Semen Semenovich Zimnitsky’s contribution to the description of the clinic of infectious diseases, microbiology and immunology

The early period of S. S. Zimnitsky scientific activity is characterized by a passion for microbiology, immunology and infectious diseases. Of great importance was the three-year work abroad with I. I. Mechnikov and R. Virkhov. S. S. Zimnitsky gained worldwide fame for his discovery of Manchurian typhus. S. S. Zimnitsky investigated blood complements, proved the presence of "group immuniziny", treated croupous pneumonia with monovalent serum. An analysis of S. S. Zimnitsky works in the field of infectious diseases, microbiology and immunology, several biochemical studies indicate the great contribution of the scientist to the development of Russian biological science.

1. Zimnitsky SS. On the treatment of swamp fever with arsenic injections. Weekly. 1900;7(37):641-8. (In Russ.)

2. Zimnitsky SS. To the casuistry of complications of typhoid fever. Weekly. 1899;6(30):561. (In Russ.)

3. Bogoyavlensky VF. Professor Semen Semenovich Zimnitsky — doctor, scientist, patriot: monograph. Kazan: Tatar book publishing house, 1970. p. 99. (In Russ.)

4. Oslopov VN, Mishanina YuS. Professor Semen Semenovich Zimnitsky: monograph. Lambert, 2020. p. 92. (In Russ.) ISBN-10: 6202922885.

5. Zimnitsky SS. Botkin SS. Manchurian typhus, its clinical picture and pathogen. M., 1910. р. 31. (In Russ.)

6. Poddubny MV. Professor S.S. Botkin in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. Military Medical Journal. 2019;12:69-78. (In Russ.)

7. Zimnitsky SS, Botkin SS. Manchurian typhus, its clinical picture is the causative agent. Proceedings of the I Congress of Russian therapists. (1909), M., 1910, pp.162-190. (In Russ.)

8. Big Medical Encyclopedia: updated and updated edition of the bestseller. M.: Eksmo, 2015., p. 880. (In Russ.)

9. Zimnitsky SS. Der maridschurische Tuphus, seln klinisches Bild und sein Erreger (mit prof. S.S. Botkln). Zeitschr. f. klin. Med. 1911;72(3-4):271-91.

10. Oslopov VN, Bogoyavlensky VF, Bogoyavlenskaya OV, Shcherbakov VA. Professor Semen Semenovich Zimnitsky (on the occasion of his 140th birthday). Bulletin of Modern Clinical Medicine. 2014;7(1):65-8. (In Russ.)

11. Zasetsky NA. Review of the scientific works of professors V. F. Orlovsky and S. S. Zimnitsky. Scientific notes of KSU. 1913;80(1):7-10. (In Russ.)

12. Oslopov VN, Khasanov NR, Oslopova YuV, et al. Clinical and pedagogical school of Semen Semenovich Zimnitsky. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2022;21(5S):3493. (In Russ.) doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3493.

13. Chiang PS, Su SW, Yang SL, et al. Delayed correlation between the incidence rate of indigenous murine typhus in humans and the seropositive rate of Rickettsia typhi infection in small mammals in Taiwan from 2007-2019. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(4):e0010394. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010394.

14. Liddell PW, Sparks MJ. Murine typhus: endemic Rickettsia in southwest Texas. Clin Lab Sci. 2012;25(2):81-7.

15. Zimnitsky SS. Aleksins and their importance in the fight against infection. Izvestiya Military-med. academy. 1905;10(4):273- 8. (In Russ.)

16. Zimnitsky SS. On the state of alexins in the blood of an animal organism. Russian doctor. 1905;4(19):616-21. (In Russ.)

17. Zimnitsky SS. To the question of the properties of the blood serum of typhoid patients (immune bodies, gluing and alexins). Russian doctor. 1907;6(47):1621-4. (In Russ.)

18. Zimnitsky SS. Einige Komplementenfrage. Munch, med. Wchschr. 1903;50(50):2175-6.

19. Nuttall G. Experiments über die bacterienfeindlichen Einflüsse des thierischen Körpers. Z. Hyg. Infektionskrankh. 1888;4:353-94.

20. Buchner Н. Zur Nomenklatur der schützenden Eiweisskörper. Centr. f. Bakteriol. Parasitenk. 1891;10(21):699-701.

21. Ehrlich Р. Collected studies оn immunity. Chap. 2. Translated bу С. Bolduan. New York: J. Wiley & sons, 1906, р. 586.

22. Gordon J, Wormall A. The relationship between the bactericidal power of normal guinea pig serum and complement activity. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 2005;31(4):753-68. doi:10.1002/path.1700310417.

23. Aleshina GM. On the history of the study of endogenous antibiotics. Medical Academic Journal. 2021;21(3):39-47. (In Russ.) doi:10.17816/MAJ77931.

24. Zimnitsky SS. On the issue of group immune bodies in the blood serum in typhoid and typhoid-like infections. Russian doctor. 1907;6(49):1693-4. (In Russ.)

25. Zimnitsky SS. On the nature of group immunisins (ImmunKorper). Russian doctor. 1908;7(33):1091-7. (In Russ.)

26. Zimnitsky SS. To the characterization of bacterial enzymes and their influence on autolysis. Russian doctor. 1906;5(15):437-9. (In Russ.)

27. Zimnitsky SS. To the question of serum antienzymes. Weekly. 1900;7(39):682-6. (In Russ.)

28. Zimnitsky SS. Zur Frage uber die antlfertnentatlven Eigensch.it’ ten des Blutserums. Prager med. Wchschr. 1902;27(37):1-9.

29. Zimnitsky SS. Beitrag zur Lehre des Einflusses der Kohlenhydrate auf die Eiwelssfaulnls. Hoppe-Seyler’s Zeitschr. f. Physiol. Chemie. 1903;39(2):99-125.

30. Zimnitsky SS. Ueber zwel Fall’evon Intimatuberkulose der Aorta. Prager med. Wchschr. 1903;28:7.

31. Zimnitsky SS. On the etiology of miliary tuberculosis (on the significance of tuberculosis of the vascular bed for its generalization in the body). Medical newspaper. 1907;14:3-4. (In Russ.)

32. Zimnitsky SS. Fundamentals of bacterio-biological recognition of tuberculosis (lungs). A course given to medical students. Kazan, ed. KGU, 1913, р. 176. (In Russ.)

33. Predtechensky AM. In memory of prof. S.S. Zimnitsky. Russian clinic. 1928;9(46):149-56. (In Russ.)

34. S.S. Zimnitsky review of Levin A.M. Introduction to the clinic of Internal Diseases. GIZ, 1926, part 1; 1927, part 2. Kazan Medical Journal. 1928;1:127-8. (In Russ.)