cardiovascularКардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактикаCardiovascular Therapy and Prevention1728-88002619-0125«SILICEA-POLIGRAF» LLCcardiovascular-994Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEW ARTICLESОмега-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты в кардиологииOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiologyПероваН. В.PerovaN. V.oganov@online.ruГосударственный научно-исследовательский центр профилактической медицины Росздрава, МоскваState Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow20052008200544101107Copyright © Перова Н.В., 20052005Перова Н.В.Perova N.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cardiovascular.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/994

Длинноцепочечные ω-3 полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты (ω-3 ПНЖК) –эйкозапентаеновая кислота (ЭПК) и докозагексаеновая кислота (ДГК) обладают рядом важных биологических эффектов, которые могут быть использованы в кардиологии. Потребление длинноцепочечных ω-3 ПНЖК в дозах 3-4 г/сут. и выше приводит к снижению гипертриглицеридемии, тромбогенеза, воспалительных и иммунных процессов, тонуса сосудов. Свободные ЭПК и ДГК являются структурными компонентами клеточных мембран; они модифицируют – ингибируют функции трансмембранных ионных каналов, оказывая антиаритмогенное действие, повышая вариабельность сердечного ритма. В исследовании GISSI – Prevenzione trial у пациентов, принимающих ω-3 ПНЖК, суммарный показатель, включающий смертность от всех причин, а также несмертельные инфаркты миокарда (ИМ) и инсульты (МИ), оказался ниже, чем в группе плацебо на 15-16% (Р=0,02), а риск смерти от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний плюс несмертельные ИМ и МИ ниже, чем в группе плацебо на 20-21% (Р=0,006). Наибольшим было уменьшение риска внезапной смерти – 45% (Р=0,0006), которое проявлялось уже через 4 месяца лечения.

Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - have some important biological effects that can be used in cardiology. Long-chain omega-3 PUFA intake, in the dose of 3-4 g/d and more, decrease hypertriglyceridemia, thrombogenesis, inflammatory and immune processes, and vascular tonus. Free EPA and DHA act as structural components of cell membranes; they modify –inhibit trans-membrane ion channels; demonstrate antiarrhythmic effects; increase heart rate variability. In GISSI-Prevenzione study, among patients taking omega-3 PUFA, the incidence of combined end-point (total mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (S)) was lower than that in placebo group, by 15-16% (Р=0.02). Cardiovascular death risk, plus nonfatal MI and S risk, was also lower, comparing to placebo group (-20-21%; Р=0.006). The risk reduction was maximal (-45%; Р=0.0006) for sudden death; its risk was decreased as early as after 4 months of treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.