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Anxiety and depression: ten-year changes of prevalence and its association with demographic and socio-economic characteristics according to the ESSE-RF study

https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3796

EDN: ZRQCJG

Abstract

Aim. To analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Russians using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) during the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study. To study the associations of increased levels of anxiety and depression (HADS-A/ HADS-D ≥8+) with demographic and socio-economic characteristics according to the ESSE-RF3 study.

Material and methods. In the ESSE-RF3 study, a representative sample of the population of 15 Russian regions aged 35-74 years was examined with a response >70%. After removing respondents with missing data from the analysis, the final sample was 28716 people. The level of anxiety/depression was assessed by the sum of points <8 — "normal", ≥8 <11 — subclinical, ≥8+ — increased, ≥11 — clinical (high level). The changes in HADS-A/HADS-D over time were studied in a single age range of 35-64 years with the inclusion of materials from the ESSE-RF (2012-2014) and ESSE-RF2 (2017) studies. Statistical analysis was performed using the open-source R environment (version 4.1). Analysis of the association between factors and a binary variable was carried out using the logistic regression method. The significance level for all tested hypotheses was p≲0,05.

Results. In the Russian cohort (ESSE-RF3), the average level of anxiety/depression was 4,3±3,7/3,9±3,4, respectively, while the prevalence of subclinical/clinical anxiety and depression was 19,3/6,8% and 15,9/4,5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of HADS-A/HADS-D ≥8 <11 and HADS-A ≥11 in the ESSE-RF and ESSE-RF2 studies were significantly higher (p<0,001) compared with data from the ESSE-RF3 study. Regression analysis of HADS-D ≥8+ in men and women in models (M1 and M2) showed a significant (p<0,001) association with age 55-74 years, with secondary and less than secondary education and income, as well with diseases (men ≥2 and women ≥1) and women living in rural areas (p=0,019).

Conclusion. Data analysis showed significant (p<0,001) lower values of the standardized prevalence of anxiety and depression in men and women in ESSE-RF3 compared with the ESSE-RF and ESSE-RF2 studies. The exception were women with HADS-D ≥11, among which its prevalence in ESSE-RF3 did not differ significantly from that in ESSERF2. Regression analysis showed different associations of anxiety and depression with socioeconomic and demographic indicators in men and women.

About the Authors

S. E. Evstifeeva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. A. Shalnova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


V. A. Kutsenko
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Moscow


Yu. A. Balanova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. E. Imaeva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. V. Kapustina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


M. B. Kotova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. A. Maksimov
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


G. A. Muromtseva
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


O. A. Litinskaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


M. S. Pokrovskaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


E. B. Yarovaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Moscow


E. M. Filichkina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. G. Soplenkova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


L. I. Gomanova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


Yu. V. Doludin
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


E. A. Efimova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. L. Borisova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


N. S. Karamnova
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


O. B. Shvabskaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


B. M. Nazarov
City Polyclinic № 109
Russian Federation

Moscow


T. V. Repkina
Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Barnaul


T. O. Gonoshilova
Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Barnaul


A. V. Kudryavtsev
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation

Arkhangelsk


N. I. Belova
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation

Arkhangelsk


L. L. Shagrov
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation

Arkhangelsk


M. A. Samotrueva
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Astrakhan


A. L. Yasenyavskaya
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Astrakhan


E. N. Chernysheva
Astrakhan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Astrakhan


S. V. Glukhovskaya
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation

Ekaterinburg


I. A. Levina
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation

Ekaterinburg


E. A. Shirshova
Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Russian Federation

Ekaterinburg


E. B. Dorzhieva
Boyanov Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Ulan-Ude


E. Z. Urbanova
Boyanov Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Ulan-Ude


N. Yu. Borovkova
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Nizhny Novgorod


V. K. Kurashin
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Nizhny Novgorod


A. S. Tokareva
Privolzhsky Research Medical University
Russian Federation

Nizhny Novgorod


Yu. I. Ragino
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation

Novosibirsk


G. I. Simonova
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation

Novosibirsk


A. D. Khudyakova
Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine — branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics
Russian Federation

Novosibirsk


V. N. Nikulin
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Orenburg


O. R. Aslyamov
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Orenburg


G. V. Khokhlova
Orenburg Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Orenburg


A. V. Solovyova
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation

Tver


A. A. Rodionov
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation

Tver


O. V. Kryachkova
Tver State Medical University
Russian Federation

Tver


Yu. Yu. Shamurova
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation

Chelyabinsk


I. V. Tantsyreva
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation

Chelyabinsk


I. N. Baryshnikova
South Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation

Chelyabinsk


M. G. Ataev
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Makhachkala


M. O. Radzhabov
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Makhachkala


M. M. Isakhanova
Abusuev Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dagestan State Medical University
Russian Federation

Makhachkala


M. A. Umetov
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation

Nalchik


L. V. Elgarova
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation

Nalchik


I. A. Khakuasheva
Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
Russian Federation

Nalchik


E. I. Yamashkina
Ogarev Mordovian State University
Russian Federation

Saransk


N. V. Esina
Ogarev Mordovian State University
Russian Federation

Saransk


T. A. Kunyaeva
Ogarev Mordovian State University; Mordovian Republican Central Clinical Hospital
Russian Federation

Saransk


A. M. Nikitina
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Yakutsk


Yu. E. Spiridonova
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention
Russian Federation

Yakutsk


N. V. Savvina
Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Russian Federation

Yakutsk


E. A. Naumova
Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention, Exercise therapy and Sports Medicine
Russian Federation

Cheboksary


A. A. Keskinov
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation

Moscow


D. A. Kashtanova
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation

Moscow


V. S. Yudin
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation

Moscow


S. M. Yudin
Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks
Russian Federation

Moscow


A. V. Kontsevaya
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


O. M. Drapkina
National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Russian Federation

Moscow


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Supplementary files

What is already known about the subject?

  • The most common response to stress are anxiety and depression.

What might this study add?

  • The dynamics of standardized indicators of the prevalence of anxiety and depression in men and women during different periods of ESSE-RF study is shown.
  • For respondents with HADS-A ≥8+ and HADS-D ≥8+, the fact of having work, living in rural areas (men) and marital status had a protective effect.
  • No associations of HADS-A ≥8+ and HADS-D ≥8+ with smoking were identified.
  • Knowledge of risk factors affecting mental health will help to provide timely and quality preventive care.

Review

For citations:

Evstifeeva S.E., Shalnova S.A., Kutsenko V.A., Balanova Yu.A., Imaeva A.E., Kapustina A.V., Kotova M.B., Maksimov S.A., Muromtseva G.A., Litinskaya O.A., Pokrovskaya M.S., Yarovaya E.B., Filichkina E.M., Soplenkova A.G., Gomanova L.I., Doludin Yu.V., Efimova E.A., Borisova A.L., Karamnova N.S., Shvabskaya O.B., Nazarov B.M., Repkina T.V., Gonoshilova T.O., Kudryavtsev A.V., Belova N.I., Shagrov L.L., Samotrueva M.A., Yasenyavskaya A.L., Chernysheva E.N., Glukhovskaya S.V., Levina I.A., Shirshova E.A., Dorzhieva E.B., Urbanova E.Z., Borovkova N.Yu., Kurashin V.K., Tokareva A.S., Ragino Yu.I., Simonova G.I., Khudyakova A.D., Nikulin V.N., Aslyamov O.R., Khokhlova G.V., Solovyova A.V., Rodionov A.A., Kryachkova O.V., Shamurova Yu.Yu., Tantsyreva I.V., Baryshnikova I.N., Ataev M.G., Radzhabov M.O., Isakhanova M.M., Umetov M.A., Elgarova L.V., Khakuasheva I.A., Yamashkina E.I., Esina N.V., Kunyaeva T.A., Nikitina A.M., Spiridonova Yu.E., Savvina N.V., Naumova E.A., Keskinov A.A., Kashtanova D.A., Yudin V.S., Yudin S.M., Kontsevaya A.V., Drapkina O.M. Anxiety and depression: ten-year changes of prevalence and its association with demographic and socio-economic characteristics according to the ESSE-RF study. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2023;22(8S):3796. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3796. EDN: ZRQCJG

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ISSN 1728-8800 (Print)
ISSN 2619-0125 (Online)

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