Nursing in Lebanon: historical evolution, modern challenges, and professional training

Nursing in Lebanon is a unique example of a medical profession shaped by centuries of history, social and cultural diversity, and a complex geopolitical environment. This area of healthcare has evolved from traditional caring for patients in family and community structures to high-quality practice based on evidence and international standards. Lebanese nurses face a lack of resources and the need to work in a multicultural environment in the context of social and economic instability, which requires not only professional skills, but also exceptional psychological stability, ethical competence, and cultural sensitivity. One of the most pressing issues is the mass migration of nurses abroad, which poses a critical personnel threat to the country's healthcare system. A comparison with the experience of Russian nurses makes it possible to highlight both common features and differences due to national characteristics, which enriches our understanding of the global challenges of this profession.

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