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Obesity in the Russian population during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors. Data from the ESSE-RF3 study

https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3793

EDN: SBUNIG

Abstract

Aim. To study the problem of obesity at the national level.

Material and methods. The ESSE-RF3 study examined a representative sample of the population of 15 Russian regions aged 35-74 years with a response >70% (n=28731). Modular design questionnaire was used. The study received approval from the Independent Ethics Committee of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. Signed informed consent was obtained from each participant. Body mass (BM) was measured once with an accuracy of 100 g. The height was measured with an accuracy of 0,5 cm once in a standing position without shoes. Waist circumference was measured with a standard measuring tape with an accuracy of 0,5 cm. There were following BM categories: insufficient (BM index (BMI) <18,5), normal (18,5≲ BMI ≲24,9), overweight (25,0≲ BMI ≲29,9), class I obesity (30,0≲ BMI ≲34,9), class II obesity (35,0≲ BMI ≲39,9) and class III obesity (BMI >40). Abdominal obesity (AO) was assessed using the following criteria: waist circumference ≥102 cm and ≥88 cm for men and women, respectively. The changes of obesity were studied with the inclusion of materials from the ESSE-RF (2012-14) and ESSE-RF2 (2017) studies, carried out using the same methodology with ESSE-RF3 in the same age range of 35-64 years. Statistical analysis was carried out using the open-source R 3.6.1 environment. Analysis of associations between factors and a binary variable was carried out using the logistic regression method. The significance level for all tested hypotheses was 0,05.

Results. Mean BMI values is 28,2±4,6 kg/m2 among men and 28,9±5,9 kg/m2 among women. The prevalence of overweight is 44,0 and 33,7%, obesity — 30,0 and 39,5%, AO — 30,9 and 55,1% among men and women, respectively. In addition, 30,3% have a combination of obesity and AO; obesity and/or AO — 49,1%. Obesity statistics did not significantly change, but in each section the rates are higher among women. The closest associations were found between obesity and hypertension (men: odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 2,88 (2,66-3,12), women: OR 3,03 (2,81-3,27) (p<0,001) and hyperuricemia for women (OR 4,21 (3,74-4,75) (p<0,001).

Conclusion. A third of the Russian population is obese, and half has obesity and/or AO. This severity of the problem requires the development and adoption of a strategy to monitor obesity at the national level.

About the Authors

Yu. A. Balanova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


O. M. Drapkina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


V. A. Kutsenko
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. E. Imaeva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. V. Kontsevaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. A. Maksimov
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


G. A. Muromtseva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


M. B. Kotova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


N. S. Karamnova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. E. Evstifeeva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. V. Kapustina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


O. A. Litinskaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


M. S. Pokrovskaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. O. Kuzyakina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


O. E. Ivlev
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


L. I. Gomanova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


Yu. V. Doludin
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


I. A. Efimova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. L. Borisova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


B. M. Nazarov
City Polyclinic № 109
Russian Federation

Moscow


E. B. Yarovaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Moscow


T. V. Repkina
Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Barnaul


T. O. Gonoshilova
Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Barnaul


A. V. Kudryavtsev
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation

Arkhangelsk


N. I. Belova
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation

Arkhangelsk


L. L. Shagrov
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation

Arkhangelsk


M. A. Samotrueva
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Astrakhan


A. L. Yasenyavskaya
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Astrakhan


E. N. Chernysheva
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Astrakhan


S. V. Glukhovskaya
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation

Ekaterinburg


I. F. Levina
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation

Ekaterinburg


T. F. Shirshova
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation

Ekaterinburg


E. B. Dorzhieva
Boyanov Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Ulan-Ude


E. Z. Urbanova
Boyanov Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Ulan-Ude


N. Yu. Borovkova
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Nizhny Novgorod


V. K. Kurashin
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Nizhny Novgorod


A. S. Tokareva
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Nizhny Novgorod


Yu. I. Ragino
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation

Novosibirsk


G. I. Simonova
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation

Novosibirsk


A. D. Khudyakova
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation

Novosibirsk


V. N. Nikulin
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Orenburg


O. R. Aslyamov
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Orenburg


G. V. Khokhlova
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Orenburg


A. V. Solovyova
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation

Tver


A. A. Rodionov
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation

Tver


O. V. Kryachkova
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation

Tver


Yu. Yu. Shamurova
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation

Chelyabinsk


I. V. Tantsyreva
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation

Chelyabinsk


I. N. Baryshnikova
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation

Chelyabinsk


M, G. Ataev
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Makhachkala


M. O. Radjabov
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Makhachkala


M. M. Isakhanova
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Makhachkala


M. A. Umetov
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation

Nalchik


L. V. Elgarova
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation

Nalchik


E. A. Khakuasheva
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation

Nalchik


E. I. Yamashkina
Ogarev Mordovian State University
Russian Federation

Saransk


M. V. Esina
Ogarev Mordovian State University
Russian Federation

Saransk


T. A. Kunyaeva
Ogarev Mordovian State University; Mordovian Republican Central Clinical Hospital
Russian Federation

Saransk


A. M. Nikitina
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Yakutsk


N. V. Savvina
Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Russian Federation

Yakutsk


Yu. E. Spiridonova
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Yakutsk


E. A. Naumova
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention, Exercise therapy and Sports Medicine
Russian Federation

Cheboksary


A. A. Keskinov
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation

Moscow


V. S. Yudin
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. M. Yudin
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. A. Shalnova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


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Supplementary files

What is already known about the subject?

  • The prevalence of obesity in the world has reached epidemic proportions. The annual socio-­economic damage associated with obesity in the Russian Federation amounts to RUB605,8 billion.

What might this study add?

  • The prevalence of overweight in the Russian population is 44,0% among men and 33,7% among women, obesity — 30,0 and 39,5%, abdominal obesity — 30,9 and 55,1%, respectively. In addition, 30,3% of those examined had a combination of obesity and abdominal obesity.
  • Obesity in the Russian population is associated with hypertension, lipid metabolism disorders, hyperuricemia (women).
  • Ineffective treatment of hypertension in the Rus­sian population is associated with higher body mass index.

Review

For citations:

Balanova Yu.A., Drapkina O.M., Kutsenko V.A., Imaeva A.E., Kontsevaya A.V., Maksimov S.A., Muromtseva G.A., Kotova M.B., Karamnova N.S., Evstifeeva S.E., Kapustina A.V., Litinskaya O.A., Pokrovskaya M.S., Kuzyakina S.O., Ivlev O.E., Gomanova L.I., Doludin Yu.V., Efimova I.A., Borisova A.L., Nazarov B.M., Yarovaya E.B., Repkina T.V., Gonoshilova T.O., Kudryavtsev A.V., Belova N.I., Shagrov L.L., Samotrueva M.A., Yasenyavskaya A.L., Chernysheva E.N., Glukhovskaya S.V., Levina I.F., Shirshova T.F., Dorzhieva E.B., Urbanova E.Z., Borovkova N.Yu., Kurashin V.K., Tokareva A.S., Ragino Yu.I., Simonova G.I., Khudyakova A.D., Nikulin V.N., Aslyamov O.R., Khokhlova G.V., Solovyova A.V., Rodionov A.A., Kryachkova O.V., Shamurova Yu.Yu., Tantsyreva I.V., Baryshnikova I.N., Ataev M.G., Radjabov M.O., Isakhanova M.M., Umetov M.A., Elgarova L.V., Khakuasheva E.A., Yamashkina E.I., Esina M.V., Kunyaeva T.A., Nikitina A.M., Savvina N.V., Spiridonova Yu.E., Naumova E.A., Keskinov A.A., Yudin V.S., Yudin S.M., Shalnova S.A. Obesity in the Russian population during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors. Data from the ESSE-RF3 study. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2023;22(8S):3793. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3793. EDN: SBUNIG

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