Долгосрочная терапия сульфгидрильным ингибитором ангиотензин-превращающего фермента замедляет утолщение комплекса «интима-медия» сонных артерий, улучшает показатели обмена оксида азота и окислительного стресса у пациентов с впервые диагностированной первичной мягкой артериальной гипертонией

Введение. Сульфгидрильные ингибиторы ангиотензин-превращающего фермента (ИАПФ) обладают подтвержденным в экспериментальных исследованиях антиатерогенным эффектом, а также отмеченным в клинических условиях антиокислительным действием. Тем не менее, остается открытым вопрос о наличии у ИАПФ клинически значимых антиатеросклеротических свойств.
Цель. У пациентов с мягкой артериальной гипертонией (АГ) был изучен эффект сульфгидрильного ИАПФ зофеноприла, в сравнении с действием карбоксильного ИАПФ эналаприла, на выраженность атеросклероза сонных артерий (СА) – толщину комплекса «интима-медия» (ТКИМ) и диаметр (D) просвета сосудов, а также на показатели системного окислительного стресса (ОС) – уровни нитритов/нитратов, асимметричного диметил-L-аргинина и изопростана.
Материал и методы. В 2001г было начато проспективное, рандомизированное, клиническое исследование, в которое вошли 48 пациентов с впервые диагностированной мягкой АГ и без дополнительных факторов риска (ФР) атеросклероза (например, гиперлипидемии, курения, атеросклероза в семейном анамнезе или сахарного диабета). Пациенты рандомизированно получали либо эналаприл 20 мг/сут (n=24), либо зофеноприл (n=24) 30 мг/сут. Запланированная продолжительность исследования составила 5 лет. У всех участников показатели ТКИМ и D просвета сосудов определялись при ультразвуковом исследовании (УЗИ) СА исходно, через 1, 3 и 5 лет. Оценивались уровни нитритов/нитратов, асимметричного диметил-L-аргинина и изопростанов.
Результаты. Исходные показатели TКИМ правой и левой общих СА достоверно не различались в обеих группах вмешательства. На протяжении 5 лет наблюдения значения ТКИМ продолжала достоверно снижаться в группе зофеноприла, но не в группе эналаприла (р<0,05 для сравнения между группами). У принимавших зофеноприл больных такой положительный эффект сопровождался улучшением показателей обмена NO и ОС.
Заключение. Долгосрочная терапия сульфгидрильным ИАПФ зофеноприлом оказывает не только антигипертензивное действие, но и препятствует увеличению показателей ТКИМ СА у пациентов с впервые диагностированной мягкой АГ.

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