, вегетативной регуляции и сомнологии отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Dzhioeva.</p><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ODzhioeva@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драпкина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drapkina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Драпкина Оксана Михайловна — д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, директор.</p><p>Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3, Москва, 101990</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana M. Drapkina.</p><p>Petroverigsky Lane, 10, bld. 3, Moscow, 101990</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">odrapkina@gnicpm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины" Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>4887</fpage><lpage>4887</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимофеев Ю.С., Метельская В.А., Дубовская Н.И., Рогожкина Е.А., Афаунова А.Р., Калайджян Е.П., Нешкова Е.А., Джиоева О.Н., Драпкина О.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимофеев Ю.С., Метельская В.А., Дубовская Н.И., Рогожкина Е.А., Афаунова А.Р., Калайджян Е.П., Нешкова Е.А., Джиоева О.Н., Драпкина О.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timofeev Y.S., Metelskaya V.A., Dubovskaya N.I., Rogozhkina E.A., Afaunova A.R., Kalaidzhyan E.P., Neshkova E.A., Dzhioeva O.N., Drapkina O.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4887">https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4887</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Провести анализ ассоциаций циркулирующих биомаркеров хронического воспаления, программируемой клеточной гибели, ремоделирования миокарда и клеточного стресса с клинико-инструментальными характеристиками больных с острой декомпенсацией сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса (ОДСНсФВ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование было включено 240 пациентов в возрасте от 47 до 96 лет, поступивших в стационар с диагнозом ОДСНСсФВ. Взятие крови проводилось до начала исследования, обработанная плазма и сыворотка крови хранились при -80 оС. Уровни биомаркеров в сыворотке крови определяли методами иммуноферментного, иммунохемилюминесцентного анализа, а также с применением спектрофотометрического метода на анализаторах Multiscan FC (Thermo, США), Maglumi 2000 (Snibe, Китай) и Lifotronic eCL8000 (Lifotronic, Китай), Shimadzu 1800 UV (Shimadzu, Япония).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлена статистически значимая ассоциация уровней лептина (отношение шансов — odds ratio, OR=1,015), интерлейкина-6 (OR=1,006), ишемией модифицированного альбумина (OR=1,026-1,028 в зависимости от модели) и цистатина С (OR=1,769) c наличием эпикардиального ожирения. По результатам многофакторного анализа с поправкой на пол, возраст и наличие острого поражения почек выявлены статистически значимые ассоциации умеренного и выраженного венозного застоя (VExUS Grade 2-3) c сывороточными концентрациям моноцитарного хемоаттрактантого белка-1 (OR=1,004) и цистатина С (OR=3,188).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Гиперсекреция биомаркеров хронического воспаления, ишемии миокарда и дисфункции почек ассоциирована с наличием эпикардиального ожирения и/или венозным застоем по большому кругу кровообращения у больных с ОДСНсФВ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyze the associations of circulating biomarkers of chronic inflammation, programmed cell death, myocardial remodeling, and cellular stress with clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (ADHFpEF).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 240 patients aged 47 to 96 years admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of ADHFrEF. Blood was collected before the study began, and processed plasma and serum were stored at -80 оC. Serum biomarker levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), and spectrophotometric methods using Multiscan FC (Thermo, USA), Maglumi 2000 (Snibe, China), Lifotronic eCL8000 (Lifotronic, China), and Shimadzu 1800 UV (Shimadzu, Japan) analyzers.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A significant association was found between levels of leptin (odds ratio, OR=1,015), interleukin-6 (OR=1,006), ischemia-modified albumin (OR=1,026-1,028 depending on the model), and cystatin C (OR=1,769) with epicardial obesity. Multivariate analysis adjusted for sex, age, and acute kidney injury revealed significant associations between moderate and severe venous congestion (VExUS Grade 2-3) and serum concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (OR=1,004) and cystatin C (OR=3,188).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Hypersecretion of biomarkers of chronic inflammation, myocardial ischemia, and renal dysfunction is associated with epicardial obesity and/or systemic venous congestion in patients with ADHFpEF.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность с сохраненной фракцией выброса</kwd><kwd>острая декомпенсация</kwd><kwd>моноцитарный хемоаттрактантный белок-1</kwd><kwd>лептин</kwd><kwd>адипонектин</kwd><kwd>интерлейкины</kwd><kwd>ишемией-модифицированный альбумин</kwd><kwd>NT-proBNP</kwd><kwd>матриксные металлопротеиназы</kwd><kwd>тканевые ингибиторы матриксных металлопротеиназ</kwd><kwd>сосудисто-эндотелиальный фактор роста</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>хроническое воспаление</kwd><kwd>нетоз</kwd><kwd>пироптоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart failure with preserved ejection fraction</kwd><kwd>acute decompensation</kwd><kwd>monocyte chemoattractant protein-1</kwd><kwd>leptin</kwd><kwd>adiponectin</kwd><kwd>interleukins</kwd><kwd>ischemia-modified albumin</kwd><kwd>NT-proBNP</kwd><kwd>matrix metalloproteinases</kwd><kwd>tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases</kwd><kwd>vascular endothelial growth factor</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>chronic inflammation</kwd><kwd>NETosis</kwd><kwd>pyroptosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводилось в рамках государственного задания "Разработка информационно-аналитической системы для прогнозирования и улучшения исходов путем оптимизации подходов к ведению пациентов с декомпенсированной сердечной недостаточностью с сохраненной фракцией выброса с использованием мультимаркерной стратегии и методов искусственного интеллекта" (2025-2027гг, регистрационный номер И125011901994-4).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted as part of the state assignment "Development of an information and analytical system for predicting and improving outcomes by optimizing approaches to managing patients with decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using a multimarker strategy and artificial intelligence methods" (2025-2027, registration number I125011901994-4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chioncel O, Mebazaa A, Maggioni AP, et al. Acute heart failure congestion and perfusion status — impact of the clinical classification on in-hospital and long-term outcomes; insights from the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(11):1338-52. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1492.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chioncel O, Mebazaa A, Maggioni AP, et al. Acute heart failure congestion and perfusion status — impact of the clinical classification on in-hospital and long-term outcomes; insights from the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(11):1338-52. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomasoni D, Adamo M, Anker MS, et al. Heart failure in the last year: progress and perspective. ESC Heart Fail. 2020;7(6):3505-30. doi:10.1002/ehf2.13124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomasoni D, Adamo M, Anker MS, et al. Heart failure in the last year: progress and perspective. ESC Heart Fail. 2020;7(6):3505-30. doi:10.1002/ehf2.13124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галявич А. С., Терещенко С. Н., Ускач Т. М. и др. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность. Клинические рекомендации 2024. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2024;29(11):6162. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2024-6162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galyavich AS, Tereshchenko SN, Uskach TM, et al. 2024 Clinical practice guidelines for Chronic heart failure. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2024;29(11):6162. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2024-6162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidenreich PA, Albert NM, Allen LA, et al. American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Stroke Council. Forecasting the impact of heart failure in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circ Heart Fail. 2013;6(3):606-19. doi:10.1161/HHF.0b013e318291329a.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heidenreich PA, Albert NM, Allen LA, et al. American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Stroke Council. Forecasting the impact of heart failure in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circ Heart Fail. 2013;6(3):606-19. doi:10.1161/HHF.0b013e318291329a.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойцов С. А. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность: эволюция этиологии, распространенности и смертности за последние 20 лет. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(1):5-8. doi:10.26442/00403660.2022.01.201317. EDN: HRWCBS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boytsov SA. Chronic heart failure: evolution of etiology, prevalence and mortality over the past 20 years. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2022;94(1):5-8. (In Russ.) doi:10.26442/00403660.2022.01.201317. EDN: HRWCBS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilk M, Tymków R. Heart Failure in the Modern Era: A Narrative Overview of Recent Research from 2022-2025. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2025;12(12):484. doi:10.3390/jcdd12120484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilk M, Tymków R. Heart Failure in the Modern Era: A Narrative Overview of Recent Research from 2022-2025. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2025;12(12):484. doi:10.3390/jcdd12120484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина О. М., Джиоева О. Н. Современные эхокардиографические критерии сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса: не только диастолическая дисфункция. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2020;19(2):2454. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2454. EDN: WTJDNO.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina OM, Dzhioeva ON. Modern echocardiographic criteria for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: not only diastolic dysfunction. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2020;19(2):2454. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2454. EDN: WTJDNO.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Широков Н. Е., Ярославская Е. И., Криночкин Д. В. и др. Принципы диагностики сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2023;28(3S):5448. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5448. EDN: JCREUS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirokov NE, Yaroslavskaya EI, Krinochkin DV, et al. Principles for diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2023;28(3S):5448. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5448. EDN: JCREUS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arvunescu AM, Ionescu RF, Cretoiu SM, et al. Inflammation in Heart Failure-Future Perspectives. J Clin Med. 2023;12(24):7738. doi:10.3390/jcm12247738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arvunescu AM, Ionescu RF, Cretoiu SM, et al. Inflammation in Heart Failure-Future Perspectives. J Clin Med. 2023;12(24):7738. doi:10.3390/jcm12247738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Витт К. Н., Кужелева Е. А., Тукиш О. В. и др. Низкоинтенсивное воспаление как проявление коморбидности и фактор неблагоприятного клинического течения сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2024;23(2):3847. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2024-3847. EDN: FEZEBR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitt KN, Kuzheleva EA, Tukish OV, et al. Lowintensity inflammation as a manifestation of comorbidity and a factor inthe unfavorable clinical course of heart failure with preserved ejectionfraction. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2024; 23(2):3847. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2024-3847. EDN: FEZEBR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibrahim M. M. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences. Obes Rev. 2010;11(1):11-8. doi:10.1111/j.1467789X.2009.00623.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibrahim M. M. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences. Obes Rev. 2010;11(1):11-8. doi:10.1111/j.1467789X.2009.00623.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng S, Wierzbowski MC, Hrovat-Schaale K, et al. Mechanisms of NLRP3 activation and inhibition elucidated by functional analysis of disease-associated variants. Nat Immunol 2025;26(3):511-23. doi:10.1038/s41590-025-02088-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng S, Wierzbowski MC, Hrovat-Schaale K, et al. Mechanisms of NLRP3 activation and inhibition elucidated by functional analysis of disease-associated variants. Nat Immunol 2025;26(3):511-23. doi:10.1038/s41590-025-02088-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нешкова Е. А., Метельская В. А., Тимофеев Ю. С. и др. Нейтрофильная эластаза как перспективный биомаркер воспаления низкой степени при хронических неинфекционных заболеваниях. Профилактическая медицина. 2025;28(4):142-8. doi:10.17116/profmed202528041142. EDN: DIZNGS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neshkova EA, Metelskaya VA, Timofeev YuS, et al. Neutrophil elastase as a promising biomarker of low-grade inflammation in chronic non-communicable diseases. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2025;28(4):142-8. (In Russ.) doi:10.17116/profmed202528041142. EDN: DIZNGS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jia X, Al Rifai M, Hoogeveen R, et al. Association of Long-term Change in N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide With Incident Heart Failure and Death. JAMA Cardiol. 2023;8(3):222-30. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2022.5309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jia X, Al Rifai M, Hoogeveen R, et al. Association of Long-term Change in N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide With Incident Heart Failure and Death. JAMA Cardiol. 2023;8(3):222-30. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2022.5309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sklifasovskaya AP, Blagonravov M, Ryabinina A, et al. The role of heat shock proteins in the pathogenesis of heart failure (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2023;52(5):106. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2023.5309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sklifasovskaya AP, Blagonravov M, Ryabinina A, et al. The role of heat shock proteins in the pathogenesis of heart failure (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2023;52(5):106. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2023.5309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тимофеев Ю. С., Веденикин Т. Ю., Афаунова А. Р. и др. Белки теплового шока в оценке течения и прогноза исходов хронической сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2025;30(4):6317. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2025-6317. EDN: YHFXWZ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timofeev YuS, Vedenikin TYu, Afaunova AR, et al. Heat shock proteins in the assessment of the course and prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2025;30(4):6317. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2025-6317. EDN: YHFXWZ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang J, Hong W, Wan M, et al. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target of NETosis in diseases. MedComm (2020). 2022;3(3):e162. doi:10.1002/mco2.162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang J, Hong W, Wan M, et al. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target of NETosis in diseases. MedComm (2020). 2022;3(3):e162. doi:10.1002/mco2.162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasudevan SO, Behl B, Rathinam VA. Pyroptosis-induced inflammation and tissue damage. Semin Immunol. 2023;69: 101781. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2023.101781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasudevan SO, Behl B, Rathinam VA. Pyroptosis-induced inflammation and tissue damage. Semin Immunol. 2023;69: 101781. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2023.101781.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehta PK, Huang J, Levit RD, et al. Ischemia and no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA): A narrative review. Atherosclerosis. 2022;363:8-21. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehta PK, Huang J, Levit RD, et al. Ischemia and no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA): A narrative review. Atherosclerosis. 2022;363:8-21. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iacobellis G, Diaz S, Mendez A, et al. Increased epicardial fat and plasma leptin in type 1 diabetes independently of obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;24(7):725-9. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2013.11.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iacobellis G, Diaz S, Mendez A, et al. Increased epicardial fat and plasma leptin in type 1 diabetes independently of obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;24(7):725-9. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2013.11.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaneda H, Nakajima T, Haruyama A, et al. Association of serum concentrations of irisin and the adipokines adiponectin and leptin with epicardial fat in cardiovascular surgery patients. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201499. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201499.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaneda H, Nakajima T, Haruyama A, et al. Association of serum concentrations of irisin and the adipokines adiponectin and leptin with epicardial fat in cardiovascular surgery patients. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201499. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201499.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чумакова Г. А., Гриценко О. В., Груздева О. В. и др. Прогнозирование риска развития диастолической дисфункции левого желудочка при ожирении. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2022; 27(4):4811. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-4811. EDN: ATRJCZ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chumakova GA, Gritsenko OV, Gruzdeva OV, et al. Predicting the risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in obesity. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2022;27(4):4811. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-4811. EDN: ATRJCZ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baysal T, Alp H, Koç N, et al. Serum ischemia-modified albumin level and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2012;25(9-10):935-44. doi:10.1515/jpem-2012-0191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baysal T, Alp H, Koç N, et al. Serum ischemia-modified albumin level and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2012;25(9-10):935-44. doi:10.1515/jpem-2012-0191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Woerden G, van Veldhuisen DJ, Westenbrink BD, et al. Connecting epicardial adipose tissue and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mechanisms, management and modern perspectives. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24(12):2238-50. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2741.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Woerden G, van Veldhuisen DJ, Westenbrink BD, et al. Connecting epicardial adipose tissue and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mechanisms, management and modern perspectives. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24(12):2238-50. doi:10.1002/ejhf.2741.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Джиоева О. Н., Тимофеев Ю. С., Метельская В. А. и др. Роль эпикардиальной жировой ткани в патогенезе хронического воспаления при сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2024;23(3):3928. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2024-3928. EDN: DGYKKN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzhioeva ON, Timofeev YuS, Metelskaya VA, et al. Role of epicardial adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2024;23(3):3928. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2024-3928. EDN: DGYKKN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pi H, Xia L, Boucherat O, et al. Proteomic Signatures of Right Ventricular Outcomes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circ Hear t Fail. 2024;17(11):e012067. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.012067.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pi H, Xia L, Boucherat O, et al. Proteomic Signatures of Right Ventricular Outcomes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circ Hear t Fail. 2024;17(11):e012067. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.124.012067.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рогожкина Е. А., Веденикин Т. Ю., Тимофеев Ю. С. и др. Сравнительная оценка выраженности венозного застоя и исходов госпитализации у пациентов с острой декомпенсацией сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной фракцией выброса. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2024;29(7):5977. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2024-5977. EDN: RGBFNE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogozhkina EA, Vedenikin TYu, Timofeev YuS, et al. Comparative assessment of venous congestion severity and hospitalization outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2024;29(7):5977. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2024-5977. EDN: RGBFNE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Higashikuni Y, Liu W, Numata G, et al. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Through Heart-Brain Interaction Initiates Cardiac Inflammation and Hypertrophy During Pressure Overload. Circulation. 2023;147(4):338-55. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060860.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Higashikuni Y, Liu W, Numata G, et al. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Through Heart-Brain Interaction Initiates Cardiac Inflammation and Hypertrophy During Pressure Overload. Circulation. 2023;147(4):338-55. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060860.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осипова О. А., Шепель Р. Н., Агарков Н. М. и др. Факторы, ассоциированные с ухудшением инотропной функции миокарда у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2024;23(8):4081. doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4081. EDN: HHJBEI.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osipova OA, Shepel RN, Agarkov NM, et al. Factors associated with deterioration of myocardial inotropic function in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2024;23(8):4081. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2024-4081. EDN: HHJBEI.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu S, Zhang G, Tan X, et al. Plasma Olink Proteomics Reveals Novel Biomarkers for Prediction and Diagnosis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Heart Failure. J Proteome Res. 2024; 23(9):4139-50. doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00522.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu S, Zhang G, Tan X, et al. Plasma Olink Proteomics Reveals Novel Biomarkers for Prediction and Diagnosis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Heart Failure. J Proteome Res. 2024; 23(9):4139-50. doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00522.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen S, Tang Y, Zhou X. Cystatin C for predicting all-cause mortality and rehospitalization in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep. 2019;39(2):BSR20181761. doi:10.1042/BSR20181761.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen S, Tang Y, Zhou X. Cystatin C for predicting all-cause mortality and rehospitalization in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep. 2019;39(2):BSR20181761. doi:10.1042/BSR20181761.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернявина А. И., Козиолова Н. А. Риск развития хронической сердечной недостаточности в зависимости от состояния фильтрационной функции почек у больных неосложненной гипертонической болезнью. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2022;27(2):4859. doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-4859. EDN: VEYMBU.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernyavina AI, Koziolova NA. Risk of heart failure depending on the state of renal filtration function in patients with uncomplicated hypertension. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2022;27(2):4859. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2022-4859. EDN: VEYMBU.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
