Assessment of muscle strength using handgrip test in a middle-aged and elderly Russian population and its association with health characteristics
A. V. Kapustina,
S. A. Shalnova,
V. A. Kutsenko,
A. V. Kontsevaya,
G. Е. Svinin,
G. A. Muromtseva,
Yu. A. Balanova,
S. T. Evstifeeva,
A. E. Imaeva,
N. S. Karamnova,
M. B. Kotova,
S. A. Maksimov,
O. B. Shvabskaya,
E. M. Filichkina,
O. E. Ivlev,
A. A. Zelenina,
L. I. Gomanova,
E. B. Yarovaya,
T. V. Repkina,
T. O. Gonoshilova,
A. V. Kudryavtsev,
N. I. Belova,
L. L. Shagrov,
M. A. Samotrueva,
A. L. Yasenyavskaya,
E. N. Chernysheva,
S. V. Glukhovskaya,
I. A. Levina,
E. A. Shirshova,
E. B. Dorzhieva,
E. Z. Urbanova,
N. Yu. Borovkova,
V. K. Kurashin,
A. S. Tokareva,
Yu. I. Ragino,
G. I. Simonova,
A. D. Khudyakova,
V. N. Nikulin,
O. R. Aslyamov,
G. V. Khokhlova,
A. V. Solovyova,
A. A. Rodionov,
O. V. Kryachkova,
Yu. Yu. Shamurova,
I. V. Tantsyreva,
I. N. Baryshnikova,
M. G. Ataev,
M. O. Radjabov,
M. M. Isakhanova,
M. A. Umetov,
L. V. Elgarova,
I. A. Khakuasheva,
E. I. Yamashkina,
M. V. Esina,
T. A. Kunyaeva,
A. M. Nikitina,
N. V. Savvina,
Yu. E. Spiridonova,
E. A. Naumova,
A. A. Keskinov,
V. S. Yudin,
S. M. Yudin,
O. M. Drapkina https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3792
EDN: LSHNBA
Abstract
Aim. To establish reference values of handgrip test for a middle-aged and elderly population (35-74 years), as well as study the association of health characteristics and muscle strength.
Material and methods. For the analysis, we used data from the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study, conducted in 2020-2022. The sample was selected similarly to the previous ESSE-RF stages. The sample included 27689 men and women aged 35-74 years from 14 Russian regions. Of the individual variables, the characteristics with the highest evidence level of influence on muscle strength were taken as covariates. Muscle strength was assessed by a handgrip test using a MEGEON 34090 device with an accuracy of 0,1 kg. Three measurements were taken for each arm in a standing position, and the maximum value was used in the analysis. Normative sex-specific handgrip test values were established regardless of age: a participant's handgrip value was considered reduced if it was 2 standard deviations below the average value of participants at the age with the best/highest scores.
Results. The average handgrip test values for the entire male sample were 43,4±11,1 kg, while for the female sample — 27,6±6,1 kg. In men under 53 years of age, muscle strength decreases at a rate of 0,12 kg/year, then the decline accelerates to 0,48 kg/year. In women under 45,5 years of age, a slight and insignificant increase in muscle strength was detected by 0,02 kg/year, and after 45,5 years, handgrip value falls at a rate of 0,2 kg/year. Therefore, both men and women lose 1,3% of muscle strength per year to year and the decline rate do not differ. The peak age can be considered 35 years old, since at this age, the average muscle strength in men and women is 47,6±11,5 and 29,2±5,7 kg, respectively, and the calculated norm (M–2SD) for men was 47,6–2´11,5≈24 kg using rounding down, and for women it was 29,2– 2´5,7≈17 kg. With age, as expected, the proportion of people of both sexes with a metabolic syndrome level below the threshold increases, reaching 7,5% after 65 years. Multivariate regression analysis showed that, taking into account adjustments for covariates, for every 10 years, muscle strength decreases by an average of 3,1 kg in men and by 1,7 kg in women. Negative associations of metabolic syndrome with inflammation markers (fibrinogen and C-reactive protein) and noncommunicable diseases are also significant, but only men have significantly lower rates of metabolic syndrome in the presence of anxiety and depression, low income and urban residence.
Conclusion. The use of handgrip test in any age range during medical examinations or preventive examinations of the adult population and informing primary care specialists about the results obtained can help improve the general health of the population.
About the Authors
A. V. Kapustina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
S. A. Shalnova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
V. A. Kutsenko
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine;
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
A. V. Kontsevaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
G. Е. Svinin
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine;
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
G. A. Muromtseva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
Yu. A. Balanova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
S. T. Evstifeeva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
A. E. Imaeva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
N. S. Karamnova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
M. B. Kotova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
S. A. Maksimov
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
O. B. Shvabskaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
E. M. Filichkina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine;
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
O. E. Ivlev
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
A. A. Zelenina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
L. I. Gomanova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
E. B. Yarovaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine;
omonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
T. V. Repkina
Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Barnaul
T. O. Gonoshilova
Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Barnaul
A. V. Kudryavtsev
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Arkhangelsk
N. I. Belova
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Arkhangelsk
L. L. Shagrov
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Arkhangelsk
M. A. Samotrueva
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Astrakhan
A. L. Yasenyavskaya
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Astrakhan
E. N. Chernysheva
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Astrakhan
S. V. Glukhovskaya
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg
I. A. Levina
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg
E. A. Shirshova
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg
E. B. Dorzhieva
Boyanov Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ulan-Ude
E. Z. Urbanova
Boyanov Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ulan-Ude
N. Yu. Borovkova
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nizhny Novgorod
V. K. Kurashin
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nizhny Novgorod
A. S. Tokareva
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nizhny Novgorod
Yu. I. Ragino
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute
of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Novosibirsk
G. I. Simonova
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute
of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Novosibirsk
A. D. Khudyakova
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute
of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Novosibirsk
V. N. Nikulin
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Orenburg
O. R. Aslyamov
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Orenburg
G. V. Khokhlova
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Orenburg
A. V. Solovyova
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Tver
A. A. Rodionov
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Tver
O. V. Kryachkova
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Tver
Yu. Yu. Shamurova
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Chelyabinsk
I. V. Tantsyreva
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Chelyabinsk
I. N. Baryshnikova
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Chelyabinsk
M. G. Ataev
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Makhachkala
M. O. Radjabov
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Makhachkala
M. M. Isakhanova
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Makhachkala
M. A. Umetov
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nalchik
L. V. Elgarova
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nalchik
I. A. Khakuasheva
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nalchik
E. I. Yamashkina
Ogarev Mordovian State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Saransk
M. V. Esina
Ogarev Mordovian State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Saransk
T. A. Kunyaeva
Ogarev Mordovian State University;
Mordovian Republican Central Clinical Hospital
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Saransk
A. M. Nikitina
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Yakutsk
N. V. Savvina
Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Yakutsk
Yu. E. Spiridonova
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Yakutsk
E. A. Naumova
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention, Exercise therapy and Sports Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Cheboksary
A. A. Keskinov
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
V. S. Yudin
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
S. M. Yudin
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
O. M. Drapkina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
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Supplementary files
What is already known about the subject?
- Handgrip test is a method which determines the individual muscle strength, used as a marker of health in old age.
- Low muscle strength is an independent predictor of all-cause death in the elderly population.
- In the Russian literature, there is practically no data on the assessment of low muscle strength in middle age.
What might this study add?
- For the first time, muscle strength was assessed using handgrip test among a middle-aged and elderly population.
- Limits for low levels of metabolic syndrome have been established for middle-aged and elderly men and women.
- Hand grip strength in the Russian sample is less than that of Europeans of the same age.
Review
For citations:
Kapustina A.V., Shalnova S.A., Kutsenko V.A., Kontsevaya A.V., Svinin G.Е., Muromtseva G.A., Balanova Yu.A., Evstifeeva S.T., Imaeva A.E., Karamnova N.S., Kotova M.B., Maksimov S.A., Shvabskaya O.B., Filichkina E.M., Ivlev O.E., Zelenina A.A., Gomanova L.I., Yarovaya E.B., Repkina T.V., Gonoshilova T.O., Kudryavtsev A.V., Belova N.I., Shagrov L.L., Samotrueva M.A., Yasenyavskaya A.L., Chernysheva E.N., Glukhovskaya S.V., Levina I.A., Shirshova E.A., Dorzhieva E.B., Urbanova E.Z., Borovkova N.Yu., Kurashin V.K., Tokareva A.S., Ragino Yu.I., Simonova G.I., Khudyakova A.D., Nikulin V.N., Aslyamov O.R., Khokhlova G.V., Solovyova A.V., Rodionov A.A., Kryachkova O.V., Shamurova Yu.Yu., Tantsyreva I.V., Baryshnikova I.N., Ataev M.G., Radjabov M.O., Isakhanova M.M., Umetov M.A., Elgarova L.V., Khakuasheva I.A., Yamashkina E.I., Esina M.V., Kunyaeva T.A., Nikitina A.M., Savvina N.V., Spiridonova Yu.E., Naumova E.A., Keskinov A.A., Yudin V.S., Yudin S.M., Drapkina O.M. Assessment of muscle strength using handgrip test in a middle-aged and elderly Russian population and its association with health characteristics. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2023;22(8S):3792. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3792. EDN: LSHNBA
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