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Hypertension in the Russian population during the COVID-19 pandemic: sex differences in prevalence, treatment and its effectiveness. Data from the ESSE-RF3 study

https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3785

EDN: YRUNUX

Abstract

Aim. To study the epidemiological characteristics and changes of hypertension (HTN), as well as factors associated with HTN in the Russian population aged 35-74 years.

Material and methods. The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study examined a representative sample of the population aged 35-74 years of 15 Russian regions with a response >70% (n=28611). Modular design questionnaire was used. Blood pressure (BP) was measured twice after a 5-minute rest in a sitting position on the right arm with an Omron blood pressure monitor. There were following criteria for hypertension: systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg, and/or antihypertensive therapy. The effectiveness of treatment was considered the proportion (%) of people who achieved target blood pressure values among those being treated, while the control was considered the proportion (%) of patients with a BP <140/90 mm Hg of the total number of hypertensive patients. HTN changes were studied in a single age range of 35-64 years with the inclusion of materials from the ESSE-RF (2012-14) and ESSE-RF2 (2017) studies, carried out using the same methodology as ESSE-RF3. Statistical analysis was carried out using the open-source R 3.6.1 environment. Analysis of the association between factors and a binary variable was performed using logistic regression. The significance level for all tested hypotheses was 0,05.

Results. According to ESSE-RF3, the average levels of SBP and DBP in the population were 131,9±18,7 and 84,4±10,9 mm Hg, respectively, while the proportion of those with BP ≥140/90 mm Hg — 38,8% (men: 44,8%, women: 33,9%). Prevalence of hypertension was 53,9% (men: 56,0%, women: 52,1%), awareness — 77,7% (men: 71,5%, women: 82,3%), while the treatment received 63,4%, significantly higher among women than among men: 72,3 vs 53,3%. The effectiveness of treatment was 44,0%, higher among women compared to men (48,2 vs 37,4%). In addition, 27,9% of patients have controlled HTN.

Conclusion. The problem of controlled HTN in Russia remains unresolved in the 21st century. The following significant sex differences remain: the prevalence of HTN is higher among men, but awareness of the disease, treatment rate and its effectiveness are lower compared to women.

About the Authors

Yu. A. Balanova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


O. M. Drapkina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


V. A. Kutsenko
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. E. Imaeva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. V. Kontsevaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. A. Maksimov
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


G. A. Muromtseva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


M. B. Kotova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


N. S. Karamnova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. E. Evstifeeva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. V. Kapustina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


O. A. Litinskaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


M. S. Pokrovskaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


E. M. Filichkina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Moscow


O. E. Ivlev
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


L. I. Gomanova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


Yu. V. Doludin
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


I. A. Efimova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. L. Borisova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


B. M. Nazarov
City Polyclinic № 109
Russian Federation

Moscow


E. B. Yarovaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Moscow


T. V. Repkina
Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Barnaul


T. O. Gonoshilova
Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Barnaul


A. V. Kudryavtsev
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation

Arkhangelsk


N. I. Belova
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation

Arkhangelsk


L. L. Shagrov
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation

Arkhangelsk


M. A. Samotrueva
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Astrakhan


A. L. Yasenyavskaya
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Astrakhan


E. N. Chernysheva
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Astrakhan


S. V. Glukhovskaya
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation

Ekaterinburg


I. A. Levina
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation

Ekaterinburg


E. A. Shirshova
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation

Ekaterinburg


E. B. Dorzhieva
Boyanov Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Ulan-Ude


E. Z. Urbanova
Boyanov Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Ulan-Ude


N. Yu. Borovkova
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Nizhny Novgorod


V. K. Kurashin
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Nizhny Novgorod


A. S. Tokareva
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Nizhny Novgorod


Yu. I. Ragino
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation

Novosibirsk


G. I. Simonova
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation

Novosibirsk


A. D. Khudyakova
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation

Novosibirsk


V. N. Nikulin
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Orenburg


O. R. Aslyamov
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Orenburg


G. V. Khokhlova
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Orenburg


A. V. Solovyova
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation

Tver


A. A. Rodionov
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation

Tver


O. V. Kryachkova
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation

Tver


Yu. Yu. Shamurova
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation

Chelyabinsk


I. V. Tantsyreva
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation

Chelyabinsk


I. N. Baryshnikova
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation

Chelyabinsk


M. G. Ataev
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Makhachkala


M. O. Radjabov
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Makhachkala


M. M. Isakhanova
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Makhachkala


M. A. Umetov
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation

Nalchik


L. V. Elgarova
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation

Nalchik


I. A. Khakuasheva
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation

Nalchik


E. I. Yamashkina
Ogarev Mordovian State University
Russian Federation

Saransk


M. V. Esina
Ogarev Mordovian State University
Russian Federation

Saransk


T. A. Kunyaeva
Ogarev Mordovian State University; Mordovian Republican Central Clinical Hospital
Russian Federation

Saransk


A. M. Nikitina
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Yakutsk


N. V. Savvina
Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Russian Federation

Yakutsk


Yu. E. Spiridonova
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Yakutsk


E. A. Naumova
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention, Exercise therapy and Sports Medicine
Russian Federation

Cheboksary


A. A. Keskinov
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation

Moscow


D. A. Kashtanova
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation

Moscow


V. S. Yudin
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. M. Yudin
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. A. Shalnova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


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Supplementary files

What is already known about the subject?

  • Hypertension (HTN) in the 21stcentury remains the most powerful modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
  • In 2019, hypertension caused 10,8 million (19% of the total) deaths in the world, causing >50% of cases of cardiovascular diseases, stroke and heart failure, as well as more than 40% of deaths among patients with diabetes.

What might this study add?

  • The prevalence of HTN in the Russian population aged 35-74 remains high — 53,9%, while treatment rate is 63,4%, less than half of those receiving anti­hypertensive drugs are effectively treated — 44,0%.
  • An increase in the proportion of effectively treated patients with hypertension in the Russian population aged 35-64 years has been demonstrated by the ESSE-RF, ESSE-RF2 and ESSE-RF3 studies from 2012-14 to 2020-22 — from 27,4 to 38,2% and among women from 38,2 to 49,2% among men.
  • The following significant sex differences remain: the prevalence of hypertension is higher among men, but awareness of the disease, treatment rate and its effectiveness are lower compared to women.

Review

For citations:

Balanova Yu.A., Drapkina O.M., Kutsenko V.A., Imaeva A.E., Kontsevaya A.V., Maksimov S.A., Muromtseva G.A., Kotova M.B., Karamnova N.S., Evstifeeva S.E., Kapustina A.V., Litinskaya O.A., Pokrovskaya M.S., Filichkina E.M., Ivlev O.E., Gomanova L.I., Doludin Yu.V., Efimova I.A., Borisova A.L., Nazarov B.M., Yarovaya E.B., Repkina T.V., Gonoshilova T.O., Kudryavtsev A.V., Belova N.I., Shagrov L.L., Samotrueva M.A., Yasenyavskaya A.L., Chernysheva E.N., Glukhovskaya S.V., Levina I.A., Shirshova E.A., Dorzhieva E.B., Urbanova E.Z., Borovkova N.Yu., Kurashin V.K., Tokareva A.S., Ragino Yu.I., Simonova G.I., Khudyakova A.D., Nikulin V.N., Aslyamov O.R., Khokhlova G.V., Solovyova A.V., Rodionov A.A., Kryachkova O.V., Shamurova Yu.Yu., Tantsyreva I.V., Baryshnikova I.N., Ataev M.G., Radjabov M.O., Isakhanova M.M., Umetov M.A., Elgarova L.V., Khakuasheva I.A., Yamashkina E.I., Esina M.V., Kunyaeva T.A., Nikitina A.M., Savvina N.V., Spiridonova Yu.E., Naumova E.A., Keskinov A.A., Kashtanova D.A., Yudin V.S., Yudin S.M., Shalnova S.A. Hypertension in the Russian population during the COVID-19 pandemic: sex differences in prevalence, treatment and its effectiveness. Data from the ESSE-RF3 study. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2023;22(8S):3785. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3785. EDN: YRUNUX

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ISSN 1728-8800 (Print)
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