Факторы периоперационного сердечно-сосудистого риска и пути его снижения у больных ишемической болезнью сердца при чрескожных коронарных вмешательствах

Такие перипроцедурные осложнения чрескожных коронарных вмешательств (ЧКВ), как инфаркт миокарда (ИМ), феномен “no-reflow/slow flow” и инсульт оказывают неблагоприятное влияние на отдаленную выживаемость. Это определяет необходимость оптимизации стратификации риска и профилактики их развития. Существующие подходы прогнозирования периоперационных осложнений ориентированы в основном на оценку вероятности смертельного исхода и не учитывают модифицируемые факторы риска, что ограничивает их значение рамками оценки пользы/риска ЧКВ. Назначение статинов в периоперационном периоде снижает риск перипроцедурного ИМ у больных стабильной стенокардией и при остром коронарном синдроме. Полагают, что такой благоприятный эффект обусловлен наличием у препарата противовоспалительных, антиокислительных, антитромботических, NO- и иммуномодулирующих свойств. Сведения о кардиопротективной перипроцедурной эффективности β-адреноблокаторов при ЧКВ неоднозначны. Данные о способности этих препаратов повышать риск развития феномена “slow flow”, спазма коронарных артерий, сердечной недостаточности и артериальной гипотонии делают необходимой оптимизацию пульс-урежающей составляющей фармакологического обеспечения процедуры ЧКВ. В качестве одного из перспективных подходов к решению этой проблемы может рассматриваться применение ивабрадина — препарата с доказанными антиишемическими и антиангинальными свойствами, не влияющего на сократительную способность миокарда и уровень артериального давления.

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