DISTRIBUTION OF LIPID PROFILE VALUES IN ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE MEN AND WOMEN IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION: RESULTS OF THE ESSE-RF STUDY FOR THE YEARS 2012-2014

Elevated level of plasma cholesterol, together with arterial hypertension, is the main modifiable factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) development. Monitoring of lipid levels at populational level is an important instrument of the prevention medicine, applied for CVD populational risk assessment.

Aim. Blood lipid levels assessment, with the data obatined during epidemiological study “ESSE-RF” (Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in various regions of Russian Federation) in 13 regions of Russia.

Material and methods. In the study, the patients were included, of 25-64 y.o. All participants underwent specimens collection for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteides cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoproteides cholesterol (LDL-C) by enzymatic methods on automatic analyzer Abbott Architect 8000. Also, in all the participants, hypolipidemic therapy was evaluated.

Results. Totally, 21167 persons included into analysis, 7937 males and 13230 females. 807 (3,81%) had been taking hypolipidemic therapy and were ruled out from further analysis. Mean age 44±12 and 47±11 y.o., respectively. Mean values for men were TC 5,31±1,15 mM/L, TG 1,58±1,24 mM/L, HDL-C 1,30±0,33 mM/L and LDL-C 3,38±0,99 mM/L (7643 persons), for women — 5,48±1,18 mM/L, 1,36±0,85 mM/L, 1,47±0,35 mM/L and 3,42±1,04 mM/L, respectively (12717 persons). In the study we present percentile variations of the studied groups by the measured levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C according to the age and sex. There were moderate correlations found of HDL-C with age and sex (r=0,34, p=0,000) and LDL-C (r=0,33, p=0,000). Correlation of TG with age and sex was low, but significant (r=0,18, p=0,000). There was no correlation of HDL-C with age and sex (r=-0,002, p=0,740). Also, a high prevalence is shown for severe lipid disorders. 23% of the participants had severely increased TC level (>6,2 mM/L), and 20,6% — of LDL-C (>4,2 mM/L). Severe increase of TG (>5,0 mM/L) was found much more rarely (1,1%).

Conclusion. In the ESSE-RF study the prevalence of significant lipid disorders was shown as high, that demands respective prevention and management. This study might be a starting point for lipids populational dynamics analysis in Russia. 

1. Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012): The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J 2012. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092.

2. Chepetova TV, Meshkov AN. Hypertriglyceridemia: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 2006; 5 (5): 94-100. Russian (Чепетова Т.В., Мешков А.Н. Гипертриглицеридемия: этиология, патогенез, диагностика. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика 2006; 5 (5): 94-100).

3. Nordestgaard BG, Varbo A. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease. The Lancet 2014; 384 (9943): 626-35. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61177-6.

4. Rader DJ, Hovingh GK. HDL and cardiovascular disease. Lancet. 2014; 384 (9943): 618-25. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61217-4.

5. Farzadfar F, Finucane MM, Danaei G, et al. National, regional, and global trends in serum total cholesterol since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 321 country-years and 3.0 million participants. Lancet 2011; 377 (9765): 578-86. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62038-7.

6. Wang W, Liu J, Wang M, et al. Serum total cholesterol change from 1992 to 2007 in the general population from Chinese multi-provincial cohort study. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2014; 42 (3): 230-5.

7. Berrios X, Koponen T, Huiguang T, et al. Distribution and prevalence of major risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in selected countries: the WHO Inter-Health Programme. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1997; 75(2): 99-108.

8. Ershova AI, Meshkov AN, Yakushin SS, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe hypercholesterolemia in real outpatient practice (according to the RECVASA registry). Rational Pharmacother Card 2014; 10 (6): 612-6. Russian (Ершова А.И., Мешков А.Н., Якушин С.С. и др. Диагностика и лечение больных с выраженной гиперхолестеринемией в реальной амбулаторно-поликлинической практике (по данным регистра РЕКВАЗА). Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии 2014; 10 (6): 612-6).

9. Boitsov SA, Chazov EI, Shlyakhto EV, et al. Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in different regions of Russia (ESSE-RF). The rationale for and design of the study. Profilakticheskaya meditsina 2013; 6: 25-34. Russian (Бойцов С.А., Чазов Е.И., Шляхто Е.В. и др. Научно-организационный комитет проекта ЭССЕ-РФ. Эпидемиология сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в различных регионах России (ЭССЕ-РФ). Обоснование и дизайн исследования. Профилактическая медицина 2013; 6: 25-34).

10. Muromtseva GA, Kontsevaya AV, Konstantinov VV, et al. The prevalence of noninfectious diseases risk factors in Russian population in 2012-2013 years. The results of ECVD-RF. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 2014; 13 (6): 4-11. Russian (Муромцева Г.А., Концевая А.В., Константинов В.В. и др. Распространенность факторов риска неинфекционных заболеваний в Российской популяции в 2012-2013 гг. Результаты исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2014; 13 (6): 4-11).

11. Reiner Z, Catapano AL, Backer G De, et al. Recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Atherosclerosis for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Rational Pharmacother Card 2012; 8(1S): 3-60. Russian (Reiner Z, Catapano AL, Backer G De и др. Рекомендации Европейского Общества Кардиологов и Европейского Общества Атеросклероза по лечению дислипидемий. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии 2012; 8(1S): 3-60).

12. Metelskaya VA, Shalnova SA, Deev AD, et al. Analysis of atherogenic dyslipidemias prevalence among population of Russian Federation (results of the ESSE-RF Study). Profilakticheskaya meditsina 2016; 19 (1): 15-23. Russian (Метельская В.А., Шальнова С.А., Деев А.Д. и др. от имени участников исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Анализ распространенности показателей, характеризующих атерогенность спектра липопротеидов, у жителей Российской Федерации (по данным исследования ЭССЕ-РФ). Профилактическая Медицина 2016; 19 (1): 15-23).

13. Meshkov AN, Malyshev PP, Kukharchuk VV. Familial hypercholesterolemia in Russia: genetic and phenotypic characteristics Ter Arkh 2009; 81 (9): 23-8. Russian (Мешков А.Н., Малышев П.П., Кухарчук В.В. Семейная гиперхолестеринемия в России: генетическая и фенотипическая характеристика. Терапевтический архив 2009; 81 (9): 23-8).

14. Malyshev PP, Rozhkova TA, Solovyeva EYu, et al. Coronary heart disease development in heterozygotic form of familial hypercholesterolemia. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 2006; 5 (5): 5-13. Russian (Малышев П. П., Рожкова Т.А., Соловьёва Е.Ю. и др. Развитие ишемической болезни сердца при гетерозиготной форме семейной гиперхолестеринемии. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика 2006; 5 (5): 5-13).

15. Carroll MD, Kit BK, Lacher DA, et al. Trends in lipids and lipoproteins in US adults, 1988-2010. JAMA 2012; 308(15):1545-54. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.13260.

16. Kaufman HW, Blatt AJ, Huang X, et al. Blood cholesterol trends 2001-2011 in the United States: analysis of 105 million patient records. PLoS One 2013 May 10; 8 (5): e63416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063416.